• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.89-91
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• 2000

In this investigation we report our search for the presence of Leucine Rich Repeats (LRRs) in various Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sub species. Leucine rich repeats are short sequence motifs present in some proteins. The consensus sequence corresponding to the LRR was present in Crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis sub species. This LRR sequence has been predicted to be involved in proteinprotein interactions or receptor binding functions, hence the importance of this study.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.740-748
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• 2007

To gain insight into the structure and function of repressor proteins of bacteriophages of gram-positive bacteria, repressor of temperate Staphylococcus aureus phage ${\phi}11$ was undertaken as a model system here and purified as an N-terminal histidine-tagged variant (His-CI) by affinity chromatography. A ~19 kDa protein copurified with intact His-CI (~ 30 kDa) at low level was resulted most possibly due to partial cleavage at its Ala-Gly site. At ~10 nM and higher concentrations, His-CI forms significant amount of dimers in solution. There are two repressor binding sites in ${\phi}11$ cI-cro intergenic region and binding to two sites occurs possibly by a cooperative manner. Two sites dissected by HincII digestion were designated operators $O_L$ and $O_R$, respectively. Equilibrium binding studies indicate that His-CI binds to $O_R$ with a little more strongly than $O_L$ and binding species is probably dimeric in nature. Interestingly His-CI binding affinity reduces drastically at elevated temperatures ($32-42^{\circ}C$). Both $O_L$ and $O_R$ harbor a nearly identical inverted repeat and studies show that ${\phi}11$ repressor binds to each repeat efficiently. Additional analyses indicate that ${\phi}11$ repressor, like $\lambda$ repressor, harbors an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain which are separated by a hinge region. Secondary structure of ${\phi}11$ CI even nearly resembles to that of $\lambda$ phage repressor though they differ at sequence level. The putative N-terminal HTH (helix-turn-helix) motif of ${\phi}11$ repressor belongs to the HTH -XRE-family of proteins and shows significant identity to the HTH motifs of some proteins of evolutionary distant organisms but not to HTH motifs of most S. aureus phage repressors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.671-680
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• 2017

Contemporary people can form a broad social sympathy on cultural products based on the present Korean image. K-pop is good material to use to share korean culture, and fans who are enthusiastic here are increasingly demanding cultural products. The visual materials of Bangtan Boys are collected from their album covers, and a concept book, and divided into specific and symbolic images. Based on this motif, three specific images: 'bulletproof vest', 'army house + superhero extract image', and 'Wings symbol', six designs were proposed. In addition, six motifs from the music videos for recent popular songs, 'Spring Day', 'Blood, Sweat and Tears' and 'Burning Up' were selected as symbolic images. Each selected image is divided into a normal line and a special line. The former is a relatively small, stable, and popular style, and the latter is a large, original, and bold style. By drawing and transforming extracted images and motifs using Adobe Illustrator CS6 and Adobe Photoshop CS6 program, a full-width umbrella design was developed. The messages that the Bangtan Boys wants to convey through their music are put into cultural products that contemporaries can sympathize with. By developing umbrellas, a variety of items and design goods can become desirable points of consumption as high-value products by domestic and foreign fandom. If designs that incorporate various elements of future K-pop contents as well as other Korean Wave contents are developed, it will be possible to develop original design products that will form global understanding.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.204-220
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• 2007

