• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.299-299
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• 2011

A dipolar interlayer can cause dramatic changes in the device characteristics of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) or photovoltaics. A shift in the threshold voltage, for example, has been observed in an OFET where the organic semiconductor active layer is deposited on SiO2 modified with a dipolar monolayer. Dipolar molecules can similarly be used to change the current-voltage characteristics of organic-inorganic heterojunctions. We have conducted a series of experiments in which different molecular linkages are placed between a pentacene thin film and a silicon substrate. Interface modifications with different linkages allow us to predict and examine the nature of tunneling through pentacene on modified Si surfaces with different dipole moment. The molecular-scale structure and the tunneling properties of pentacene thin films on modified Si (001) with nitrobenzene and styrene were examined using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Electronic interfaces using organic surface dipoles can be used to control the band lineups of a semiconductor at organic/inorganic interfaces. Our results can provide insights into the charge transport characteristics of organic thin films at electronic interfaces.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of glycoprotein extracted from carrot. We manufactured glycoprotein using natural vegetable raw materials carrots, and then analyzed it's physicochemical properties. The results showed that the nutritional composition of carrot glycoprotein (CG) consisted of 2.35% carbohydrate and 94.2% glycoprotein. There were small amounts of hydroxyproline and glycine known as characteristics of collagen peptide in the amino acid of CG, but there were large amount of glutamic acid and aspartic acid involved in the metabolism of glucose and fat. The calories of CG was 342.1 kcal/100 g and the molecular weight appeared less than 594 Da average molecular weight distribution.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37.1-37.8
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• 2022

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Objectives: In this study, the molecular characteristics of two extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing APEC isolates were compared with previously reported ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Methods: The molecular characteristics of E. coli isolates and the genetic environments of the ESBL genes were investigated using whole genome sequencing. Results: The two ESBL-producing APEC were classified into the phylogenetic groups C and B1 and ST410 and ST162, respectively. Moreover, the ESBL genes of the two isolates were harbored in different Inc plasmids. The EC1809182 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-55 gene on the plasmid, exhibited extensive homology to IncFIB (98.4%) and IncFIC(FII) (95.8%). The EC1809191 strain, harboring the bla_CTX-M-1 gene, was homologous to IncI1-I (Gamma) (99.3%). All chromosomes carried the multidrug transporter, mdf(A) gene. Mobile genetic elements, adjacent to CTX-M genes, facilitated the dissemination of genes in the two isolates, analogous to other ESBL-producing E. coli isolates. Conclusions: This study clarifies the transmission dynamics of CTX-M genes and supports strengthened surveillance to prevent the transmission of the antimicrobial-resistant genes to humans via the food chain.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.743-750
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• 2016

Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae) has generally been infected with a rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this report, we present morphological and molecular identification of N. brasiliensis by light and scanning electron microscopy and PCR amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and the protein sequences encoded by cox1 gene, respectively. Despite the use of N. brasiliensis in many biochemistry studies from India, their taxonomic identification was not fully understood, especially at the species level, and no molecular data is available in GenBank from India. Sequence analysis of cox1 gene in this study revealed that the present specimen showed close identity with the same species available in GenBank, confirming that the species is N. brasiliensis. This study represents the first record of molecular identification of N. brasiliensis from India and the protein structure to better understand the comparative phylogenetic characteristics.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.07a
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• pp.315-318
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• 1988

THE STUDY ABOUT CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTO RESIST ITSELF (MINIMUM RESOLUTION, DEPTH OF FOCUS MARGIN AND CRITICAL DIMENSION CONTROL LATITUDE) WAS DONE AND REPORTED. THREE TYPES OF PHOTO RESISTS WERE TESTED. THE FIRST IS THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT PHOTO-RESIST SHOWING THE NARROW DISTRIBUTION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT (LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CONTROL TYPE), THE SECOND IS A PHOTO-RESIST CONTAINING THE INNER CONTRAST ENCHANCEMENT MATERIAL (INNER CEM TYPE) AND THE THIRD IS A NORMAL PHOTO-RESIST (HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT TYPE). THE INNER CEM TYPE AND THE LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CONTROL TYPE PHOTO-RESIST ARE MORE IMPROVED PHOTO-RESISTS. IT PROVED THAT THE MINIMUM RESOLUTION WAS IMPROVED BY 0.2 - 0.3 um, THE DEPTH OF FOCUS MARGIN WAS IMPROVED BY 0.8 - 1.2 um AND THE C.D. CONTROL LATITUIDE WAS IMPROVED.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.2923-2943
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• 2021

