• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to identify the workers the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of industrial health care services. The study was conducted from Dec 10, 1992 to Jan 20, 1993. The data was collected from 849 workers in 56 companies in Busan City. The data was analyzed by using the mean, S.D>, T-test, ANOVA. The tool for measuring the degree of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of industrial health care of workers was developed by community health nursing academy and the reliability an of the tool was 0.82810. The results were as follows : 1. The general characteristics of workers : Distribution of workers consisted of laborer(55.0%), office workers(45.0%), in an age range from 25-39(55.0%), male employees were(69.7%), married employees were(62.4%), the educational level with the highest percentage was high school graduates(54.2%). The present work force had a career for 7 years or more with an income of 300-700 thousand won monthly(43.2). 2. The degree of Knowledge Attitude and Practice about industrial health care services of workers : The total score of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice was 49.09 points out of a possible 80(mean Score=2.46) 1) The total score of the Knowledge was 15.73 points out of 24. (Mean score=2.62) The following are the Knowledge scores: The necessity examination of occupational disease was(3.34) The knowledge of occupational disease was (3.12) The knowledge of health education was(1.29) 2) b. The total score of the Attitude was 26.01 point out of 44(mean score=2.36) The following are the Attitude scores: The necessity of health education for health examination was (3.14). The importance of health examination was(3.08) The necessity of measurement for working environment was(2.99). The satisfaction of the content in the periodic health examination was low(1.81). 3) The total score of the Practice was 7.35 points out of 12(mean score=2.45) The following are the orders of Practice scores: The participation in health examination was higher than in health education(1.33). 3. The general characteristics and the degree of knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of workers of industrial health care. 1) The level of worker's knowledge was significantly related by working part(t=2.54 P=0.000), marital status(F=4.35 P=0.029), educational level(F=3.91 and P=0.020), monthly income(F=2.98 P=0.029) 2) There were no significant difference between the general characteristics and the attitude of workers. 3) The practice was significantly related with working part(T=2.52 P=0.012), sex(T=2.28 P=0.23), marital status(F=4.25 P=0.012), monthly income (F=2.76 P=0.034) 4) The total score had a significant difference with working part(T=2.39 P=0.017), sex (T=3.84 P=0.000), marital status (F=3.18 P=0.032). Educational level (F=3.20 P=0.033), and monthly income(F=3.05 P=0.022).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2009

This study aims to present a fundamental data base to figure out the mental and the physical conditions that the dental technicians are facing and ultimately to develop a health care program to deal with their health related problems. To this end, we took an analysis on the health status among the subjects of 895 dental technicians currently working at the dental lab around the nation from January 15 to March 31, 2009 by way or Todai Health Index(THI). Of the average scale point in accordance with 12 scale scores of the physical and the mental subjective symptom, the results revealed that the physical appeals (21.10) were higher than the mental appeals (18.49) and the multiple subjective symptom was marked as 38.44 followed by the mental irritability (25.92). In gender differences, the females proved to be higher than the males in both physical appeals and mental appeals while the physical appeals were dominant in both genders. The physical appeals were higher than the mental appeals with regard to the general characteristics. In the case or the group or age twenties as shown in the physical and mental average scale point, the other groups showed 21.55% of the physical appeals among the married whereas the mental appeals showed the highest point as 18.70 in the unmarried group. In job position, the other groups marked the highest, in working condition, below average group marked the highest, in frequency of break time, none group marked the highest. We drew a conclusion form this study that the dental technicians gained the higher points in the item or the multiple subjective symptom, the menial irritability, and the irregular life. More research on th is phenomena should be followed along with the development of various and practical health care programs to promote the health or dental technicians.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.155-166
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of self-efficacy of SMEs' organization members on job engagement and job performance, and to analyze the difference between gender and marital status by applying SEM-ANN analysis. To accomplish the study purpose, 285 valid samples were collected from 400 SMEs' organization members and analyzed. In this study, self - efficacy consisted of three sub-dimensions: self-confidence, self-regulation efficacy, and task difficulty preference. As a result of the analysis, self - efficacy such as self-confidence, self-regulation efficacy, and task difficulty preference had a positive direct effect on job engagement. In addition, self-efficacy and self-control efficacy have a positive effect on job performance, but the preference of task difficulty has no significant effect. In addition, job engagement has a positive(+) effect on job performance, and has a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and job performance. Also, married males preferred self-regulation efficacy, while females preferred self-regulation and self-control efficacy regardless of marital status. The purpose of this study is to present the framework of self-efficacy-job engagement-job performance of SMEs by measuring the self-efficacy related researches mainly in education and service industries, and is meaningful that companies can help to find the basis of management of organization members by gender and marital status of organization members. In addition, the SEM-ANN analysis process of this study is different in that it explains the nonlinear (nonobservative) relationship that can analyze the influence or the combination of the reference variables in the linear (compensatory) relation using the SEM.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.69-92
