• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2022

Handball sport, as its name postulates, is a team sport which highly physical workout. During a handball play, several ball impacts are applied on the hands resulting vibration in the forearm, upper arm, shoulders and in general in whole body. Hand has important role in the handball's game. So, understanding about the dynamics and some issues that improve the stability of the hand is important in the sport engineering field. Ulna and radius are two parallel bones in lower arm of human hand which their ends are located in elbow and wrist joint. The type of the joint provides the capability of rotation of the lower arm. These two bones with their ends conditions in the joints constructs a 4-link frame. The ulna is slightly thinner than radius. So, understanding about hand kinematics in handball's game is an important thing in the engineering field. So, in the current work with the aid of a multi-physics simulation, dynamic stability analysis of the ulna and radius bones will be presented in detail.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.255-265
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• 2022

Educational programs for students with intellectual disabilities have undergone drastic changes in pursuit of the general curriculum. Accordingly, teachers in various fields, including mathematics, strive to find effective methods that enhance learning. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the field of teaching mathematics to students with intellectual disabilities to investigate relevant effective teaching strategies and required teaching skills. To achieve this goal, studies published during the period 2018-2021 were reviewed. Findings indicate the inclusion of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria out of 55 studies. The included studies found that the system of least prompts (SLP) in conjunction with feedback and error correction, and schema-based instruction are generally the most effective strategies in teaching mathematical skills to students with intellectual disabilities. Addition is the most targeted skill, followed by subtraction and algebra problem solving. The least targeted skills are multiplication, recognition of geometric shapes, calculating price after discount, rapid recognition of numbers, and rapid problem solving. The paper provides recommendations and suggests venues of future research.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.274-285
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• 2022

Retransmission in optical burst switching networks is a solution to recover data loss by retransmitting the dropped burst. The ingress node temporarily stores a copy of the complete burst and sends it each time it receives a retransmission request from the core node. Some retransmission schemes have been suggested, but uncontrolled retransmission often increases the network load, consumes more bandwidth, and consequently, increases the probability of contention. Controlled retransmission is therefore essential. This paper proposes a new controlled retransmission scheme for loss recovery, where the available bandwidth of wavelength channels and the burst lifetime are referred to as network conditions to determine whether to transmit a dropped burst. A retrial queue-based analysis model is also constructed to validate the proposed retransmission scheme. The simulation and analysis results show that the controlled retransmission scheme is more efficient than the previously suggested schemes regarding byte loss probability, successful retransmission rate, and network throughput.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

A subset S of V(G), where G is a simple undirected graph, is a hop dominating set if for each v ∈ V(G)＼S, there exists w ∈ S such that d_G(v, w) = 2 and it is a locating-hop set if N_G(v, 2) ∩ S ≠ N_G(v, 2) ∩ S for any two distinct vertices u, v ∈ V(G)＼S. A set S ⊆ V(G) is a locating-hop dominating set if it is both a locating-hop and a hop dominating set of G. The minimum cardinality of a locating-hop dominating set of G, denoted by 𝛄_lh(G), is called the locating-hop domination number of G. In this paper, we investigate some properties of this newly defined parameter. In particular, we characterize the locating-hop dominating sets in graphs under some binary operations.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-310
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• 2024

The probabilistic metric space as one of the important generalizations of metric space, was introduced by Menger [16] in 1942. Later, Choi et al. [6] initiated the notion of bicomplex-valued metric spaces (bi-CVMS). Recently, Bhattacharyya et al. [3] linked the concept of bicomplex-valued metric spaces and menger spaces, and initiated menger space with bicomplex-valued metric. Here, in this paper, we have taken probabilistic metric space with bicomplex-valued metric, i.e., bicomplexvalued probabilistic metric space and proved some common fixed point theorems using converse commuting mappings in this space.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.255-272
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• 2024

