• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.101-130
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• 2018

Since the advent of the Smart Devices, the smartphone has become a popular tool to view Webtoon. This phenomenon has caused the convergence of cutting-edge technologies and Webtoons in diverse forms, creating unique versions of Webtoons including, but not limited to Smart-toon, Effect-toon, Cut-toon, Dubbing-toon, Moving-toon, AR-toon, VR-toon, and Interaction-toon. By comparison to these rich diversities of Webtoons in the online industry, there is a lack of academic research on this topic. There are some papers which talk about the different types of multimedia technology conversion and its case presentation or the effectiveness and problems of visual effect, but the effects of these convergence technologies on comic readers' concentration and reading effectiveness have never been investigated so far. Therefore, this paper will discuss the unique method of immersive storytelling that is often used in comics and analyze each aspects of immersive method in technology-converged Webtoons along with its problems. Furthermore, this paper will analyze different aspects of "immersion" and interaction elements that can be found in the popular Interaction-toon, (Encountered). Through this, this paper discusses the positive influence of the interaction elements on comic readers' immersion level and its limitation. To classify the technology-converged Webtoons in terms of the immersion level, the Effect-toon sometimes interferes viewer's flow by using excessive use of multimedia effect, creating information overload. The Smart-toon which applied motions to each frame under horizontal mode of smartphones was a good try, but it hindered the readers' activeness and made it hard for the readers to be fully absorbed in the story. The VR-toon, which utilizes virtual reality gadgets to allow viewers to explore the world of Webtoon was also a nice try to overcome the limitation of vertical screens. However, it often caused dispersion of user's attention and reduced the users' immersion level. The Moving-toon which only emphasized the reading convenience also invaded readers' activeness and disturb users' concentration. On the other hand, the cartoonist Il-Kwon Ha applied high technologies such as face recognition technology, augmented reality techniques, 360-degree panorama technology, and haptic technology to his cartoon (Encountered). This allowed the readers to form a sense of closeness towards the cartoon characters which let the readers to identify themselves with the characters and interact with them. By this way, the readers can be fully immersed in the story. However, technology abuse, impractical production and hackneyed storylining often showed later in the story remains as its limitations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.50-60
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• 2010

For the last half a century, the personal computer and software industries have been prosperous due to the incessant evolution of computer systems. In the 21st century, the embedded system market has greatly increased as the market shifted to the mobile gadget field. While a lot of multimedia gadgets such as mobile phone, navigation system, PMP, etc. are pouring into the market, most industrial control systems still rely on 8-bit micro-controllers and simple application software techniques. Unfortunately, the technological barrier which requires additional investment and higher quality manpower to overcome, and the business risks which come from the uncertainty of the market growth and the competitiveness of the resulting products have prevented the companies in the industry from taking advantage of such fancy technologies. However, high performance, low-power and low-cost hardware and software platforms will enable their high-technology products to be developed and recognized by potential clients in the future. This paper presents such a platform for industrial embedded systems. The platform was designed based on Telechips TCC8300 multimedia processor which embedded a variety of parallel hardware for the implementation of multimedia functions. And open-source Embedded Linux, TinyX and GTK+ are used for implementation of GUI to minimize technology costs. In order to estimate the expected performance and power consumption, the performance improvement and the power consumption due to each of enabled hardware sub-systems including YUV2RGB frame converter are measured. An analytic model was devised to check the feasibility of a new application and trade off its performance and power consumption. The validity of the model has been confirmed by implementing a real target system. The cost can be further mitigated by using the hardware parts which are being used for mass production products mostly in the cell-phone market.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.325-338
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• 2003

