• Mycobiology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.354-359
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• 2023

Tricholoma matsutake has been the most valuable ectomycorrhizal fungi in Asia because of its unique flavor and taste. However, due to the difficulty of artificial cultivation, the cultivation of T. matsutake has relied on natural growth in forests. To cultivate the T. matsutake artificially, microorganisms in fairy rings were introduced. In this study, we isolated 30 fungal species of microfungi from the soil of fairy rings. Among them, one single fungal strain showed a promoting effect on the growth of T. matsutake. The growth effect was confirmed by measuring the growth area of T. matsutake and enzyme activities including a-amylase, cellulase, and b-glucosidase. In comparison with control, microfungal metabolite increased the growth area of T. matsutake by 213% and the enzyme activity of T. matsutake by 110-200%. The isolated fungal strain was identified as Penicillium citreonigrum by BLAST on the NCBI database. The Discovery of this microfungal strain is expected to contribute to artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

Effect of electric pulse stimulation was tested on the fruit body formation of valuable mushroom Tricholoma matsutake in the field of natural habitat of this mushroom. After applying the electric stimulator to the specific area of pine forest we found that the treatment especially stimulated the fructification of T. matsutake. And the most valuable findings of our study was that only our treatment plots showed fruit body formation whereas the control plots and the whole natural habitats of our study area showed zero production of this mushroom during the same time. From the point of view of mushroom production, our experiment shows that fruit body production can be upgraded by using pulsed power as an electrical stimulation in the field of the natural habitat of this mushroom. These findings from our experiment confirm the effectiveness of the significance of pulsed power technology for the improvement of T. matsutake fruit body production in the natural habit of this mushroom.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.232-240
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• 2000

Correlation between Songyi(Tricholoma matsutake, pine mushroom, matsutake) production and the annual pine tree growth in Korea was analyzed with 18 years data of the mushroom production in Sangju area and the annual ring-growth of pine trees at Mt Sogni in the area. The two parameters were not significantly related to each other(r=0.408). A possible reason of this low relationship is that September and October climate affected annual Songyi production through mushroom primordial formation, continued growth of the primordia, while May and June climate did the annual tree-ring growth. Songyi production at Mt. Wolak in Chungcheongbukdo peaked while the minimum daily air temperature ranged about $7^{\circ}C$ to $13^{\circ}C$ during the first week of October in 1999. These show that Songyi production variation is not a simple trend depending on the energy the pine trees have accumulated. Rather, controlling soil moisture and air temperature during Songyi fruiting season can be a significant management option for improving the mushroom production.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2023

To cultivate pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) artificially, co-cultivation with microorganisms has been introduced. Here, experiments were performed to assess the growth-promoting effect of bacteria on T. matsutake mycelia. Bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected in Yangyang County, Korea. Four of the bacterial isolates (Y22_B06, Y22_B11, Y22_B18, and Y22_B22) exhibited a growth-promoting effect on T. matsutake mycelia (154.67%, 125.91%, 134.06%, and 158.28%, respectively). To analyze the characteristics of the bacteria, especially the antifungal activity, 𝛼-amylase and cellulase activity assays were performed. In comparison with the controls, the isolated bacteria exhibited low 𝛼-amylase and cellulase activity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to identify the four bacterial isolates. The isolates belonged to the Terrabacteria group and were identified as Microbacterium paraoxydans, Paenibacillus castaneae, Peribacillus frigoritolerans, and P. butanolivorans. These bacterial isolates are expected to have contributed to the growth promotion of T. matsutake mycelia and the artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.56-59
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• 2010

Pine-Mushroom(Trichroma matsutake) Bidding System was faced with a difficult question. Both producers and consumers are required to meet improvement. Classification system has been improved with the digital system. Standard uncertainty is likely to be clearly established.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2024

