• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 1998

It has been reported that 50~70% of child asthma, bronchial asthma in adult, and allergic rhinitis are caused by house dust mite. The antigen extracted from house dust mite has been used for effective treatment against allergic diseases and for clinical test. This house dust mite antigen has been entirely imported from abroad. However, the composition and content of all the antigen imported vary from a brand to other brand. Thus, we need to standardize the composition and content of the antigen by developing it domestically. We proceeded pre-clinically general pharmacological test and toxicological test that are required for the eventual human use by utilizing the house dust mite cultured in Korea. In order to obtain information on general pharmacological tests such as its toxic signs in tissues or organs which are mainly affected, we examined the effect of house dust mite on the tensions of the isolated tissues and heart rates of cardiac muscle by recording with force displacement transducer of polygragh (Glass Model 7). We determined lethality of antigen extracted from house dust mite in mice and guinea pigs. We examined acute and subacute toxicity by administrating house dust mite extract of 500, 100, 20 times of the expected clinical dose. In male and female mice and guinea pigs, given a sigle intraperitoneal dose of antigen, $LD_{50}$ values were over 5.0 $\textrm{m}{\ell}$/kg, respectively. In animals administrated with house dust mite, there were no significant change of clinical symptom, body weight, food consumption, water consumption, eye examinations, urinalysis, blood biochemistry, and histopathological examinations in any animals tested. We found no toxic effect of this house dust mite. These results show that the house dust mite cultured by us could be used in the development of medicine against allergic diseases caused by the antigen of house dust mite.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 1996

The production of interleukin-1(IL-1)and nitric oxide(NO) by cultured fibroblast cells of human nasal turbinate was revealed by biological assay respectively. The cells were incubated for various periods of time in the presence of staphyloccocal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1(TSST-1) and house dust mite(Dermatophagoides farinae, HDM), and the culture supernatants were harvested. There was a little difference in the activities of IL-1beta and the amount of NO produced by the cells when stimulated with 0.002-0.1$\mu$g/ml of TSSTO-1 and 0.02-1$\mu$g/ml of HDM. The shapes of the time course curves for the production of IL-1beta and NO by the cells were different. Groups stimulated with TSST-1 or HDM produced more IL-beta in 2 h than no exposure group(Control). A certain mixed group(TSST-1, 10ng+mite, 100 ng) continued to produce IL-1beta highly throughout the entire incubation period. The cells stimulated with TSST-1 or HDM produced more NO in 2 h and 6 h than that produced in the end of incubation(48 h). Also, the mixed groups were generally similar. There results suggest that induction of IL-1beta by a certain mixed condition(TSST-1+mite) in fibroblast cell in vivo may play a role in inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2002

Fowl red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is the most important ectoparasite affecting egg layers worldwide. More than 35 compounds have been used for fowl red mite control. Although some of them are efficient, several compounds are unsuitable in terms of food safety and environmental problems. Some compounds are efficient in theory but inadequate in practice. It is also expensive in material and labor to control effectively. Effective doses are very close to toxic doses and repeated treatment is required. Repeated, long term treatment of compounds on fowl red mite populations, may cause heritable resistance against the mites. In this study, antigenicity of fowl red mite and house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, were identified by SDS-PAGE, silver staining, Western blotting and ELISA to investigate immune effects against fowl red mite using somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite. By SDS-PAGE, silver staining and Western blotting, several common antigens (110, 60, 56, 49, 46 kDa) of both fowl red mite and house dust mite were recognized. To identify immune effect of somatic antigens of fowl red mite and house dust mite, sixty white leghorn broilers(1 week old) were used. Among sixty white leghorn broilers, twenty were immunized with fowl red mite somatic antigens(Group I), twenty immunized with house dust mite antigens(Group II), and twenty were control group without antigen(Group III), respectively. After immunization, it was identified that antibody titers were increased both in group and II. Then all groups were challenged with fowl red mites. After 2 months, measurements of body weights, packed cell volume(PCV), ELISA OD values and numbers of mites were significant(p<0.05). These results suggest that fowl red mite and house dust mite, which are easy to collect and maintain, can be good vaccine candidates against fowl red mite in chicken.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.689-696
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• 2003

Canine sarcoptic mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis) burrow usually in the stratum corneum of the skin of dogs and rabbits. Antigens from the burrowing mites induce cutaneous inflammatory reaction and humoral and cell-mediated immune response in the host. The effect of immunization induced by somatic antigens of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides spp.) has been evaluated to control the canine sarcoptic mite in this experiment. Twelve common antigens (187, 142, 126, 120, 109, 92, 80, 68, 51, 30, 25, 17 kDa) were found using SDS-PAGE with silver staining and Western blot between canine sarcoptic mite and house dust mite. In order to evaluate the immunologic effect of these common antigens 10 New Zealand white rabbits were divided as 4 groups such as negative control (group I), positive challenged control (group II), vaccinated (group III), and vaccinated-challenged (group IV) groups. Group II was artificially infested with about 1,000 canine sarcoptic mites and group III and IV were immunized with somatic antigens of house dust mite. In addition group IV was artificially infested with about 1,000 canine sarcoptic mites and group II, IV were treated with ivermectin. At the 8 weeks of the vaccination with common antigen, the antibody titers of all groups of II, III and IV had been increased. Both infestation score and live canine sarcoptic mite counts of group IV were lower than group III. Infestation score of group II become 0 by 2 weeks and group IV by 4 weeks after infestation. These results suggest that house dust mite, which is easy to culture in vitro, can be a vaccine candidate for protection of canine sarcoptic mite infestation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yijungtang(YJT) on atopic dermatitis in an in-vitro and in-vivo experiment using a RBL-2H3 mast cells and a NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse. Methods: In-vitro experiment, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression were evaluated by a real-time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA and transcription factor as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-kB by western blotting. In-vivo experiment, clinical skin score we evaluated by, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, cytokine level, total number of cell, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of auxiliary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue in NC/Nga mouse. Results: YJT decreased IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production and prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcription factors including GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Fos and NF-kB. YJT oral administration reduced the levels of skin severity scores. It also decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, histamine and IgE in the serum. It elevated IFN-gamma level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant but decreased. $CD3e^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$, $CCR3^+$ in the PBMCs, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$ in the ALN and $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mice were much improved by YJT oral administration. Conclusions: The anti-allergic activities of YJT may be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, through the regulation GATA-2, NF-AT2 and NF-kB transcription factors in mast cells. YJT would be regulate molecular mediators and immune cells which are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.167-167
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• 2021