The double helix structure of DNA makes it diverse, stable and can store information with high density, and these characteristics are consistent with the requirements of molecular communication for transport carriers. In this paper, a specific structure of molecular communication system based on DNA length coding is proposed. Transmitter (Tx) adopts the multi-layer golden foil design to control the release of DNA molecules of different lengths accurately, and receiver (Rx) adopts an effective and sensitive design of nanopore, and the biological information can be converted to the electric signal at Rx. The effect of some key factors, e.g., the length of time slot, transmission distance, the number of releasing molecules, the priori probability, on channel capacity is demonstrated exhaustively. Moreover, we also compare the transmission capacity of DNA-based molecular communication (DNA-MC) system and concentration-based molecular communication (MC) system under the same parameter setting, and the peak value of capacity of DNA-MC system can achieve 0.08 bps, while the capacity of MC system remains 0.025 bps. The simulation results show that DNA-MC system has obvious advantages over MC system in saving molecular resources and improving transmission stability.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.121-125
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of decision tree for the classification of antimicrobial peptides. The classification was based on the activities of known antimicrobial peptides against common microbes including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A feature selection was employed to select an effective subset of features from available attribute sets. Sequential applications of decision tree with 17 nodes with 9 leaves and 13 nodes with 7 leaves provided the classification rates of $76.74\%$ and $74.66\%$ against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Angle subtended by positively charged face and the positive charge commonly gave higher accuracies in both E. coli and S. aureusdatasets. In this study, we describe a successful application of decision tree that provides the understanding of the effects of physicochemical characteristics of peptides on bacterial membrane.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2006

We synthesized two novel polynorbornene derivatives, chiral poly(norbornene acid methyl ester) (C-PNME) and racemic poly(norbornene acid n-butyl ester) (R-PNME), which are potential low dielectric constant materials for applications in advanced microelectronic and display devices. Thin films of these polymers deposited on substrates were investigated by structural analyses using synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering, specular reflectivity and ellipsometry. These analyses provided important information on the structure, electron density gradient across film thickness, chain orientation, refractive index and thermal expansion of the polymers in substrate-supported thin films. The structural characteristics and properties of the thin films were first dependent on the polymer chain' tacticity and further influenced by film thickness and thermal annealing.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.780-783
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• 2013

Recently, it has been reported that low molecular weight laminarin had the enhanced biological activities. In this study, molecular structure of low molecular weight laminarin prepared by ionizing irradiation was studied. Low molecular weight laminarin samples of 13.5, 8.5, 7, and 6 kDa were obtained from 15 kDa laminarin by irradiation. From gel permeation chromatography data, low molecular weight laminarin was shown to have low polydispersity. To define the changes of functional groups in laminarin with different molecular weights, Fourier-transform infrared analysis was carried out. There was found no significant changes of functional groups in low molecular weight laminarin, except the increase of carbonyl group. The granular fissures from scanning electron microscopy showed the breakage of glycosidic bond in low molecular weight laminarin. These results could be utilized for the investigation of the enhanced biological activities of low molecular weight polysaccharides including laminarin.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.267-274
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• 2022

Molecular imaging is used to improve the disease diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment in living subjects. Numerous molecular targets have been developed for various cellular and molecular processes in genetic, metabolic, proteomic, and cellular biologic level. Molecular imaging modalities such as Optical Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Computed Tomography (CT) can be used to visualize anatomic, genetic, biochemical, and physiologic changes in vivo. For in vivo cell imaging, certain cells such as cancer cells, immune cells, stem cells could be labeled by direct and indirect labeling methods to monitor cell migration, cell activity, and cell effects in cell-based therapy. In case of cancer, it could be used to investigate biological processes such as cancer metastasis and to analyze the drug treatment process. In addition, transplanted stem cells and immune cells in cell-based therapy could be visualized and tracked to confirm the fate, activity, and function of cells. In conventional molecular imaging, cells can be monitored in vivo in bulk non-invasively with optical imaging, MRI, PET, and SPECT imaging. However, single cell imaging in vivo has been a great challenge due to an extremely high sensitive detection of single cell. Recently, there has been great attention for in vivo single cell imaging due to the development of single cell study. In vivo single imaging could analyze the survival or death, movement direction, and characteristics of a single cell in live subjects. In this article, we reviewed basic principle of in vivo molecular imaging and introduced recent studies for in vivo single cell imaging based on the concept of in vivo molecular imaging.