• Title/Summary/Keyword: mark-all strategy

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An Analysis on the Elementary Students' Problem Solving about Equal Sharing Problem and Fraction Order (균등 분배 문제와 분수의 크기 비교에 대한 초등학생들의 문제해결 분석)

  • Lee, Daehyun
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.303-326
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    • 2018
  • Fraction has difficulties in learning because of the diversity of meanings, the ways of presenting contents and teaching methods in elementary school mathematics. Therefore, the various strategies of teaching of fraction concept is proposed as an alternative. The problem of equal sharing problem is that children can experience the concept of fractions naturally in the context of everyday distribution. Even before learning formal fractions, children can solve them in various ways based on their own experiences. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of problem solving and problem solving strategies for children in 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades in elementary school. As a result of the research, the percentage of correct answers increased as the grade increased, but the grade levels showed a difference depending on the numbers given to the problems. Also, there were differences in the problem solving strategies according to the grade levels. Also, according to the numbers presented in the problem, the percentage of correct answers was high in items that were easy to divide, and the percentage of correct answers was low in items that were difficult to divide. When children solved the problems, they were affected by the strategies they could use immediately according to the number presented in the problem, and their learning experiences were also affected.

Pose and Expression Invariant Alignment based Multi-View 3D Face Recognition

  • Ratyal, Naeem;Taj, Imtiaz;Bajwa, Usama;Sajid, Muhammad
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.12 no.10
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    • pp.4903-4929
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    • 2018
  • In this study, a fully automatic pose and expression invariant 3D face alignment algorithm is proposed to handle frontal and profile face images which is based on a two pass course to fine alignment strategy. The first pass of the algorithm coarsely aligns the face images to an intrinsic coordinate system (ICS) through a single 3D rotation and the second pass aligns them at fine level using a minimum nose tip-scanner distance (MNSD) approach. For facial recognition, multi-view faces are synthesized to exploit real 3D information and test the efficacy of the proposed system. Due to optimal separating hyper plane (OSH), Support Vector Machine (SVM) is employed in multi-view face verification (FV) task. In addition, a multi stage unified classifier based face identification (FI) algorithm is employed which combines results from seven base classifiers, two parallel face recognition algorithms and an exponential rank combiner, all in a hierarchical manner. The performance figures of the proposed methodology are corroborated by extensive experiments performed on four benchmark datasets: GavabDB, Bosphorus, UMB-DB and FRGC v2.0. Results show mark improvement in alignment accuracy and recognition rates. Moreover, a computational complexity analysis has been carried out for the proposed algorithm which reveals its superiority in terms of computational efficiency as well.

The application of DGTs for assessing the effectiveness of in situ management of Hg and heavy metal contaminated sediment

  • Bailon, Mark Xavier;Park, Minoh;Choi, Young-Gyun;Reible, Danny;Hong, Yongseok
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.11-23
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    • 2020
  • The effectiveness of in situ sediment capping as a technique for heavy metal risk mitigation in Hyeongsan River estuary, South Korea was studied. Sites in the estuary were found previously to show moderate to high levels of contamination of mercury, methylmercury and other heavy metals. A 400 m × 50 m section of the river was selected for a thin layer capping demonstration, where the total area was divided into 4 sections capped with different combinations of capping materials (zeolite, AC/zeolite, AC/sand, zeolite/sand). Pore water concentrations in the different sites were studied using diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) probes. All capping amendments showed reduction in the pore water concentration of the different heavy metals with top 5 cm showing %reduction greater than 90% for some heavy metals. The relative maxima for the different metals were found to be translated to lower depths with addition of the caps. For two-layered cap with AC, order of placement should be considered since AC can easily be displaced due to its relatively low density. Investigation of methylmercury (MeHg) in the site showed that MeHg and %MeHg in pore water corresponds well with maxima for sulfide, Fe and Mn suggesting mercury methylation as probably coupled with sulfate, Fe and Mn reduction in sediments. Our results showed that thin-layer capping of active sorbents AC and zeolite, in combination with passive sand caps, are potential remediation strategy for sediments contaminated with heavy metals.

A study on consumer confusion, value, and price sensitivity of eco-friendly fashion product (친환경 패션제품에 대한 소비자 혼란과 가치, 가격민감성 연구)

  • Shin, Sangmoo;Lim, Yura
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.48-64
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    • 2021
  • Eco-friendly consumption is a prominent trend in the fashion industry, by which many firms attract the interest of consumers using a green marketing strategy. However, "greenwashing" (caused by distorted, exaggerated, and false information) gives rise to consumer confusion. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of consumer confusion and value on price sensitivity and purchase intention. Data was collected from 228 respondents using a questionnaire that was distributed to consumers living in Seoul and Kyunggi, South Korea. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis, and Cronbach's alpha using SPSS 23.0. The results were as follows: First, factor analysis showed the consumer value variable was significantly categorized in altruistic and self-expressive values. All variables (altruism, selfexpression, consumer confusion, price sensitivity, and purchase intention) were shown to have significantly good internal validity. Second, altruistic consumer value was shown to positively affect the purchase intention of eco-friendly fashion products, but self-expressive consumer value had no significant effect. Third, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Fourth, altruistic and self-expressive consumer values had no effect on price sensitivity. Fifth, consumer confusion on eco-friendly fashion products positively affect price sensitivity. Sixth, price sensitivity on eco-friendly fashion products had a negative effect on purchase intention. Therefore, fashion firms should provide a certified green mark to consumers to eliminate confusion and deliver the right message without greenwashing. Moreover, fashion firms should develop green marketing strategies that are more focused on altruistic consumers.