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2007

Objective : We wished to examine closely effect that Kami-KangHwalSan medicines used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Materials and Methods : Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD has been unclear. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, a suitable animal model is required. We found that skin lesions, which were chnically and histologically very simlar to human AD, mite antigen-induced dermatitis on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin of inbred NC/Nga mice. Results and Conclusion : Kami-KangHwalSan medicines controlled CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, B220+/IgE+, and B220+/CD23+ revelation that an experiment that motive allergy immune reponse because an in vitro experiment stimulates splenocytes of a NC/Nga mouse same t1me by PWM, and interleukin-4, eotaxin 2, CCR3, TARC mRNA outturn that bear in splenocytes decreased remarkably by Kami-KangHwalSan medicines. Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by Kami-KangHwalSan medicines could know that Kami-KangHwalSan medicines can use usefully in allergy autoimmnune diease.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2007

Objective : We wished to examine closely effect that Kami-JeSeubUilYeongTang medicines used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Materials and Methods : Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. However, the exact etiology of AD has been unclear. To further explore the pathogenesis and treatment of AD, a suitable animal model is required. We found that skin lesions, which were clinically and histologically very similar to human AD, mite antigen-induced dermatitis on the face, neck, ears and dorsal skin of inbred NC/Nga mice. Result and Conclusion : Kami-jeseupwiryeongtang(JWRTK) medicines controlled CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, B220+/IgE+, and B220+/CD23+ revelation that an experiment that motive allergy immune reponse because an in vitro experiment stimulates splenocytes of a NC/Nga mouse same time by PWM, and interleukin-4, eotaxin 2, CCR3, TARC mRNA outturn that bear in splenocytes decreased remarkably by Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines. Th1 cell and Th2 cell observe to be shifted by secretion amount of IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ by Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines could know that Jeseupwiryeongtang-Kamibang(JWRTK) medicines can use usefully in allergy autoimmnune diease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : The diagnosis of allergic diseases in current oriental medicine is in the state of depending mainly on two factors: some distinctive symptoms and scientific 'opinions', MAST CLA test is also believed to be helpful in Oriental Medicine on making definite diagnosis of allergic diseases and identifying causative antigen. This study will address the clinical importance of MAST CLA test, the residential type of allergic patients and its distribution status, etc. Methods : From March of 2000 through September of 2003, tests were made in Oriental Medicine Hospital of Semyung University on sex, age, types of residence, allergic diseases and MAST CLA system for the patients who showed allergic symptoms and had been diagnosed so in other hospitals. Results : 1. Sex: Among 91 subjects, 38 of them were men, 53 of them were women. 2. Age group : 15.3% of them were in their 40s; 31.8% in 30s; 15.3% in 20s; 17.5% in 10s. 3. Residental type : A.P.T(51 of them, 56%), plain type of house(33 of them, 36.2%) and villa(7 of them, 7.6%). 4. Discases : Among the diseases, allergic dermatitis was most common(69 of them. 75.8%); allergic rhinitis(17 of them, 18.6%); and chronic and acute urticaria(4 of them, 4.3%) in order. 5. Among 91 subjects, 39 of them showed positive reaction to more than one type of antigens in MAST CLA test: 23 of them were men(60.5%); 16 of them. women(30.1%). 6. Among 91 subjects. 53 of them(58.2%) showed positive reaction to antibodies in MAST CLA test: 22 of them were men; 31 of them, women. 7. Antigen distribution order among 39 subjects who showed positive reaction in MAST CLA test: Mite-farinae, Mite-pterony, Housedust in men and women subjects alike.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.565-570
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• 2001

The diagnosis of swine sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis) was investigated by ELISA in order to replace current diagnostic methods such as skin scraping, scratching index, or lesion score of dermatitis. The current methods need many efforts and much times and cost much. They can not handle many samples simultaneously. Therefore, in this research we developed ELISA that can handle many samples at a time. The antigens of swine sarcoptic mite were isolated and examined by 12.5% SDS-PAGE and silver staining. The antigenicity of antigen was confirmed by Western blotting using the swine from the artificailly-infested swine with swine sarcoptic mite. The optical density (OD) values of the artificailly-infested positive sera and the naturally-infested positive sera of sows were measured and read in order to confirm the stability of antigens, the reproducibility and validity (sensitivity and specificity) of the manufactured ELISA of swine sarcoptic antigens. In above results, the developed ELISA would be possible to use the diagnostic tool of sarcoptic mange if OD values of piglets, fattening pigs and sows are interpreted reasonably and classified as mange-free and infested.