• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

1. 연구목적(硏究目的) 이제마(李濟馬) 선생께서 함흥에서 의업(醫業)을 열어 사상의학(四象醫學)을 제창한 지 100여 년이 지났으나 이제마(李濟馬) 선생께서 쓰신 약물(藥物)에 대한 연구(硏究)가 아직 정립(定立)이 되지 않아 기존(旣存)의 음양오행론적(陰陽五行論的) 관점(觀點)에서 사상(四象) 처방(處方)을 쓰고 있는 것이 현실이다. 이 론고(論考)는 소양인(少陽人)의 대표적 약물인 석고(石膏)를 "동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)"에서 이병증약(裏病證藥)이라고 규정하면서도 비수한표한병증(脾受寒表寒病證) 처방(處方)에도 사용되는 예가 있어 표이병증(表裏病症)에서 쓰이는 용례(用例)와 올바를 수치법(修治法), 귀경(歸經), 소양인(少陽人)의 한열병증(寒熱病症)에서의 역할을 살펴보아 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病)에서 사용된 석고(石膏)의 운용(運用) 정신(精神)을 살펴보고자 하였다. 2. 연구방법(硏究方法) 역대(歷代) 본초(本草) 의서(醫書)와 동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에 나타남 기존(旣存) 음양오행론적(陰陽五行論的) 관점(觀點)에서 석고(石膏)의 본초론적(本草論的) 의미를 살펴보고 동의수세보원(東醫壽世保元)의 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病)의 망음증(亡陰證) 처방(處方)에서 석고(石膏)가 포함된 처방(處方)인 형방사백산(荊防瀉白散)과 저령동전자탕(猪笭東前子湯)과 같은 망음증(亡陰證) 처방(處方)이면서 석고(石膏)가 들어가지 않은 골석고삼탕(滑石苦參湯)과 형방지황탕(荊防地黃湯)의 두 처방군(處方群)을 비교하여 석고(石膏)가 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(碑受寒表寒病)에 쓰이게 된 운용(運用) 정신(精神)을 살펴보고 소양인(少陽人) 이병증(裏病證)에서 석고(石膏)의 효능(效能)과 작용(作用) 부위(部位)를 살펴보아 소양인(少陽人) 한열병증(寒熱病證)에서의 석고(石膏)의 효용(效用)에 대해 알아보았다. 3. 고찰(考察) 및 결과(結果) 이상의 과정을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 석고(石膏)의 수치법(修治法)은 감초수비(甘草水飛), 화가(火假)의 방법이 있으나 소양인약(少陽人藥)은 포, 자(炙), 초(炒), 법(法)을 사용하지 않고 소양인(少陽人) 병증(病症)에서의 석고(石膏)의 효용이 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)하는 기능이 강하므로 생석고(生石膏)를 감초수비(甘草水飛)하여 연세(硏細)하여 사용하는 것이 적절하다. 2. 석고(石膏)가 표병증약(表病證藥)인 형방사백산(荊防瀉白散)과 저령동전자탕(猪笭東前子湯)에 사용되는 양병(養病)이 같이 겸하여 표양겸병(表養兼病)에 청양열이강표음(淸養熱而降表陰)하는 치법(治法)에 사용되는 것이다. 3. 소양인(少陽人) 비수한표한병(脾受寒表寒病) 중에 망음증(亡陰證)은 신열두통설사(身熱頭痛泄瀉)의 망음(亡陰)과 신한복통설사(身寒腹痛泄瀉)의 망음증(亡陰證)으로 구별되며 신열두통설사(身熱頭痛泄瀉)의 망음증(亡陰證)에만 석고(石膏)가 쓰이게 되며 설사(泄瀉)의 유무(有無)와는 관계없이 신열두통(身熱頭痛)의 증장(證狀)으로 망음증(亡陰證)으로 전변(轉變)되는 증상(證狀)이 있을 때는 석고(石膏)를 사용하게 된다. 4. 석고(石膏)는 화열병증(火熱病證)으로 양화(陽化)되기 쉬운 소양인(少陽人)의 체질적(體質的) 특징(特徵)을 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)의 작용으로 소양인(少陽人) 보명지주(保命之主)인 음청지기(陰淸之氣)를 도와주는 대표적인 약물이다. 5. 석고(石膏)의 작용(作用) 부위(部位)는 중상초(中上焦) 부위(部位)인 위국(胃局)으로 위국(胃局)의 모양(耗陽)을 청열사화(淸熱瀉火)하여 소양인(少陽人) 이병증(裏病證)의 대전제(大前提)인 대변폐(大便閉)의 증상을 해소하여 청양(淸陽)을 상달(上達)시키는 작용을 한다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2001

Introduction: Noises in the ear, whether real or imagined, are called tinnitus. Subjective causes of tinnitus(which is heard only by the patient) are extremely common and the majority of them are treated conservatively. For certain individuals their tinnitus is a major handicap; for others a trivial concern. The most common from of subjective tinnitus is a rushing, hissing or buzzing noise; it is frequently associated with sensorineural heanng loss. The patient may be unaware of the hearing loss, especially if it is a high frequency deficit of moderate severity. The character of the tinnitus may give a clue to the etiology. But the patient often has difficulty in explaining his/her tinnitus in absolute terms, as they have no other tinnitus with which to compare it but their own Tinnitus, like pain, is a subjective state and trying to objectively assess the severity is problematic. Audiological techniques to match subjective loudness to machine-produced noise may offer some help, in that sound intensity matches can bear little correspondence to subjective complaint. In spite of many studies, most patients presently seen complaining of tinnitus are told by their doctors that there is no treatment and that they will have to learn to live with this symptom. Objectives: To perform a clinical analysis