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to offer foundation making more certain standards of musculoskeletal disorder diagnosis, We researched musculoskeletal symptoms degrees, frequencies, and cares and then examined relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions using moire topography among workers at an automobile manufacturing plant. Therefore we propose the possibility of moire topography as diagnosing utilities of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was to examine the general characteristics, complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms, and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates of cervicobrachial and lumbar area by survey among 435 workers at an automobile manufacturing plant and then to show each frequency and percentage, In the diagnosis using moire topography, we studied pain control necessity of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, 435 subjects were classified by 5 levels: A(no symptoms), B(need management), C(need treatment) and then more divided by B1(light symptoms)/B2(heavy symptoms), C1(light symptoms)/C2(heavy symptoms), And musculoskeletal areas were divided by 2 parts, cervicobrachial area(neck, shoulder, arm&elbow, and wrist&hand) and lumbar area, Then, frequency and percentage of each musculoskeletal areas(cervicobrachial and lumbar area) were appeared. At last, Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to observe the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and general characteristics and the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and work-related complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, Results: The subjects employed for this research were categorized into; by gender, all of them were males(l00%): by age, under 35 years 12 %, 36-40 years 56.3%, 41-45 years 26.3 %, and above 46 years 5.3% with 36-40 years accounting for most of it. By living location, owned houses represented 69.7%, rented houses 23.4%, monthly-rented 1.6%, the others 5.3%; by education, middle school and lower represented 3.0%, high school 89.4%, and junior college and higher 7.6% with high school occupying most of the group. By marital status, married represented 95.2%, unmarried 4.1%, and the others 0.7% with most of them married; by alcohol, drinking represented 81.8% and non-drinking 18.2%; by smoking status, smoking represented 53.6%, non-smoking 46.4% with no big difference between them. By working time(hours/week), below 50 represented 26.9%, 50-60 67.6%, above 60 5.5%; by working time(hours/day), below 9 represented 21.6%, 10-12 73.1%, above 13 5.3%; by job tenure(years), below 10 represented 25.1%, 11-15 54.3%, 16-20 15.2%, above 21 5.5%. By personal income per year, below 30 million won represented 11.0%, 30-40 84.8%, above 40 4.1%; by sleeping hours, below 6 hours represented 26.7%, 7-8 hours 69.9%, above 9 hours 3.4%. Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates were 63.9% and 54.9% with shoulder area occupying most of both them. By pain degree of musculoskeletal symptoms, shoulder area represented $2.73{\pm}0.84$, lumbar area $2.66{\pm}0.86$, wrist and hand area $2.59{\pm}0.86$, neck area $2.55{\pm}0.74$, and arm and elbow area $2.48{\pm}0.71$. By cares about musculoskeletal symptoms, taking medication or care represented 34.4%-46.7%, absence or leave 15.4%-28.7%, and job transfer 6.3%-11.5%. So experienced cases more than one thing among cares about musculoskeletal symptoms represented 39.6%-54%. In the diagnosis using moire topography, pain control necessity of cervicobrachial area was shown below; A(no symptoms) 20.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 64.6%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 11.5%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 3.0%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) 0.2%. By lumbar area, A(no symptoms) 8.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 52.2%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 30.3%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 8.7%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) was none. In the relation between pain control necessity and general characteristics, age(P=0.013), education(P=0.000), and job tenure(P=0.012) with pain control necessity showed differences with significance. The relation between pain control necessity and complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area showed no difference with significance; in cervicobrachial area represented P=0.708, lumbar area P=0.318 Conclusions: This study for musculoskeletal symptoms on workers at automobile manufacturing plant showed that complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were so high, 63.9%. But Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to study the relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and the diagnosis using moire topography, showed no differences with significance. They have no differences with significance, but the prevalence rates of diagnosis using moire topography for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were more higher than complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms; complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms were 52.4%, 34.5% and the diagnosis using moire topography were 79.3%, 91.3% for cervicobrachial and lumbar area. The results of this study indicate that the diagnosis using moire topography can find weak musculoskeletal disorders that an individual can not feel, not be judged work-related musculoskeletal disease. Therefore, this study has an important meaning that diagnosis using moire topography can predict and control own physical condition complete musculoskeletal disorders beforehand, since oriental medicine theory considers that prevention is important.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.199-227
