• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.967-977
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• 2023

Rubus crataegifolius (RC)는 장미과에 속하는 전통적인 아시아 약용 식물이다. RC 열매는 항산화 작용을 통해 성인병을 예방하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 RC 열매 추출물(RCex)이 비만과 비알코올성 지방간 질환(NAFLD)에 미치는 영향을 동물 모델을 통해 평가하였다. 28마리의 수컷 C57BL/6J 마우스에 8주간 비만을 유도한 후, 추출물을 8주간 경구 투여하였다. 그룹 1은 일반 대조군으로 표준사료를 섭취하였다. 그룹 2는 HFD 대조군으로, 그룹 3에는 심바스타틴(6.5 mg/kg/일)을, 그룹 4에는 RCex (200 mg/kg)을 투여하였다. RCex투여는 실험 마우스의 체중, 지방 조직, 간 무게를 감소시켰으며, 또한 지질 대사(ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL, HDL)를 포함한 생화학적 바이오마커를 개선하였다. AMPK의 활성화는 지방생성 유전자(LXR, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC1)의 발현을 감소시켰으며, RCex에 의한 CPT 활성 증진 효과를 검증하였다. RCex는 또한 에너지 소비 및 신진대사와 관련된 호르몬(adiponectin 및 leptin)의 혈장 수준에도 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, RCex가 HFD로 유도된 비만 mice의 포도당 불내성을 개선했음을 확인 하였다. RCex는 AMPK의 인산화를 통해 지방산 산화 및 지방산 합성을 조절함으로써 항비만 및 항NAFLD 효과를 가짐을 처음으로 입증하였다. 이는 R. crataegifolius가 비만 및 관련 NAFLD 예방에 좋은 보충제가 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2008

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure is the major cause of photoaging that causes skin wrinkling, roughness, dryness, laxity, and pigmentation. Recently, increasing efforts are being made to understand the relationship between foods and skin health. Ginsenosides are present in ginseng (Ginseng Radix Rubra) extract, and are known to have biomedical properties, such as, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether KTNG0345 prepared from red ginseng extracts delivered orally reduces skin wrinkling and ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced wrinkle formation in hairless mouse skin. KTNG0345 was administrated orally to the mice (5 times a week) during the period of UVB-irradiation (3 times a week) for 8 weeks at three different doses of 300 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg (w/v). UV doses were increased weekly by 1 MED (1MED = 75 $mJ/cm^2)$ up to 4 MED and then maintained at this level. After the 8-week administration period, it was found that orally administered KTNG0345 significantly inhibited UVB-induced wrinkle formation in a dose-dependent manner. Increases in skin thickness caused by UVB were prevented by KTNG0345. Moreover, it also significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -13 and MMP-9 expressional inductions by UVB. In addition, KTNG0345 was observed to prevent UVB-induced water loss of epidermis in hairless mouse skin. Our results demonstrate that orally administered KTNG0345 has anti-wrinkling effects in hairless mouse skin, and suggest that dietary red ginseng and herbal mixture may be considered a functional beauty food for preventing UVB-induced skin wrinkles.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 혈당강하 소재로서 가능성이 확인된 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물의 안전성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었었다. 마우스에 대한 급성경구독성을 평가하기 위해 체중 kg 당 최고 5g의 각 시험물질을 마우스 위에 직접 투여하여 48시간 동안 관찰 한 결과 모든 실험군에서 사망예가 관찰되지 않아 LD50 은 5g/kg B.W. 이상으로 계산되었으며, 임상 증상이나 체중에서도 유의할만한 소견이 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험의 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물은 마우스에 있어서 단기 급성 경구독성이나 부작용을 유발하지 않는 안전한 식품소재로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 GFPC와 잎새버섯 및 흰목이 추출 혼합물은 급성 독성이나 부작용을 유발하지 않아 임상사용의 가능성을 제시하여 주었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