of tinnitus and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment according to the Byeonjeung(辨證). Subject: We studied 34 patients with complaints of tinnitus who had visited Pundang Cha Oriental Medicine Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology from March 1998 to February 2000. All of them had been treated 2 or 3 times a week with acupuncture treatment and had taken herbs according to the Byeonjeung(辨證) method. It was therefore possible for me to know whether their symptoms improved or not. Parameters Observed and Method: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometimes we gave them moxibustion or negative therapy with bloodletting at the acupuncture points(耳門, 聽宮, 聽會). Parameters Observed 1) Distribution of age & sex 2) Chief complaints 3) The sites of tinnitus 4) The quality of tinnitu 5) The duration of disease 6) The problem induced tinnitus 7) Factors increasing disease severity 8) The classification of the Byeonjeung(辨證) 9) The efficacy of treatments Results: 1. Age and sex distribution: The most common occurrence was found in males in their twenties: 6 males($17.7\%$), and in females in their thirties and over sixty: 8 females($23.5\%$). Total patient numbers for men and women were 20 men($58.8\%$), 14 women ($41.2\%$). 2. The most frequent major complaints were hearing disturbances related to tinnitus; and dizziness with tinnitus; each comprising 10 cases($29.4\%$). There were also 7 patients($20.6\%$) with only tinnitus. 3. Tinnitus sites: 13($38.2\%$) said that they felt tinnitus in both ears, equally. In the right ear, 9($26.5\%$), in the left, 6($17.7\%$). 4. The most frequent descriptive symptoms of tinnitus were: humming, hissing, buzzing etc. 5. The duration of disease. 14cases($41.2\%$) had a duration of less than 1 year. 6. 15cases($44.1\%$) complained that it was hard to watch TV or make a phone call because of tinnitus. 10 cases($29.4\%$) complained about depression. 7. Factors increasing severity of tinnitus: ⅰ) fatigue: 18cases($52.9\%$) ⅱ) stress/ tension: 10 cases($29.4\%$) ⅲ) alcohol and tobacco: 5cases($l4.7\%$) 8. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 19 cases($55.9\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. ⅱ) 15 cases($44.l\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The deficiency of Qi was 7($20.6\%$), deficiency of Xue, 8($23.5\%$) and insufficiency of the Kidney Yin & Yang, 4($11.8\%$). The flare of Liver fire was 8($23.5\%$) and phlegm-fire, 7($20.6\%$), 9. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 17cases($50.0\%$); no real improvement or changes in 13 cases($38.2\%$); and some worsening in 4 cases($11.8\%$). In the group with deficiency in Qi, 4($57.1\%$) improved, 1($14.3\%$) showed no change and 2($28.6\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of deficiency in Xue, 6($75.0\%$) improved, 2($25.0\%$) showed no change. In the cases of insufficiency of Kidney Yin & Yang, 3($75.0\%$) showed no change and 1($25.0\%$) were aggravated. In the group of flare of Liver fire, 4($50.0\%$) improved, 3($37.5\%$) no change and 1($12.5\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of phlegm-fire, 3($42.9\%$) improved, 4($57.1\%$) showed no change. Conclusion: We would recommend that any further studies of tinnitus utilize trial treatments of longer than 2 months duration, as any positive effects observed in our study showed that improvement occurred fairly slowly. And we suggest that this study could be utilized as a reference for clinical Oriental Medical treatment of tinnitus. If we try to apply music or sound therapy treatment properly combined with ours, we expect it to provide psycological stability in addition to inducing masking effects, even though it may not directly decrease or completely remove tinnitus.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.595-646