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• 2012

Studies of leisure time generally have been concentrated on the amount of time spent by each family member in Korea. In this study, the shared leisure time among family members in various leisure activities was mainly investigated. Purposes of this study were to describe how family members spent the leisure time together and to investigate the determinants that affected whether or not family shared leisure time together. The data source was the '2009 Time Use Survey' conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. The person involved in each activity was surveyed for the first time in the survey. The data from 17,470 diaries(10,359 weekdays and 3,549 Sunday) from 8,745 individuals aged from 20 to 59 who had a spouse were analyzed. The descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used. On average, married couples spent leisure time together with spouses 36 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 38 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Parent did with preschool children 5 minutes a day on weekdays and 15 minutes on Sunday, respectively. The shared leisure time with other family and relatives was 22 minutes a day on weekdays and 1 hour and 13 minutes on Sunday, respectively. Although there was a wide variation on the shared family leisure time by the types of activities, the main shared leisure activity was using mass media, which accounts for about two third of all shared leisure time together with family. Independent variables, including the age, sex, education level, working hours, personal income, presence of preschool children, marital status, sex role attitude, and dual or single income earner were the significant determinants of family's or couple's parent-preschool children's shared leisure time on weekdays or Sunday. Based on the results of this study, family and leisure policy were suggested to increase active family shared leisure time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.455-472
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for mapping out successful strategies to build the professional self-image of nurses through uniform, by examining their satisfaction with uniform and professional self-image by general characteristics, and identifying the correlational relationship between the two factors. The subjects in this study were 205 nurses who served in general departments of two university hospitals in Seoul. The departments where special uniform was required, including ICU, RR, OR and CSR, were excluded. The data were collected from September 15 through 22, 2000. For measurement of uniform satisfaction level, a uniform satisfaction scale was prepared by myself, and Arthur(1990)'s PSCNI translated and modified by Song Kyong Ae and Rho Chun Hee(1996) was employed. The Cronbach a of the uniform satisfaction scale and PSCNI was 0.90 and 0.86 respectively. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, and real number, percentage, average and standard deviation were calculated. Besides, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's r procedures were utilized, and Scheffe test was conducted as a posttest. The findings of this study were as below: 1. The uniform satisfaction of the nurses investigated was scored 2.52 on the basis of 4 points, which was on the medium level. By subarea, symbolicity satisfaction was 2.48, and aesthetic satisfaction was 2.60. The functionability satisfaction was 2.44. So the esthetic satisfaction was greatest. 2. Among general characteristics of the subjects, two factors made a significant difference to their uniform satisfaction : age(F=4.05, P=.0189), and total career(F=4.25, P=.0061). 3. Their professional self-image got 2.75 on the basis of 4 points, which was on upper middle level. The subarea score was 2.79 for professional work, 2.52 for satisfaction and 2.97 for communication. The communication area was rated highest, and the satisfaction area was scored lowest. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, professional self-image was different according to five factors : age(F=17.83, P=.001), marital status(T=5.18, P=.0000), educational background(F=8.72, P=.0002), position(T=-5.29, P=.0000) and total career(F=15.23, p=.0001). Better professional self-image was possessed by the older group than the younger one, by the married group than the singles, by the better-educated group than the less-educated, by the nurses in position equal to or higher than charge nurse, or by the higher-career group. 5. The correlational relationship of uniform satisfaction to professional self-image was statistically significant, yet very weak(r=.1978, p=.0045). The satisfaction area of professional self-image was correlated to every uniform satisfaction area, including symbolicity(4=.4393, p=.0001), aesthetics(r=.2471, p=.0004), functionability(r=.3094, p=.0001) and total satisfaction(r=.4050, p=.0001). Therefore, the uniform satisfaction gave an impact on the satisfaction area of professional self-image of the nurses, and there was a significant correlational relationship between uniform symbolicity area and total professional self-image(r=.2416, p=.0005).