Tricholoma matsutake is a traditional favorite food in East Asia, cultivated in fairy rings called "shiro," which are found near Pinus densiflora. For effective artificial cultivation of Tri. matsutake, microorganisms from symbiotic fairy rings are co-cultivated. In this study, one bacterial isolate (Y22_B35) and two fungal isolates (Y22_F64 and Y22_F68) displayed growth-promoting effects on Tri. matsutake mycelium (158.47, 125.00, and 122.26% enhanced growth, respectively). For identification, 16S rRNA or ITS regions from the microorganisms¡¯ genomes were sequenced. Other sequences, including BenA, CaM, and RPB2 were sequenced in the fungal isolates. The bacterial isolate Y22_B35 was identified as Bacillus cereus. Y22_F64 and Y22_F68 were identified as Umbelopsis nana and Aspergillus parvulus, respectively. To identify the effects of the dominant microorganisms on Tri. Matsutake cultivation, metagenomic analyses were performed. Discovery of these Tri. matsutake mycelium growth-promoting microorganisms and metagenomics analyses are expected to contribute to our understanding of Tri. matsutake fruiting body growth and construction of biomimicry.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2017

Despite the high commercial value of the pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) around the world, its production still depends upon natural harvesting. In recent years, mushroom researchers in Korea and Japan have been successful in artificially cultivating T. matsutake by producing single mushroom through matsutake-infected pine seedlings. In this study, we determined the minimum seedling height required for the survival of matsutake mycelia in the infected pine seedlings in the field. The survival rate of matsutake mycelia in the matsutake-infected pine seedlings was 50% (14) in two years and 71% (10) in one year after their transplantation. The average height at time of transplantation of the matsutake-infected pine seedlings that bore surviving mycelia after transplantation was 25 cm (minimum 12 cm to maximum 40 cm). In conclusion, the matsutake mycelium of matsutake-infected pine seedlings was able to survive in field conditions if the height of the seedling at the time of T. matsutake infection was at least 12 cm. These results suggest that the height of the host plants used in conventional matsutake-infected pine seedling production should be greatly reduced to improve the matsutake cultivation. Therefore, standardization of the seedling height for artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms by the matsutake-infected pine seedling method is suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.345-348
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• 1999

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, is the most expensive mushroom at the region of northeastern Asia. Since the mushroom is edible, it is very serious to have a parasitic fungus on the surface of fruit-body. We discovered a necrotrophic mycoparasite of T. matsutake. We tried to illustrate the feature of mycoparasite on T. matsutake in detail, and it was identified as Syzygites megalocarpus.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2024

As a member of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Tricholoma matsutake has a symbiotic relationship with its host, Pinus densiflora. To cultivate T. matsutake artificially, the co-cultivation of T. matsutake mycelia and bacteria from shiro was introduced. In this study, bacteria were isolated from soil samples in Bonghwa-gun, and seven bacterial isolates (B22_7_B05, B22_7_B06, B22_7_B07, B22_7_B08, B22_7_B10, B22_7_B13, and B22_7_B14) promoted the growth of T. matsutake mycelia (147.48, 232.11, 266.72, 211.43, 175.17, 154.62, and 177.92%, respectively). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA region of the isolated bacteria was performed. B22_7_B05 and B22_7_B10 were identified as Bacillus toyonensis, B22_7_B06 and B22_7_B08 as Paenibacillus taichungensis, B22_7_B07 and B22_7_B14 as P. gorilla, and B22_7_B13 as P. odorifer. These bacterial isolates were associated with the shiro community and are expected to contribute to the cultivation of T. matsutake.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2013

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) is one of the most profitable forest products in Korea. We postulated a hypothesis that a high rate of returns to labor input could make the harvest of pine mushroom off the optimum level. In the view of developing a sustainable production strategy for pine mushroom producers, production of pine mushroom collectors and pine mushroom growth function were estimated using maximum entropy method. Annual pine mushroom production and labor input were the data used in the estimation of production function of pine mushroom collectors and pine mushroom growth function. The level of sustainable maximum production derived from the estimated function. The production function estimated shows that production of pine mushroom is affected more by the resource of pine mushroom stocked in the forests than by labor that households put in forestry business. The production function of mushroom collectors and the estimated growth function indicate that pine mushroom harvests for the period of 2005-2011 did not reach the potential level of maximum sustainable production. Therefore, we suggest that pine mushroom harvest should be controlled until the resource stock of pine mushroom in the forests increases to the level of maximum sustainable production.