• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-157
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• 2020

The medical tourism industry, a convergence of medical services and tourism, has been getting more and more popularity as a new value-added industry in the 21st century. Accordingly, the number of professional workers within this industry has been increasing, and the role of educational institutions to cultivate well-equipped human resources has also become critical. However, compared to practically activated medical tourism-related education programs, studies investigating the effectiveness of these education programs are relatively rare. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of five dimensions of medical tourism education service quality (i.e., tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) on learners' education satisfaction and transfer of education training. In addition, the moderating roles of national relations as well as organizational characteristics (i.e., transfer climate and support of supervisors and colleagues) in the relationship between education satisfaction and transfer of education training are further verified. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) using 151 samples from respondents with experience in completing medical tourism education programs reveal that tangibles, reliability, and assurance are found to have a significant impact on education satisfaction, which in turn leads to a high level of transfer of education training. Moreover, it is found that national relations and support of supervisors and colleagues play a moderating role. This study would provide guidelines for improving the efficiency of educational institutions, creating outcomes for learners' affiliated firms (e.g., hospitals), and promoting medical tourism at the national level from the perspective of medical tourism education.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

Author analyzed the relationship among job stressors, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of police officials. And the Author analyzed the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between job stressors, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. First, I found that job stressors associated with characteristics of the job or the organization affect job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Job stressors significantly affecting job satisfaction were found to be perceived uncontrol and role ambiguity. Second, the job satisfaction's impact on organizational commitment in the impact relationship was significantly very large. Third, despite the role overload, the group with a high social support had a high job satisfaction. In addition, if there is high level of social support, job satisfaction could significantly increase organizational commitment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2011

This research is the ever first trial to demonstrate how consumer perceives price fairness of airfare. That, I did research on airline's flexible price changes and its effects on consumer's perceiving price fairness, proved the causality between before and after of airline service experience and examined the interest in moderating role of airline service. In addition to this, you also can see a markdown can have effects on consumer's perceiving price fairness. The main results are: Perceived price fairness before experience airline service had positive effects on perceiving price as fair. Since the direction of perceived price fairness coincides with in the context of the consumer's experience, so the preliminarily evaluated fairness had positive effects on the post fairness acceptance. With the second result, when you see consumer's perceived price fairness beforehand service experience has effects on post service experience in perceiving price fairness, you see the activation of a markdown, in-flight service, after-flight service as moderating roles as they strengthen the tie between the two perception modes and exhibited interaction with the price fairness beforehand service experience the independent variable. As the last one, a markdown of airfare had positive influence on consumer in perceiving price fairness. So, even if he/she becomes aware of overcharging, he/she will not pursue price being unfair. With these results, you can tell a markdown of airline service could have positive influence on both new and established consumers in the aspect of perceiving price fairness.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2014

The current study extends previous research by investigating the role of shopping experience and product type within the direction of online reviews and information reliability and product attitude. To test the hypotheses, this study conducted experimental designs. Direction of online reviews and product type were manipulated as between-subject factors. Then participants were classified into high or low group based on their shopping frequency. Dependent variable was information reliability and product attitude. The results indicate that direction of online reviews have a significant effect on both information reliability and product attitude. In addition, consumers' shopping experience also shows a moderating effect between the direction of online reviews and the dependent variables. Furthermore, product type also shows a moderating effect on the information reliability, yet not on the product attitude. The results of this study contribute to the literature as a new attempt to examine the direction of online reviews in the online shopping area. We also indicated the limitations of this study, and suggested the future research directions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2021

Purpose: Prior studies have sought to find antecedent to improve firm performance. However, research on compensation systems and employees' psychological mechanisms have been relatively limited. In this sense, this study has investigated the impact of compensation gap between TMT and employees on firm performance, and explored the factors that affect the above relationship. Specifically, this study analyzed the direct impact of compensation gap on firm performance. In addition, the process of compensation gap to firm performance is assumed to be significantly influenced by employees' recognized promotion system and satisfaction with TMT. Therefore, we examined moderating effects of both promotion probability and opportunity, and satisfaction with TMT on the relationship between compensation gap and firm performance. Methods: For empirical test, financial variables were collected from TS-2000 database, and moderating variables were collected form Job Planet for listed firms in Korea. We conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test hypotheses. Results: The findings of empirical analysis are as follows. First, compensation gap between TMT and employees had a positive effect on firm performance. Second, when promotion probability and opportunity was high, the effect of compensation gap on firm performance was strengthened. Third, when satisfaction with TMT was high, the positive effect of compensation gap on firm performance was also strengthened. Conclusion: Our findings have expanded prior research on human resource management and labor relation by identifying the positive role of compensation gap between TMT and employees on firm outcome. Moreover, our results also indicated that promotion probability and opportunity, and satisfaction with TMT, which has not been addressed well in previous studies, were important conditions enhancing the positive relationship between compensation gap and firm performance. Finally, this study suggest several theoretical and managerial implication with future research direction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.129-137
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the actual self congruity and the ideal self congruity on positive attitudes toward city through fictitious city brand experiments. Additionally, the moderating role of city brand personality in relationship between brand-self congruity and positive attitudes are examined. This research conducted a survey after developing scenarios of two city brand personality. Frequency analysis to identify the characteristics of respondents, t-test to check the experimental manipulation, multiple regression analysis and chow test for hypothesis testing were performed through the SPSS Statistics 21 program. The self congruity of city brand had significant effects on attitudes toward city, but the moderating role of city brand personality was not significant. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed and self congruity is an important variable in brand-consumer relationship in city brand. Finally, limitations of this study and future research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