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• 2000

I. Introduction Bi(痺) means blocking. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. says that Bi is combination of PungHanSeup. And many doctors said that BiJeung is caused by food, fatigue, sex, stress and change of weather. Therefore we must treat BiJeung by character of patients and characteristic of the disease. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. So I studied ${\ll}Bijeungjujip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision 1. JoGeumTak(趙金鐸) devided BiJeung into Pung, Han, Seup and EumHeo, HeulHeo, YangHeo, GanSinHeo by charcter or reaction of pain. And he use DaeJinGyoTang, GyegiGakYakJiMoTang, SamyoSan, etc. 2. JangPaeGyeu(張沛圭) focused on division of HanYeol(寒熱; coldness and heat) in spite of complexity of BiJeung. He also used insects for treatment. They are very useful for treatment of BiJeung because they can remove EoHyeol(瘀血). 3. SeolMaeng(薛盟) said that the actual cause of BiJeung is Seup. So he thought that BiJeung can be divided into PungSeup, SeupYeol, HanSeup. And he established 6 rules to treat BiJeung and he studied herbs. 4. JangGi(張琪) introduced 10 prescriptions and 10 rules to cure BiJeung. The 1st prescription is for OyeSa, 2nd for internal Yeol, 3rd for old BiJeung, 4th for Soothing muscles, 5th for HanSeup, 6th for regular BiJeung, 7th for functional disorder, 8th for YeolBi, 9th for joint pain and 10th for pain of lower limb. 5. GangSeYoung(江世英) used PungYeongTang(風靈湯) for the treatment of PungBi, OGyeHeukHoTang(烏桂黑虎湯) for HanBi, BangGiMokGwaTang(防己木瓜湯) for SeupBi, YeolBiTang(熱痺湯) for YeolBi, WoDaeRyeokTang(牛大力湯) for GiHei, HyeolPungGeunTang(血楓根湯) for HyeolHeo, ToJiRyongTang(土地龍湯) for the acute stage of SeupBi, OJoRyongTang(五爪龍湯) for the chronic stage of SeupBi, and so on. 6. ShiGeumMook(施今墨) devided BiJeung into four types. They are PungSeupYeol, PungHanSeup, GiHyeolSil(氣血實) and GiHyeolHeo(氣血虛). And he introduced the eight rules of the treatment(SanPun(散風), ChukHan(逐寒), GeoSeuP(, CheongYeol(淸熱), TongRak(通絡), HwalHyeol(活血), HaengGi(行氣), BoHeo(補虛)). 7. WangYiYou(王李儒) explained the acute athritis and said that it can be applicable to HaneBi(行痺). And he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍蘂知母湯) for HanBi and YeolBiJinTongTang(熱痺鎭痛湯) for YeolBi. 8. JangJinYeo(章眞如) said that YeolBi is more common than HanBi. The sympthoms of YeolBi are severe pain, fever, dried tongue, insomnia, etc. And he devided YeolBi into SilYeol and HeoYeol. In case of SilYeol, he used GyeoJiTangHapBaekHoTang(桂枝湯合白虎湯) and in case of HeoYeol he used JaEumYangAekTang(滋陰養液湯). 9. SaHaeJu(謝海洲) introduced three important rules of treatment and four appropriate rules of treatment of BiJeung. 10. YouDoJu(劉渡舟) said that YeolBi is more common than HanBi. He used GaGamMokBanGiTang(加減木防已湯) for YeolBi, GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang or GyeJiBuJaTang(桂枝附子湯) for HanBi and WooHwangHwan(牛黃丸) for the joint pain. 11. GangYiSon(江爾遜) focused on the internal cause. The most important internal cause is JeongGiHeo(正氣虛). So he tried to treat BiJeung by means of balance of Gi and Hyeol. So he ususlly used ODuTang(烏頭湯) and SamHwangTang(三黃湯) for YeolBi, OJeokSan(五積散) for HanBi, SamBiTang(三痺湯) for the chronic BiJeung. 