• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.219-239
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• 2012

In this age of convergence, a combinative nature of innovation is in need of revisiting. The innovation based on combination is named "combinative innovation" and defined operationally as the innovation that combines different modes of combinations. Five modes are characterized and the framework is applied to the case of CDMA mobile phone development of Samsung Electronics Company in the 1990s. The case study demonstrates the usefulness of the framework and the future direction of further elaboration of the framework.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-39
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• 2016

Despite the importance of university-industry collaboration, issues pertaining to the characteristics of collaborating firms, their modes of interaction, and the relationship between these modes and outcomes are not well-researched. The impact of country's development on these issues is also unclear. This case study examines Japan and Thailand-respectively representing developed and developing countries-and features the following key findings: 1) the characteristics of firms affect modes, with large Japanese firms being more collaborative with universities, whereas Thai SMEs significantly collaborate more with universities; 2) the relationship between modes in Thai firms is stronger than those of Japanese firms because in Thailand, perhaps due to weak technological capacity, R&D collaboration is conducted alongside university consultancy services; and 3) in Japan, R&D and human resource development collaboration lead to product innovation, whereas different outcomes are expected from different modes in Thailand. Apparently, trivial informal collaborations do have significant impact on innovation.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.20-42
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• 2014

The Brazil, Russia, India China and South Africa (BRICS) group has emerged as a collection of large economies which are outside the traditional groups of industrialised "first world" economies and which have altered the global distribution of economic power. The basis of their emergence is a combination of their size and growth rates, and the fact that they lie outside the established centres of global economic power. As such, they have "diversified" the power base of the global economic order. The question which is asked in this paper is whether the phenomenon of the BRICS goes beyond this to mark the start of a possible challenge to the neoliberal orthodoxy which emerged as the globally dominant policy paradigm since the collapse of the Soviet Union. This paper develops and uses a "modes of innovation" approach to explore the potential of the BRICS to constitute a structural rupture in the current globally dominant neoliberal mode of innovation. This question is important since, in the absence of this rupture, the remarkable development trajectory of the BRICS will serve to reinforce the legitimacy of the global orthodoxy. The paper first articulates the modes of innovation concept and then proceeds to locate the BRICS systems of innovation within the current globally dominant mode. On this basis it then provides an appraisal of the possible impact of the BRICS on the evolutionary path of the global system of innovation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-91
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• 2006

This paper discusses the potential to upgrade the Thai innovation system by university-industry linkages. Our results are structured into three parts. First, the identification of potentials for university-industry linkages (UIL) within the Thai innovation system shows that the re is a wide gap between absorptive capacities of private companies and knowledge production of universities. Second, we present survey results for individual departments at Thai universities showing that UIL are mostly limited to consulting and technical services, hampered by mutual distrust, and maintained to receive an extra personal income. Third, case studies on four typical modes of UIL allow us to discuss various ways to upgrade the Thai IS by UIL in future.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.148-173
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• 2002

This study examines the impact of the Internet on the organizational innovation. With the introduction of digital technology, the entire organizational process and structure is now being restructured. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework to help classify the organizational innovations and understand organizational innovation processes. This study suggests that the wide diffusion of digital technology has affected the modularization of the organizational routines and processes. The modularization of knowledge and organization give rise to a new organizational architecture, a modular architecture. In the Fordist regime, the characteristics of organizations were depicted as vertically integrated and tightly coupled system. The organizational processes and routines were tightly linked and integrated. However, the diffusion of Internet, which has a tendency to disassemble this tightly coupled system, has resulted in the emergence of loosely coupled and vertically disintegrated system. Eventually the modular architectures are emerging as a new organizational paradigm in the post-Fordist regime. In this study, the modes of organizational innovation is classified as follows. If the organizational innovation enhances both existing organizational components and tile tightly coupled architecture, it is incremental innovation (Mode 1): if it destroys both existing components and the tightly coupled architecture, it is radical innovation (Mode 4): however if only the tightly coupled architecture is transformed into the modular architecture and the codification of organizational component is enhanced, the innovation is architectural (Mode 3). The last one is component innovation (Mode 2), in which existing organizational components are destroyed but tightly coupled architecture is enhanced. It is argued that the organizational innovation process follows Mode I$\longrightarrow$ Mode II $\longrightarrow$ Mode III $\longrightarrow$ Mode IV in order.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2010