This study was conducted to compare probiotic activities and physiological functions of Bifidobacterium longum Mk-G7 with weveral commercial and type strains of bifidobacteria. bif. longum MK-G7 showed the highest acid tolerance against HCl and acetic acid, whereas bif. infantis Y-1 showed the lowest acid tolerance and more than 4 log cycles of viable cell count decreased due to acid injuty. Viable cell counts of bifidobacteria strains decreased more than 1.5 log cycles owing to oxygen toxicity, with the exception of Bif. longum MK-G7, Bif. infantis Y-2, Bif. longum Y-3, Bif. longum Y-6, and Bif. longum RD-13 showed the highest bile tolerance, whereas Bif. longum MK-G7 showed a medium level of bile tolerance. Only Bif. longum MK-G7 howed much higher antibiotic resistance against both tetracycline and penicillin-G in the MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) level of 24.8 mg/I and 0.52mg/I, respectively. Bif longum Y-6, and Bif. bifidum ATCC 29539 showed more than 80% of anti-mutagenicity against NQO(4-nitroquinolinel-oxide). Since the production of cytokines such as $TNF(tumor necrosis factor)-{\alpha}$ and IL (interleukin)-6, and NO(nitric oxide) in the macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 cells increased as Bif. longum MK-G7 cell concentration increased, ti was suggested that Bif. longum MK-G7 is able to enhance immunopotentiating activity in vitro. When freeze-dred Bif. longum MK-G7 was administered to mice at the dose of 1,2,4, and 6 g/kg of body weight, all of the mice survived in all feeding groups, proving the GRAS(generally recognized as safe) status of Bif. longum MK-G7. When fermented milk containing Bif. longum MK-G7 was administered to human volunteers, viable cell count of total bifidobacteria and anaerobes in the feces increased up to 0.5 log cycles more than before the administration. In particular, Bif. logum MK-G7 ingibited the growth of Bacteroides at the level of 1.0-1.5 log cycles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2001

Enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for a rapid detection of fungi, Aspergillus and Penicillium genera in food, were developed and their efficiencies were approved by detecting artificially contaminated agricultural commodities. Mice were immunized with partially purified Aspergillus flavus extracellualr polysaccharide (EPS) and lymph node cells of the mice were fused with the myeloma cells for production of monoclonal antibodies. Mab 1G11, one of the antibodies, was selected and purified. A sandwich ELISA was established and its detection limit toward A. flavus EPS was 1mg/ml. Among the 59 strains tested (including 18 species of Aspergillus, 16 of Penicillium, 11 of Fusarium, 1 of Absidia, 2 of Alternaria, 2 of Candida, 2 of Cladosporium, 2 of Geotrichum, 2 of Mucor, 2 of Rhizopus, 1 of Trichoderma), species of Aspergillus and penicillium had a high reactivity with Mab 1G11 even up to 10,000 times dilution of culture broths. The other genera except Cladosporium resinae showed no reactivity, thus Mab 1G11 was specific to the genera of Aspergillus and Penicillium. The epitope of A. flavus EPS against monoclonal Mab 1G11 was on the carbohydrate moiety when 1 to 100$\mu g/g$ A. flavus EPS were put into rice, potato, and mandarin orange, the average recoveries detected by sandwich ELIA were 123, 59, and 76%, respectively. Correlation was found to be linear between the EPS, and mycelium of A. flavus and Penicillium citrinum grown in a liquid medium (r=0.87 and 0.96), and also between the EPS and colony forming unit in solid media of rice of potato (r=0.91-0.99).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2010

Osteoporosis was traditionally defined by the occurrence of nontraumatic fractures, especially of the spine, in the setting of low bone mass. Bisphosphonates are an important group of therapeutic agents for the management of osteoporosis, as they inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density, thereby potentially decreasing fracture risk. Risedronate sodium is a bisphosphonate class used by oral formulation. In this study, risedronate was transdermally delivered by iontophoresis. Effects of polarity, pH, current density, and drug concentration were studied using a side-by-side diffusion cell including the hairless mice skin. In addition we studied effect of enhancers. The flux was evaluated by HPLC/UV system. The amount of transported drug under iontophoretic delivery was approximately 186 fold higher than that under passive delivery. Flux was proportional to the increase of drug concentration and current density. The flux was observed about 0.68mg/$cm^2$ when the amout of Propyleneglycol monolaurate (PGML) used 1% as enhancer. Results indicated that iontophoresis is an effective method for transdermal administration of risedronate sodium