12. HoGeonHwa(胡建華) said that to distinguish YeolBi from Hanbi is very difficult. So he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang in case of mixture of HanBi and YeoBi. 13. PiBokGo(畢福高) said that the most common BiJeung is HanBi. He usually used acupuncture with medicine. He followed the theory of EumYongHwa(嚴用和)-he focused on SeonBoHuSa(先補後瀉). 14. ChoiMunBin(崔文彬) used GeoPungHwalHyeolTang(祛風活血湯) for HanBi, SanHanTongRakTang(散寒通絡湯) for TongBi(痛痺), LiSeupHwaRakTang(利濕和絡湯) for ChakBi(着痺), CheongYeolTongGyeolChukBiTang(淸熱通經逐痺湯) for YeolBi(熱痺) and GeoPungHwalHyeolTang(祛風活血湯) for PiBi(皮痺). 15. YouleokSeon(劉赤選) introduced the common principle for the treatment of BiJeung. He used HaePuneDeungTang(海風藤湯) for HaengBi(行痺), SinChakTang(腎着湯), DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯) for TongBi(痛痺), TongPungBang(痛風方) for ChakBi(着痺) and SangGiYiMiTangGaYeongYangGakTang(桑枝苡米湯加羚羊角骨) for YeolBi(熱痺). 16. LimHakHwa(林鶴和) said about TanTan(movement disorders or numbness) and devided TanTan into the acute stage and the chronic stage. He used acupuncture at the meridian spot like YeolGyeol(列缺), HapGok(合谷), etc. And he also used MaHwangBuJaSeSinTang(麻黃附子細辛湯) in case of the acute stage. In the chronic stage he used BangPungTang(防風湯). 17. JinBaekGeun(陳伯勤) liked to use three rules(HwaHyeol(活血), ChiDam(治痰), BoSin(補腎)) to treat BiJeung. He used JinTongSan(鎭痛散) for the purpose of HwalHyeol(活血), SoHwalRakDan(小活絡丹) for ChiDam(治痰) and DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯) for BoSin(補腎). 18. YimGyeHak(任繼學) focused on YangHyeolJoGi(養血調氣) if the stage of BiJeung is chronic. And in the chronic stage he insisted on not using GalHwal(羌活), DokHwal(獨活) and BangPung(防風).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

본 시험은 벼 재배시 부산물퇴비에 의한 지력증진 및 화학비료 대체효과를 검토하고자 4년 동안 표준시비(대조구)와 부산물퇴비 3종 즉 우분톱밥퇴비, 돈분톱밥퇴비, 계분톱밥퇴비를 매년, 격년, 2년 후, 3년 후 시용하여 호남농업연구소 벼 재배 포장인 전북통에서 실시한 결과 다음과 같다. 작토심은 표준시비(화학비료)에 비해 모든 부산물퇴비 시용으로 깊어졌으며, 우분퇴비>돈분퇴비>계분퇴비 순이었다. 토양경도와 용적밀도는 표준시비에 비하여 낮아졌고, 특히 우분퇴비 3년 후 시용 및 매년 시용구에서 크게 낮아졌다. 토양pH, 토양유기물 유효인산 및 규산, 치환성 양이온 함량은 표준시비에 비하여 부산물퇴비 시용구에서 대체로 높아지는 결과를 보였으며, 특히 양이온치환용량은 우분퇴비 매년 시용구, 돈분퇴비 2년 후 시용구, 계분퇴비 격년 시용구에서 높아졌다. 염기포화도는 우분퇴비, 돈분퇴비는 3년 후 시용구, 계분퇴비는 매년 시용구에서 높게 나타났다. 총 질소흡수량 및 질소이용율은 우분퇴비, 계분퇴비, 표준시비, 돈분퇴비 순으로 많았으며 높았다. 쌀 수량은 표준시비($5.07Mg\;ha^{-1}$)에 비하여 우분퇴비 모든 시용구 및 돈분 계분퇴비 격년 시용구에서 높았으며, 완전미비율과 현미 중 완전립비율은 돈분퇴비 모든 시용구 및 계분퇴비 매년 격년 시용구에서 높았고, 우분퇴비 시용으로 표준시비에 비하여 10~13% 정도 낮아졌다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1994

In this paper, twenty-five kinds of food presented in Sooljip(戌集) 5 and 6 of Food collections of 'Kosa-sibi Jip(攷事十二集)' have been classified into four : Staple food, subsidiary food, Tuck(rice cake) and Han-gwa(Korean confectionery), and Tang-jng and tea. Cooking processes have been examined and scientifically analyzed in terms of cooking, Fourteen kinds of Jook (thick gruel with cereal) as well as Urak-Jook were presented among the methods of making Jook, one of staple foods. Milk and ground rice were boiled together into Urak-Jook, which was nutritious because of carbohydrate, added to milk. Hong-sa Myun was mode of ground shrimps, ground bean, ground rice and flour which were kneaded together. It was a nutritiously balanced food. Nineteen kinds of Kimchi presented in this book were classified by the recipes. The five of Jook-soon Ja, U-so Ja, Tam-bok Ja and Jo-gang were made by adding red