This study aims to design mathematics-integrated classes that cultivate artificial intelligence (AI) thinking and to analyze students' AI thinking within these classes. To do this, four classes were designed through the integration of the AI4K12 Initiative's AI Big Ideas with the 2015 revised elementary mathematics curriculum. Implementation of three classes took place with 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Leveraging the computational thinking taxonomy and the AI thinking components, a comprehensive framework for analyzing of AI thinking was established. Using this framework, analysis of students' AI thinking during these classes was conducted based on classroom discourse and supplementary worksheets. The results of the analysis were peer-reviewed by two researchers. The research findings affirm the potential of mathematics-integrated classes in nurturing students' AI thinking and underscore the viability of AI education for elementary school students. The classes, based on AI Big Ideas, facilitated elementary students' understanding of AI concepts and principles, enhanced their grasp of mathematical content elements, and reinforced mathematical process aspects. Furthermore, through activities that maintain structural consistency with previous problem-solving methods while applying them to new problems, the potential for the transfer of AI thinking was evidenced.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.379-398
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• 2011

In learning environment at mathematics education, prove and refute are essential abilities to demonstrate whether and why a statement is true or false. Learning proofs and counter examples within the domain of limit of sequence is important because preservice teacher encounter limit of sequence in many mathematics courses. Recently, a number of studies have showed evidence that pre service and students have problem with mathematical proofs but many research studies have focused on abilities to produce proofs and counter examples in domain of limit of sequence. The aim of this study is to contribute to research on preservice teachers' productions of proofs and counter examples, as participants showed difficulty in writing these proposition. More importantly, the analysis provides insight and understanding into the design of curriculum and instruction that may improve preservice teachers' learning in mathematics courses.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.545-561
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analysis how the elements of character are reflected in the 3rd and 4th grade elementary mathematics textbooks based on the 2009 revised curriculum. This study focused on the elements of character in the 3rd and 4th grade mathematics textbooks. The researchers analyzed the elements of character in the students' mathematics textbooks and teacher's guide books. In particular, they analyzed how those elements of character are reflected in those books. Findings of this study are as follows. First of all, the elements of character were founded in the most of units on the 3rd and 4th grade mathematics textbooks, but they were biased to the specific elements of character. Second, the resources using related with character vary in the textbooks. As methods of character education, connections of elements of character with mathematical concepts, broader view of the world, or problem solving are appeared. From the results of the research, we suggest the followings. We need to set the teacher's roles in character education. Mathematics textbooks should include various elements of character for effective character education. In addition to development of quality materials for character education in mathematics education, teacher education programs should include character education in mathematics education.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2012

The Great War of 1914-1918 had dramatic consequences for all aspects of European society. Academia, and the field of mathematics, was no exception to the changes which occurred following the conflicts conclusion. After the First World War, which left Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria and Turkey defeated, the Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh revisions to the old order. Many new nations emerged and the map of Europe was redrawn. The victorious powers also created the International Research Council (IRC) in 1919, and the International Mathematical Union (IMU) was founded under the IRC' s umbrella in 1920. At that time Germany, Austria, Hungary and Bulgaria were excluded from participation and the IMU maintained an open anti-German policy. However, as time passed this policy became more sharply criticized and in 1928 ICM, the nonparticipants were invited to join. Having declined, controversy persisted until in 1931 the IRC was replaced by the International Council of Scientific Unions, and the IMU disappeared for over two decades until it was reestablished in 1951. During the time of the first tenure of the IMU it is argued by many that politics entered into the world of international mathematical cooperation. In this paper we study the real effects the Great War had on the international mathematical community and its mathematicians.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.607-615
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research status and trends related to the industrial mathematics based on text mining techniques with a sample of 4910 papers collected in the SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics from 1970 to 2019. The R program was used to collect titles, abstracts, and key words from the papers and to analyze topic modeling techniques based on LDA algorithm. As a result of the coherence score on the collected papers, 20 topics were determined optimally using the Gibbs sampling methods. The main results were as follows. First, studies on industrial mathematics were conducted in a variety of mathematics fields, including computational mathematics, geometry, mathematical modeling, topology, discrete mathematics, probability and statistics, with a focus on analysis and algebra. Second, 5 hot topics (mathematical biology, nonlinear partial differential equation, discrete mathematics, statistics, topology) and 1 cold topic (probability theory) were found based on time series regression analysis. Third, among the fields that were not reflected in the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum, numeral system, matrix, vector in space, and complex numbers were extracted as the contents to be covered in the high school mathematical curriculum. Finally, this study suggested strategies to activate industrial mathematics in Korea, described the study limitations, and proposed directions for future research.