The background of Korean Ethnical Costume was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Costume Culture. Through the antique records and paintings of tombs bequests hereby describe the forms of Scythian Cotume (1) Headgear : There was Conical Cap(or Pointed Cap), Feathered Cap, and Crown. (2) Clothes : Both Men and Women wore Jacket as upper garment with leftsided collars, narrow sleeves to the length of the hip line. As lower garment, they wore the tight Trousers and Kungo(:窮袴)that was attached with gusset. (3) Belts and Boots : On the upper garment bound the leather Belts that was hanged a hook that was shaped of animal form at the end. Scythian Buckles was divided into six groups, animal-shaped, animal's head shaped, animal fight-shaped, rectangle-shaped, rectangle openwork-shaped, genre scene shaped Buckle. To the Boots, they wore leather boots. (4) Ornaments : Ornaments divided into Dress Trimming(:Gold plaques), Earrings, Necklaces(;Torques), Bracelets, Rings. Scythian Gold Plaques were divided into several types according to the shape, animal style(curved beast shape, profile shape, head reversed over its back shape), round shape, quadrilateral form, star shape, flower shape, crescent shape, bundle shape, human appearance. Earrings consisted of a plain ring and pendant ring was a middle ornament hung from it to a pendants which hung was made of heart shaped leaves of the tree, beads-linked. Scythian Torques were divided into several types according to the shape, Torque with Terminal style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crescent-shaped pectoral style, Crown style. Scythian Bracelet were divided into 4 styles according to the shape, Bracelets with ends shaped like beasts style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown with openwork style. Rings were rhomb-shaped and animal shaped styleRings (5) Animal motifs used in Scythian ornaments appears that in some cases the work was intended to be purely ornamental, while many times the motifs had symbolic meaning (such as the successful dominance of the aggressor over the victim portrayed in the attack scenes). Magical use of symbols may have been inten-ded to guarantee the power of the aggressor.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.10 no.1 s.19
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• pp.171-190
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to set up the objective standards of a space design for preschool children's room. In order to perform the above purpose, this study was organized into three sections. First, literature review to understand the relationship between preschool children's development and children's room, design elements and correlated variables of children's room. Second, survey research to seek a standard of children's room size, necessary furnitures, prefeerred colors and motifs. Third suggestions of objective and concrete alternative plan through the literature review and survey research. The major findings from the survey research were summarized as follows : 1) The mean size of contempory preschool children's room was 3.1 pyong and that of ldeal room was 4.7 pyong. 2) Necessary Furnitures with which more than two-thirds of parents want to furnish were bed, wardrobe, chest of drawers, toy shelves, toy boxes, book cases, chalkboard. Necessary furnitures for different ages were found to vary. For the age 2-5, the funitures for play were major, where as for the age 5-6, the furnitures for study were major. 3) The colors of contemporary preschool children's room were red, yellow, pink, blue, those of parent's favorites were Light colors(pink, skyblue, lemon yellow, Light green, Light purple). The rooms for boy were found with more cold colors, those for girl with more warm colors. 4) The motifs of contemporary preschool children's room were plants, lines, figures from cartoons of fairy tales. Boy's parents prefreerd space science and vehicles, while girl's parents preferred sky scenery and plants for their children's room.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.174-178
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• 2016

Simple sequence repeats (SSR), also referred to "microsatellites" consist of tandemly repeated short DNA sequence motifs and have been applied in various marker-based studies. SSRs were isolated and characterized from 'Heuktari' and 'Miso', which are major oyster mushroom cultivars in Korea, by genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The genome sizes of 'Heuktari' and 'Miso' were estimated to be 40.8 and 40.3 Mb, respectively, which are larger than those of other P. ostreatus species (PC9 and PC10) and smaller than those of P. eryngii (KNR2312P5). In total, 949 and 968 SSRs were found in the 'Heuktari' and 'Miso' genomes, respectively. Comparative analysis of five mushrooms including P. ostreatus var. florida (PC9 and PC15) and P. eryngii revealed that the number of SSRs in 'Heuktari' and 'Miso' were the highest among them. All mushrooms studied showed similar SSR distribution patterns. Tri-, hexa-, and octanucleotide motifs accounted for the top three fractions of all SSRs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.506-517
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• 2014

A bag is a daily article carried in one's hand or on one's shoulder for things as well as a fashion item. The functions of a bag were derived to include portability, decorativeness, brand identity, message communicability and cultural identity. Souvenir bags sold at a gallery or a museum are goods to maximize the cultural identity of a bag based on national emblems, exhibitions and characters as design motifs. Based on the typological analysis of souvenir bags showing cultural identity, this study developed a design with a motif of Hanbok from Korean traditional cultural content to develop a tote bag design that reveals Korean cultural identity. Under a traditional Hanbok motif colors, sizes and patterns were reinterpreted in a modern perspective. For such a research purpose, 8 kinds of tote bags were developed. A tote bag design that reflects Korean cultural identity will contribute to raising the potential to develop cultural goods that are modern, popular and differentiated in the global market.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.911-917
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• 2009