malt and cereals(boiled rice or candies). Jo-gang, Jo-ga and Jo-gwa-chae were made by adding salt and rice wine. With salt and fermenters added, eight were made. Chim-jup-jeo-ga was made by adding Jang(soy-bean sauce) and the inner chaff of wheat instead of salt. The four of Ka-za-san, Hwang-gwa-san, Tong-gwa-san and Jo-gang were made by adding salt and vinegar. Jo-gang was made by adding salt, rice wine, residue of rice wine and candies. The four of Kae-mal-ga, Ku-cho-chim-chae, Un-gu-hwa and Suk-hwa-chim-chim-chae were made by adding salt and spices. San-got-Kimchi was made without salt. San-got-Kimchi and Suk-hwa-chim-chae were made originally in Korea. Suk-hwa-chim-chae, in particular, was first classified as a kind of Kimchi in this book and oysters were added, which is notable. Pork could be preserved longer when smoked oven the weak fire of thatch ten days and nights. Dog meat was sauced and placed on the bones in a pot. A porcelain was put on the top of the pot. Flour paste sealed the gap between the porcelain and the pot. Some water was poured into the porcelain, and the meat was steamed, with two or three thatched sacks burned, which was a distilled dry steaming. This process has been in use up to now. Various cooking methods of chicken were presented from in Umsik-dimi-bang to in Chosun Musang Sinsik Yori Jebup. These methods were ever present regardless of ages. Such measuring units as Guin(斤) and Nyang(兩) were most frequently used in cooking processes of this book, except in case of Jang(soy bean sauce), vinegar and liquor. Twenty eight kinds of kitchenware and cookers were used, of which porcelains wee most used and pans and sieves followed. The scientific eight cooking methods were as follows. First, salt was refined through saturated solution. Next, it was recommended Hong-sa Myun containing shrimps should not be taken along with pork, which is thought to be a proper diet in terms of cholesterol contained by shrimps and pork. Third, meat was coated with thin gruel and quickly roasted and cleared of the dried gruel membrane, which prevented nutrients from exuding and helped to make the meat well-done. Fourth, The fruit of paper mulberry trees has the protease which can soften meat. Therefore when meat was boiled with th fruit of paper mulberry trees, it can be softened easily. Fifth, pork was smoked over the weak fire of thatch. Sixth, in cooking dog meat, distilled dry steaming raised the boiling point and made it possible to preserve meat longer. Seventh, in boiling the sole of a bear, lime was added, which made meat tender by making the pH lower or higher than that of raw meat. Finally, in boiling down rice gluten, a porcelain in the pot prevented boiling over the brim, which is applied to pots in which to boil medical herbs.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 1997

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analysing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analysing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitutional medicine baced on four-type recognition - differentiation of diease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance(-muscle born joint etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ diease - standards for diagnosis of external disease. The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattrrn, prognosis, a way of curing a diseases, prescription, herbs in common use, dieases appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirments in the following odor. another name, notion of diease, the main point of diagnosis, analysing and differentiating of disease, analysis of diease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, dieases In western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2016