Over the last decade, some Korean enterprises have emerged to become global players in their specialized products. How have they achieved such tremendous technological progress in a short period of time? This paper explores that question by examining the characteristics of technological innovation activities at major Korean enterprises. The paper begins with a brief review of the stages of economic growth and science and technology development in Korea. Then, the existing literature, explaining the Korean innovation model, is analyzed in order to establish a new framework for the Korean innovation model. Specifically, Korean firms have experienced three sequential phases, and thus, the Korean model, at the firm level, can be coined as "path-following," "path-revealing," and "path-creating." Then, the stylized facts in the first phase (path-following) and the second phase (path-revealing) are discussed, in the context of empirical evidence from the areas of memory chips, automobiles, shipbuilding, and steel. In terms of technology development, the Korean model has evolved as "collective learning" in the first phase, "collective recombination" of existing knowledge and technology in the second phase, and is assumed as "collective creativity" in the third phase. Ultimately, all three can be classified as "collective creation". Korean firms now face a transition in the modes of technological innovation in order to efficiently implement the third phase. To achieve remarkable progress again, as they did in the past, and to sustain the growth momentum, Korean firms should challenge new dimensions such as creative technological ideas, distinctive technological capabilities, and unique innovation systems -- all of which connote 'uniqueness'. Finally, some lessons from the Korean technological innovation experience are addressed.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-144
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• 1999

Recently, knowledge management(KM) has attracted increasing attention from academicians and practitioners alike. Amongst others, technological knowledge(TK) is considered principal asset of KM and R,&D organization of private firms selves as primary actor of KM. It is also noted that the notion of sectoral pattern of innovation highlights idiosyncratic differences across industrial sectors in terms of TK management. That is, knowledge contents, knowledge generation and How pattern are considerably different among industries. This paper first analyzes the correlation between structural of R&D organization and industrial(sectoral) type to identify the dominant structure of R&D organization for each industry. Second, sector-specific architectures of TK management system are proposed. According to structural characteristic of R&D-organization type, test-practice forms of TK management system are suggested in terms of such factors as knowledge contents(technology information), knowledge generation activities, and knowledge storage/retrieval modes.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

Purpose - The development of Anhui high-tech industry is the key to transforming the mode of economic development and optimizing the industrial structure. Research design, data, and methodology - The data of paper that is the data of Anhui province and the six provinces of central China from 2010 to 2015, which analyzed the present situation of High-tech industry in Anhui Province by means of data comparison and literature analysis, and then explored several possible modes of undertaking. Results - With the analysis of the current situation of the development of high-tech industry in Anhui Province, several possible modes for undertaking the transfer of high-tech industries in Anhui Province were explored: The mode of undertaking of Leading Enterprises + Industrial park, the mode of undertaking of differentiated development + Regional comprehensive exploitation and the mode of undertaking "Dynamic industrial Chain" + industrial cluster. Conclusions - Based on the perspective of industrial upgrading, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of Anhui Province in the traditional mode of undertaking industrial transfer and expounds the inherent requirements of innovation industry undertaking. Finally, on the basis of the above analysis, the author explored three possible modes of acceptance.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.71-98
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• 1998

This paper analyzes the characteristics of technological knowledge flow-structure of Korean manufacturing in dynamic perspective. In doing that, the concept of the knowledge network is introduced which is defined as a set of industries and their interaction(knowledge flow) or linkage. The analysis of the inter-industrial knowledge flows is based on the technological similarity by using R&D researchers' academic background in the year of 1984, 1987, 1990. The analysis is carried out by such methodology as network analysis, indicator analysis and simple statistical analysis. And the final results are drawn both in absolute terms(dimension effect) and in relative terms(proportion effect) respectively. The main findings are as follow. First, the Korean manufacturing knowledge network appears to strengthen existing inter-industrial knowledge linkages rather than to construct new linkages. Second, the network seems to form a dualistic structure in that some high-technology sectors(knowledge production sectors) emerge along with traditional sectors(knowledge absorbing sectors). Third, since the mid-1980s, an inter-industrial fusion is witnessed among technologically intensive sectors, indicating that some sophisticated innovation modes are emerging in Korean manufacturing system. And fourth, by using the relations of the inter-industrial knowledge-flows, we classified manufacturing industries into 3 type ; knowledge-outflow sector, knowledge-inflow sector and knowledge intermediary sector.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.133-158
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• 1997

This paper analyzes the characteristics of technological knowledge flow-structure of Korean manufacturing in dynamic perspective. In doing that, the concept of the knowledge network is introduced which is defined as a set of industries and their interaction(knowledge flow) or linkage. The analysis of the inter-industrial knowledge flows is based on the technological similarity by using R&D researchers'academic background in the year of 1984, 1987, 1990. The analysis is carried out by such methodology as network analysis, indicator analysis and simple statistical analysis. And the final results are drawn both in absolute terms(dimension effect) and in relative terms (proportion effect) respectively. The main findings are as follow. First, the Korean manufacturing knowledge network appears to strengthen existing inter-industrial knowledge linkages rather than to construct new linkages. Second, the network seems to form a dualistic structure in that some high-technology sectors (knowledge production sectors) emerge along with traditional sectors (knowledge absorbing sectors). Third, since the mid-1980s, an inter-industrial fusion is witnessed among technologically intensive sectors, indicating that some sophisticated innovation modes are emerging in Korean manufacturing system.