Video adaptation in response to dynamic resource conditions and user preferences is required as a key technology to enable universal multimedia access (UMA) through heterogeneous networks by a multitude of devices In a seamless way. Although many adaptation techniques exist, selections of appropriate adaptations among multiple choices that would satisfy given constraints are often ad hoc. To provide a systematic solution, we present a general conceptual framework to model video entity, adaptation, resource, utility, and relations among them. It allows for formulation of various adaptation problems as resource-constrained utility maximization. We apply the framework to a practical case of dynamic bit rate adaptation of MPEG-4 video streams by employing combination of frame dropping and DCT coefficient dropping. Furthermore, we present a descriptor, which has been accepted as a part of MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA), for supporting terminal and network quality of service (QoS) in an interoperable manner. Experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented framework using the descriptor.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.11 s.353
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

This work proposes a 10b 25MS/s $0.8mm^2$ 4.8mW 0.13um CMOS A/D Converter (ADC) for high-performance wireless communication systems such as DVB, DAB and DMB simultaneously requiring low voltage, low power, and small area. A two-stage pipeline architecture minimizes the overall chip area and power dissipation of the proposed ADC at the target resolution and sampling rate while switched-bias power reduction techniques reduce the power consumption of analog amplifiers. A low-power sample-and-hold amplifier maintains 10b resolution for input frequencies up to 60MHz based on a single-stage amplifier and nominal CMOS sampling switches using low threshold-voltage transistors. A signal insensitive 3-D fully symmetric layout reduces the capacitor and device mismatch of a multiplying D/A converter while low-noise reference currents and voltages are implemented on chip with optional off-chip voltage references. The employed down-sampling clock signal selects the sampling rate of 25MS/s or 10MS/s with a reduced power depending on applications. The prototype ADC in a 0.13um 1P8M CMOS technology demonstrates the measured DNL and INL within 0.42LSB and 0.91LSB and shows a maximum SNDR and SFDR of 56dB and 65dB at all sampling frequencies up to 2SMS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area if $0.8mm^2$ consumes 4.8mW at 25MS/s and 2.4mW at 10MS/s at a 1.2V supply.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1332-1344
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• 2004

Upon development of information super-highway and multimedia-related technoiogies in recent years, more efficient technologies to transmit, store and retrieve the multimedia data are required. Among such technologies, firstly, it is common that the semantic-based image retrieval is annotated separately in order to give certain meanings to the image data and the low-level property information that include information about color, texture, and shape Despite the fact that the semantic-based information retrieval has been made by utilizing such vocabulary dictionary as the key words that given, however it brings about a problem that has not yet freed from the limit of the existing keyword-based text information retrieval. The second problem is that it reveals a decreased retrieval performance in the content-based image retrieval system, and is difficult to separate the object from the image that has complex background, and also is difficult to extract an area due to excessive division of those regions. Further, it is difficult to separate the objects from the image that possesses multiple objects in complex scene. To solve the problems, in this paper, I established a content-based retrieval system that can be processed in 5 different steps. The most critical process of those 5 steps is that among RGB images, the one that has the largest and the smallest background are to be extracted. Particularly. I propose the method that extracts the subject as well as the background by using an Image, which has the largest background. Also, to solve the second problem, I propose the method in which multiple objects are separated using RGB channel selection techniques having optimized the excessive division of area by utilizing Watermerge's threshold value with the object separation using the method of RGB channels separation. The tests proved that the methods proposed by me were superior to the existing methods in terms of retrieval performances insomuch as to replace those methods that developed for the purpose of retrieving those complex objects that used to be difficult to retrieve up until now.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.640-655
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• 2014

Many of today's video systems have additional depth camera to provide extra features such as 3D support. Thanks to these changes made in multimedia system, it is now much easier to obtain depth information of the video. Depth information can be used in various areas such as object classification, background area recognition, and so on. With depth information, we can achieve even higher coding efficiency compared to only using conventional method. Thus, in this paper, we propose the 2D video coding algorithm which uses depth information on top of the next generation 2D video codec HEVC. Background area can be recognized with depth information and by performing HEVC with it, coding complexity can be reduced. If current CU is background area, we propose the following three methods, 1) Earlier stop split structure of CU with PU SKIP mode, 2) Limiting split structure of CU with CU information in temporal position, 3) Limiting the range of motion searching. We implement our proposal using HEVC HM 12.0 reference software. With these methods results shows that encoding complexity is reduced more than 40% with only 0.5% BD-Bitrate loss. Especially, in case of video acquired through the Kinect developed by Microsoft Corp., encoding complexity is reduced by max 53% without a loss of quality. So, it is expected that these techniques can apply real-time online communication, mobile or handheld video service and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 1996