본 연구는 실제 커피박을 자원화하고, 부가가치를 향상시키며, 열수추출물로 만든 커피박을 제조한 후 족발을 현재 식품제조사에서 만드는 공정으로 가공하여 다변화된 풍미와 기능성이 향상된 족발로 돈족 제품의 다양성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 기초자료로 얻고자 실시하였다. 족발의 pH는 대조구에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였고, 수분함량의 경우 대조구와 커피박 추출물 첨가 간의 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조지방, 조회분의 경우 첨가량 증가에 따라 유의적 차이는 없었으나 다소 증가되었으며, 단백질의 경우는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 염도의 경우 대조구보다 첨가구에서 높게 나타났다. 텍스쳐(texture) 분석은 커피박 추출물 첨가에 따라 hardness와 chewiness는 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, cohesivenes와 springiness는 대조구와 유의적 차이가 없었다. 명도는 커피박 추출물 첨가량을 10%, 20%, 30%로 점차적으로 증가할수록 L값은 대조구에 비해 점점 유의적으로 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. a값은 커피박 추출물 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 차이가 없었으며, b값은 대조구가 가장 낮았고 첨가량 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 이와 같은 분석결과는 커피박 추출물의 색도가 족발의 색에 영향을 미쳤기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 관능평가 결과, 10%의 커피박 추출물 첨가군이 외관, 씹힘성, 냄새 및 선호도에 높은 점수를 나타내 족발의 품질을 향상시키는 것으로 관찰된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2011

Backgrounds: Sticking warm and hot herbs to acupoint in Dog-Days where the strongest Yangqi takes place, Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is one of Oriental medical treatment to cure winter diseases in the summer. This treatment is widespread in China and Taiwan, and is becoming popular in South Korea nowadays. Objectives: The research has been conducted to evaluate the influencial factors and efficacy in Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days. Methods: We visited one kindergarten in Dog-Days of 2010, and attached pills which are made of Sinapis Semen(白芥子), Corydalis Tuber(玄胡索), Asari Herba Cum Radix(細辛), Juice of Zingiber Officinale(薑汁) to BL-13(肺兪), BL-15(心兪), BL-17(膈兪) of 56 children for 4-6 hours(34 boys, 22 girls, $52.64{\pm}16.85$ months, 19-78 months). Exacerbating effect or non-significant changes in respiratory symptoms before and after the treatment were ified.. The influentialfactors of efficacy were analyzed by Pearson's $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact test. In addition, the efficacy and satisfaction among once, twice, and three times treatment groups were verified by ANOVA. Results: 27 children (48.2%) were effective, but efficacy felt by parents is 45 cases (80.4%). Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold of hands and feet, cold sensitivity, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to efficacy(p>0.05). However, the efficacy is poor in 1 and 2 age(p=0.030). Difference among efficacy of once, twice, and three times treatment groups is not significant(p=0.069), whereas there are linear association in frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days and efficacy(p=0.030). 36 parents (64.3%) are satisfied with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, and we observed significant difference among once, twice, three times treatment groups(p=0.041). 