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.189-203
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine medicinal food consumption patterns focusing on the consumers living in Gyeongju area, and it attempts to provide database about developing medicinal food products as tourist attractions grounded on the results. For this study, the data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 20.0 for an empirical analysis. Moreover, the survey questions were sent out to 300 people, and total 256 copies of questionnaire were returned for the sample data. For the result that "It will have a significant impact on the selecting attributes of medicinal food according to gender," there was a meaningful difference between gender on the average cost. For the result that "It will have a significant impact on the selecting attributes of medicinal food according to marital status," there was a significant difference between married and single for comparing tastes. For the result that "It will have a significant impact on the selecting attributes of medicinal food according to age," there was a meaningful difference on the degree of awareness, comparing tastes, and comparing health. For the result that "It will have a significant impact on the selecting attributes of medicinal food according to occupation and education," there was a meaningful difference on the degree of awareness. Based on the results of this study, medicinal restaurants should offer various menu items and services to prepare methods to remind consumers of their professionalism in order to enhance competitive power of medicinal food.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosomatic health status of printers. The 77 printers and 24 control group were analysed about salary, drinking, smoking, education, sex, marriage, age and working age by the THI (Todai Health Index) questionaire. THI was modified from CMI(Cornell Medical Index) and developed by Tokyo University Research Team in Japan. The resuts obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The printers, who get more salary showed high score about mental conplaints, especially, mental irritability(j), nervusness (E), lie Scale(L), aggressiveness(F) and irregualr life(G) and lower salary showed generally high score about physical complaints, especially, mouth and anus (D), digestive symptom(C) multiple subjective symptom(I). 2. According to the printers drinking amount shows the difference, eg nondrinker scored higher on mouth and anus(D), 90mg/week drinker scored higher on multiple subjective symptom(I), digestive symptom(C), depression(K), nervousness(E), and irregular life(G), 91~179mg/week drinker scored higher on impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), 270~359mg/week drinker scored higher on respiratory(A), lie scale (L) and aggressiveness (F). 3. The nonsmoker scored high level on mouth and anus(D), mental irritability(J). The previous smoker scored on multiple symptom(I), eyes and skin(B), digestive(C), lie scale(L), and depression(K). The present smoker scored on respiratory(A), impulsivehess(H), aggressiveness(F), nervousness(E), and irregular life(G). 4. According to the printers working age showed almost high score about subjective symptoms on 1~3 year. 5. Men printers high scored on respiratory(A). lie scale(L), aggressiveness(F), women printers scored about mental complaints, especially, impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), depression (K), nervousness (E). 6. According to the printers age showed high scored about, below 20 years were lie scale(L). aggressiveness(F), irregular life(G) 21~30years were multiple subjective symptom(I) respiratory (A), eyes and skin(B), mouth and anus(D), impulsiveness(H), mental irritability(J), depression (K), nervousness(E), and over 41 years were digestive(C). 7. Married printers scored high level on eyes and skin(B), digestive(C) and impulsivehess(H), and single printers on respiratory(A), mouth and anus(D), lie scale(L), mental irritability(J). 8. According to education shows the difference, eg high school scored higher on eyes and skin (B), mental irritability(J), depression(K), nervousness(E), collage and over scored higher on multiple subjective symptom(I ), respiratory (A), mouth and anus (D), lie scale (L), aggressiveness (F), irregular life (G), and middle school scored high on digestive (C), impulsiveness (H).

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.941-956
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• 2017

This study aimed to compare the differences in sexual function and sexual preference according to demographic characteristics of women, sexual experience, preference penile type, and sexual dysfunction. 72 adult women responded to the survey. 54 respondents were analyzed except respondents who did have incomplete response and no sexual experience. All collected data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test using SPSS 22. In results, Married was significantly higher in intercourse frequency and sexual function than unmarried(p<.05). In economic status, high or middle was significantly higher in the subjective sexual experience and sexual function than the low(p<.05). In subjective sexual experience, high was higher in intercourse frequency than the low, and penile length and type were important(p<.05). preference of glans> penis was significantly higher in subjective sexual experience than preference of glans $${\frac{._-}{.}}$$ penis, and importance of penile girth and size(p<.05). In sexual function, normal function was lower in intercourse frequency than dysfunction, and penile length was not considered significant(p<.05). The results of this study suggest that there may be differences in sexual function and sexual preference according to various causes and can be used as basic data for the development of psychological counseling program for sexual function rehabilitation of women.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).