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented $A{\beta}$ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and $A{\beta}$ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$ (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating ${\beta}$-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of red doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum, RD) prepared by repeated steaming and drying process in the immune-suppressed mice induced by pre (RD-A) or post-treatment (RD-B) with cyclophosphamide. The immune-stimulating effects of ethanol RD extract in in vivo at 150 (RD-1) and 300 mg/kg body weight (RD-2) for RD-A and RD-B groups were measured and compared to the NC group supplied with distilled water only or positive control group. After 14 days of oral supplement, serum IgA, IgG, and cytokine levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and gene expression of cytokines were measured as immune related biomarkers. Serum IgA, IgG, IL-1β, and IL-12 levels increased in both RD-A and RD-B groups while serum TNF-α level decreased in RD-A group compared to the NC group. Splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ) expression levels were also improved by RD supplement in the both groups. The RD showed more significant immunomodulatory effects at higher dose (RD-2) rather than the lower dose (RD-1). Thus, RD has an immune efficacy in a dose dependent manner and can be used as an immune stimulating source to improve immunity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2020

For control of brucellosis in small ruminants, attenuated B. melitensis Rev1 is used but it can be virulent for animals and human. Based on these aspects, it is essential to identify potential immunogens to avoid these problems in prevention of brucellosis. The majority of OMPs in the Omp25/31 family have been studied because these proteins are relevant in maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane but their implication in the virulence of the different species of this genus is not clearly described. Therefore, in this work we studied the role of Omp31 on virulence by determining the residual virulence and detecting lesions in spleen and testis of mice inoculated with the B. melitensis LVM31 mutant strain. In addition, we evaluated the conferred protection in mice immunized with the mutant strain against the challenge with the B. melitensis Bm133 virulent strain. Our results showed that the mutation of omp31 caused a decrease in splenic colonization without generating apparent lesions or histopathological changes apparent in both organs in comparison with the control strains and that the mutant strain conferred similar protection as the B. melitensis Rev1 vaccine strain against the challenge with B. melitensis Bm133 virulent strain. These results allow us to conclude that Omp31 plays an important role on the virulence of B. melitensis in the murine model, and due to the attenuation shown by the strain, it could be considered a vaccine candidate for the prevention of goat brucellosis.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

Cephalexin, one of most widely prescribed cephalosporin, has been reported to cause acute renal failure as a side effect in human and experimental animals. Although numerous animal studies have been reported for the cephalosporin nephrotoxicity, the molecular and cellular nephrotoxic mechanisms of cephalexin are still unknown. This investigation evaluated the time-dependent gene expression profile of kidney in mouse during cephalexin induced nephrotoxicity. C57BL/6 female mice were administered either saline or 1,000 mg/kg cephalexin intraperitoneally. Mice were sacrificed at 3, 6, and 24 hr after administration. Blood biochemical and histopathological results indicated cephalexin induced nephrotoxicity. Microarray experiment carried out using Affymetrix $GeneChip^{(R)}$. There were 198 informative genes that were significantly expressed >5-fold versus control at 3, 6, and 24 hr (p<0.01), of which 156 and 42 were up-and down-regulated, respectively. Major classes of up-regulated genes at 3, 6 hr included those involved in MAPK/Jak-STAT signaling pathway and immune response such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and complement and coagulation cascades. At 24 hr, up-regulated genes were mainly involved in regeneration/repair and immune response; down-regulated genes were generally associated with transporters and intermediary metabolism. Among the up-regulated genes at 24 hr, several potential biomarkers on nephrotoxicity such as Kim-1, Fga, Timp1, and Slc34a2 were clustered in a same category. In addition, Tnfrsf12a and Lcn2 which were consistently up-regulated (>5 fold) were also included as potential biomarkers. These results may provide clues for elucidating the mechanism of cephalexin induced nephrotoxicity and evaluating potential biomarkers to assess nephrotoxicity.