According to the previous studies about relationship marketing, customers who have relationship with preferable brand or company take spontaneous word of mouth(WOM) and make more purchases than those who don't. Recently, as e-commerce has been combined with social media, many companies that are looking for solution which can promote customer relationship quality using social media. This study aims to investigate the role of customer's perceived value on brand relationship quality in social media. Although perceived value has been defined from many perspectives, we only consider "perceived social value" and "perceived emotional value" in this paper. According to social capital theory, self-esteem is an important variable when we explain the relationships. Thus this paper considers "self-esteem" as a moderating variable between relationship quality and relationship retention. To serve the research purpose, we collect 226 valid questionnaires from social media users. And we analyze data set and test research hypotheses by using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20. We expect that the result contain a lot of implication for both researchers and practitioners. Major findings from analyzing 226 valid questionnaires are as follows. First, when customer recognizes social value about brand or company, relationship quality with the brand or company has been improved. Second, when customer recognizes emotional value about brand or company, relationship retain intention with the brand or company has been improved. Third, self-esteem doesn't have moderating effect between relationship quality and relationship retention in social media.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2023

Purpose - Due to the outbreak and spread of COVID-19, companies have reduced their hiring needs in the short term, reducing employment opportunities for most university students and putting pressure on their employment since 2019. This study aims to improve university students' employment options and increase the possibility of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach - In this study, a research survey is conducted on 4-year Chinese university students who have received entrepreneurship education courses, and statistical tests are conducted using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 3.3 model 1. The main focus of the study is on the effects of risk perception and five personality factors on entrepreneurial intentions of Chinese university students and the effect of entrepreneurship education on the moderation of entrepreneurial intentions. Findings - The results of the study show that the risk perception of Chinese university students have a significant effect on the will to start a business. Five personality factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship education has a moderating role in the relationship between risk perception and entrepreneurial intention, and the entrepreneurship education support has a moderating role in the relationship between the influence of five personality factors and entrepreneurial intentions. Research implications or Originality - The results of the study reveal that Chinese university students' exposure to entrepreneurship education support positively influenced entrepreneurial intentions. Such results imply that university students gain information and knowledge related to entrepreneurship through the entrepreneurship education support, which leads to positive perceptions and motivation towards entrepreneurship.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.535-543
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• 2020

Investors from the whole world are looking for those stock markets that are less affected by interest rates. Pakistan is a good place to invest and the investors from the whole world are considering Pakistan for future ventures. The current study, therefore, aims to analyze the factors affecting investors' decision making in Pakistan with the interaction effect of locus of control. The primary data are gathered from 300 respondents. Structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) is used to analyze the interactions among variables. The study finds positive impact of availability and representative biases on investment decision making. The study could not find any moderating role of locus of control. The results imply that decisions made by Pakistani investors are driven by the most easily or currently available information and they trust on the information obtained from family and friends without any authentication and verification. One possible description of insignificant moderation effect of locus of control can be the sample traits used in the study, e.g., personal characteristics, that change from culture to culture. Another description of these findings may be the association between heuristic biases, including availability, representative and psychological biases and decision-making regarding investment is not personality specific.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examined the effect of the importance of selective attribute of HMR(Home Meal Replacement) on customers' satisfaction and repurchase intention which is rapidly increasing with the changes of demographic, social and cultural trends as well as the influence of on and offline shopping channel moderating role. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on the research of previous studies, it assumed the selection attributes of HMR products were price, convenience, menu, freshness. With 231 surveyed questionnaires, this study was conducted by AMOS 21.0 and the SEM(structural equation model) was used as statistical method for examining the hypotheses in this study. Results - The analysis showed that price, convenience, and freshness had a significant effect on satisfaction, whereas menu did not affect satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on repurchase intention was statistically significant. However, the results were different depending on the on and offline shopping channel for customers to buy HMR products. Price, menu and freshness are affected by online shopping, meanwhile convenience is more influenced by offline. Conclusions - This study analyzed the effect of selection attribute of HMR products on the satisfaction, repurchase intention, and the influence of each shopping channel, and provided practical implications.