With the ever-increasing importance of high-speed information in society as we move towards the 21 st century, telecommunication laboratories of advanced nations are pressing forward with research and development aimed at implementing its W & P(Visual Intelligent and Personal) services and construction of a new network to support them. In legals to the former, based on a long-term view of technological and market trends, those laboratories are researching and developing services that will make possible an effective progression from the development of services that answer to potential needs towards the full-scale implementation of VI & P services. In regards to the latter, these laboratories are responding in a flexible manner to the increasing diversity and disposal of the communications environment by separating the network into a transmission system and a versatile information control/conversion -ion system and laboratories are working at enhancing the performance of both. Within these board aims, the laboratories are currently focusing our attention in three areas : the technology for a high-speed broadband transmission system featuring optical frequency multiplexing and ATM techniques, network and software technologies for advanced information control and conversion, and technology for constructing a new access network that can provide a comprehensive range of multimedia services. This article describes the laboratories' concept of how VI & P services will develop in the future, and the latest trends in the field of communications. It also describes the ideal configuration of the new network and discusses the important technological aspects of how it is to be constructed. Finally, it presents the results of the laboratories'recent research which include some innovative work, point out the areas requiring future investigation.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.6
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• pp.365-374
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• 2011

Recently, malicious video classification and filtering techniques are of practical interest as ones can easily access to malicious multimedia contents through the Internet, IPTV, online social network, and etc. Considerable research efforts have been made to developing malicious video classification and filtering systems. However, the malicious video classification and filtering is not still being from mature in terms of reliable classification/filtering performance. In particular, the most of conventional approaches have been limited to using only the spatial features (such as a ratio of skin regions and bag of visual words) for the purpose of malicious image classification. Hence, previous approaches have been restricted to achieving acceptable classification and filtering performance. In order to overcome the aforementioned limitation, we propose new malicious video classification framework that takes advantage of using both the spatial and temporal features that are readily extracted from a sequence of video frames. In particular, we develop the effective temporal features based on the motion periodicity feature and temporal correlation. In addition, to exploit the best data fusion approach aiming to combine the spatial and temporal features, the representative data fusion approaches are applied to the proposed framework. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we collect 200 sexual intercourse videos and 200 non-sexual intercourse videos. Experimental results show that the proposed method increases 3.75% (from 92.25% to 96%) for classification of sexual intercourse video in terms of accuracy. Further, based on our experimental results, feature-level fusion approach (for fusing spatial and temporal features) is found to achieve the best classification accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.2469-2475
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• 2015

A structured XML has been widely used to present services on various Web-services. The XML is also used for digital documents and digital signatures and for the representation of multimedia files in email systems. The XML document should be firstly parsed to access elements in the XML. The parsing is the most compute-instensive task in the use of XML documents. Most of the previous work has focused on hardware based XML parsers in order to improve parsing performance, while a little work has studied parsing techniques. We present the high performance parsing technique which can be used all of XML parsers and design hardware based XML parser using an FPGA. The proposed parsing technique uses element analyzers instead of the state machine and performs multibyte-based element matching. As a result, our parsing technique can reduce the number of clock cycles per byte(CPB) and does not need to require any preprocessing, such as loading XML data into memory. Compared to other parsers, our parser acheives 1.33~1.82 times improvement in the system performance. Therefore, the proposed parsing technique can process XML documents in real time and is suitable for applying to all of XML parsers.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.