The apoptotic caspases have been classified in accordance with their substrate specificities, as the optimal tetrapeptide recognition motifs for a variety of caspases have been determined via positional scanning substrate combinatorial library technology. Here, we focused on two proteolytic recognition motifs, DEVD and IETD, owing to their extensive use in cell death assay. Although DEVE and IETD have been generally considered to be selective for caspase-3 and -8, respectively, the proteolytic cleavage of these substrates does not display absolute specificity for a particular caspase. Thus, we attempted to monitor the cleavage preference for caspase-3, particularly using the recombinant protein substrates. For this aim, the chimeric GST:DEVD:EGFP and GST:IETD:EGFP proteins were genetically constructed by linking GST and EGFP with the linkers harboring DEVD and IETD. To our best knowledge, this work constitutes the first application for the monitoring of cleavage preference employing the recombinant protein substrates that simultaneously allow for mass and fluorescence analyses. Consequently, GST:IETD:EGFP was cleaved partially in response to caspase-3, whereas GST:DEVD:EGFP was completely proteolyzed, indicating that GST:DEVD:EGFP is a better substrate than GST:IETD:EGFP for caspase-3. Collectively, using these chimeric protein substrates, we have successfully evaluated the feasibility of the recombinant protein substrate for applicability to the monitoring of cleavage preference for caspase-3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.70-83
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• 2013

Lately, cities have been trying to build a certain brand by using its identity and culture in public designs. Cities are using its public design to show its cultural identity and to differentiate itself from other cities so it is playing a significant role in establishing a city's overall image. Public uniform is used to reflect the symbolism and identity of the city, an image of the city's culture and is used as a means of communication for specialization. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop public uniform designs to build and strengthen the brand of Gwangju as Asia cultural hub city. Research presents a review of the literature including concept and type of a cultural city, correlativity between public design and urban competitiveness, domestic and foreign culture city branding case: focusing on Gwangju which is a cultural hub city in Asia, and then study sets up the development direction and motifs of uniform designs, and uniforms are designed by making use of the textile with symbols and logos, colors, and architectural motifs of Asian Culture Complex. Development ranges of uniforms were limited to Cultural Tourism Narrators and the Asian Culture Complex Advertisements staff uniforms, within the region of cultural tourism. Textile design, illustration, uniform simulation using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 and Adobe Illustrator CS 3 program is presented.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1615-1619
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• 2015

Background: Promoter hypermethylation mediated gene silencing of tumor suppressor genes is considered as most frequent mechanism than genetic aberrations such as mutations in the development of cancers. BRD7 is a single bromodomain containing protein that functions as a subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex to regulate transcription. It also interacts with the well know tumor suppressor protein p53 to trans-activate genes involved in cell cycle arrest. Loss of expression of BRD7 has been observed in breast cancers and nasopharyngeal carcinomas due to promoter hypermethylation. However, the genetic status of BRD7 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) is not known, although OSCC is one of the most common among all reported cancers in the Indian population. Hence, in the present study we investigated OSCC samples to determine the occurrence of hypermethylation in the promoter region of BRD7 and understand its prevalence. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA extracted from biopsy tissues of twenty three oral squamous cell carcinomas were digested with methylation sensitive HpaII type2 restriction enzyme that recognizes and cuts unmethylated CCGG motifs. The digested DNA samples were amplified with primers flanking the CCGG motifs in promoter region of BRD7 gene. The PCR amplified products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis along with undigested amplification control. Results: Methylation sensitive enzyme technique identified methylation of BRD7 promoter region seventeen out of twenty three (74%) well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. Conclusions: The identification of BRD7 promoter hypermethylation in 74% of well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinomas indicates that the methylation dependent silencing of BRD7 gene is a frequent event in carcinogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the occurrence of BRD7and its high prevalence in oral squamous cell carcinomas.