19 parents (33.9%) had been known about Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, but 53 parents (94.6%) wanted repetition, and 41 parents (73.2%) intended to recommend it to acquaintance. Side effects are minor itching in two cases. Twenty seven participants showed positive effect, and forty five people (80.4%) felt beneficial. Sex, perspiration, stool, urine, sleep, cold hands and feet, sensitivity in cold, and frequency of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days has no relation to the efficacy(p>0.05). Though the efficacy was poor in one and two year old infants, it was linearly correlated with the frequency count and responses from the treatment (p=0.030). Thirty six participants (64.3%) satisfied with the treatment, and so did the first, second, and third participant groups (p=0.041). Even though, only nineteen participants (33.9%) were familiar with Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days, fifty three participants (94.6%) preferred to repeat the treatment, and 41 parents were preferable to recommend the treatment to others. Side effects of minor itching has been reported in a couple cases. Conclusions: Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days is effective in children older than three year old. The effect would be greater when going through the treatment three times. Based on significant satisfaction, intention of repetition and recommendation, strong promotion on Dog-Days are needed to make a better use of Acupoint sticking in Dog-Days for the effective treatment.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

식물추출발효음료(fermented beverage of plant extract, FBPE)는 과일류, 야채류, 약초류, 및 해조류를 설탕에 의한 당장법으로 발효시킨 액상발효음료이다. 본 연구에서는 FBPE의 이화학적 특성과 16S 및 26S rRNA 염기서열을 이용하여 집식배양된 FBPE의 미생물 다양성을 조사하였다. FBPE의 pH는 3.48, 산도는 1.68%, 당도는 $70^{\circ}$, 환원당은 1,026 g/L 및 알코올은 3.5%이었다. 유리당과 유기산은 glucose (567.83 g/L)와 tartaric acid (936.8 mg/L)로 나타났다. Lactobacillus homohiochii는 모든 집식배양 시료에서 우점종이었고 L. fructivorans는 20B 라이브러리에서만 나타났다. 세 가지의 다른 당 농도에서 집식배양된 FPEB의 우점종은 0Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 0%)에서는 Candida zeylanides (45.2%), 20Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 20%)에서는 C. lactis-condensi (35.7%)와 C. zeylanoides (35.7%) 및 40Y 라이브러리(설탕농도 40%)에서는 C. lactis-condensi (38.1%)이었다. 이외에 0Y 라이브러리에서는 C. lactis-condensi (40.5%), Pichia farinosa (7.1%), C. parapsilosis(4.8%) 및 Zygosaccharomyces bailii (2.4%)가 나타났으며, 20Y 라이브러리에서는 P. guilliermondii (14.3%), Pichia farinosa (7.1%), C. parapsilosis (4.8%) 및 Kazachstania exigua (2.4%)로 나타났고 40Y 라이브러리에서는 C. zeylanoides (30.9%), C. parapsilosis (11.9%), Z. bailii (11.9%), Pichia farinosa (4.8%), P. guilliermondii (2.4%)이 확인되었다. 이 결과는 앞으로 FBPE의 미생물 변화 연구에 아주 유용한 자료로 제공할 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2006

본 연구는 유기물 및 동일비료를 하해혼성 충적토 전북통에서 24년 연용 후 주구인 유기물(무시용, 볏짚, 퇴비)에 세구인 질소시비량(0, 100, 150, 200, $250kg\;ha^{-1}$)을 5수준으로 처리하여 년차별 토양화학성과 유기태 질소 및 무기태 인산의 형태별 집적량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유기물 시용으로 토양산도는 다소 낮아졌으며 그 정도는 볏짚을 준 경우가 퇴비를 줄 경우보다 컸다. 토양 중 유기물 함량은 연차적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 퇴비 시용 구에서 더 증가했다. 유효인산 함량은 관행(NPK)의 경우 감소하였고 유기물 시용으로 증가했으며 퇴비 시용 구에서 더 증가하였다. 토양 중 총유기태질소 함량은 퇴비>볏짚>무시용 순으로 높았으며 유기태 질소 중 산가용 비유출성질소(아미노산태 질소)>산불용성질소(미동정태질소)>산가용 유출성질소(아미노당태 질소) 순으로 많았다. 산가용 비유출성질소는 볏짚+질소시비에서 $918mg\;kg^{-1}$로 총유기태질소의 52.7%를 차지하였고 산가용유출성질소는 볏짚+질소 무시비, 산불용성질소 및 산가용 유출성질소는 퇴비+질소시비에서 많았다. 또한 토양 중 총무기태인산 함량은 볏짚+질소시비>퇴비+질소시비>퇴비+질소무시비>무시용+질소시비>볏짚+질소시비 순으로 많았다. 볏짚+질소 무시비에서는 무기태 인산이 모두 높았고 특히 Fe-P 함량이 $425mg\;kg^{-1}$로 가장 높았다. 퇴비+질소시비 및 무시용+질소시비에서는 Fe-P 및 Al-P 함량이 높은 반면에 질소 무시비와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Ca-P 함량이 볏짚과 퇴비 시용으로 높아진 것은 유기물의 인산집적 뿐만 아니라 토양환경의 변화 즉 환원이 높게 진행된 결과로 생각된다.