Export Prediction Using Separated Learning Method and Recommendation of Potential Export Countries (분리학습 모델을 이용한 수출액 예측 및 수출 유망국가 추천)

  • Jang, Yeongjin;Won, Jongkwan;Lee, Chaerok
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.69-88
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    • 2022
  • One of the characteristics of South Korea's economic structure is that it is highly dependent on exports. Thus, many businesses are closely related to the global economy and diplomatic situation. In addition, small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) specialized in exporting are struggling due to the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model to forecast exports for next year to support SMEs' export strategy and decision making. Also, this study proposed a strategy to recommend promising export countries of each item based on the forecasting model. We analyzed important variables used in previous studies such as country-specific, item-specific, and macro-economic variables and collected those variables to train our prediction model. Next, through the exploratory data analysis(EDA) it was found that exports, which is a target variable, have a highly skewed distribution. To deal with this issue and improve predictive performance, we suggest a separated learning method. In a separated learning method, the whole dataset is divided into homogeneous subgroups and a prediction algorithm is applied to each group. Thus, characteristics of each group can be more precisely trained using different input variables and algorithms. In this study, we divided the dataset into five subgroups based on the exports to decrease skewness of the target variable. After the separation, we found that each group has different characteristics in countries and goods. For example, In Group 1, most of the exporting countries are developing countries and the majority of exporting goods are low value products such as glass and prints. On the other hand, major exporting countries of South Korea such as China, USA, and Vietnam are included in Group 4 and Group 5 and most exporting goods in these groups are high value products. Then we used LightGBM(LGBM) and Exponential Moving Average(EMA) for prediction. Considering the characteristics of each group, models were built using LGBM for Group 1 to 4 and EMA for Group 5. To evaluate the performance of the model, we compare different model structures and algorithms. As a result, it was found that the separated learning model had best performance compared to other models. After the model was built, we also provided variable importance of each group using SHAP-value to add explainability of our model. Based on the prediction model, we proposed a second-stage recommendation strategy for potential export countries. In the first phase, BCG matrix was used to find Star and Question Mark markets that are expected to grow rapidly. In the second phase, we calculated scores for each country and recommendations were made according to ranking. Using this recommendation framework, potential export countries were selected and information about those countries for each item was presented. There are several implications of this study. First of all, most of the preceding studies have conducted research on the specific situation or country. However, this study use various variables and develops a machine learning model for a wide range of countries and items. Second, as to our knowledge, it is the first attempt to adopt a separated learning method for exports prediction. By separating the dataset into 5 homogeneous subgroups, we could enhance the predictive performance of the model. Also, more detailed explanation of models by group is provided using SHAP values. Lastly, this study has several practical implications. There are some platforms which serve trade information including KOTRA, but most of them are based on past data. Therefore, it is not easy for companies to predict future trends. By utilizing the model and recommendation strategy in this research, trade related services in each platform can be improved so that companies including SMEs can fully utilize the service when making strategies and decisions for exports.

The Effects of Attitude to Death in the Hospice and Palliative Professionals on Their Terminal Care Stress (호스피스 완화의료 전문인력의 죽음에 대한 태도가 임종돌봄 스트레스에 미치는 영향)

  • Yang, Kyung Hee;Kwon, Seong Il
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.285-293
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the effects of attitude to death in hospice and palliative professionals on their terminal care stress, and to analyze relationships among variables related to the two aforementioned parameters, such as depression and coping strategies. Methods: Participants were 131 hospice and palliative professionals from the cancer units of two tertiary hospitals and two general hospitals, two hospice facilities, two geriatric hospitals, and two convalescent hospitals in J province. Data were collected from April through June 2015 and analyzed using t-test, factor analysis, ANOVA ($Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test), ANCOVA, and Pearson's correlation and a path analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: The score for attitude to death was low (2.63), and that for depression was 0.45. Among all, 16.0% of the participants showed need for depression management. They scored 3.82 on terminal care stress. The subcategory with the highest mark was inner conflicts on limitation given availability of medical services (4.04). The score on coping strategy was low (3.13). They used passive coping strategies such as interpersonal avoidance (4.03), fulfilling basic needs (3.65) such as sleeping or eating. Attitudes to death had a direct negative effect on the terminal care stress level and indirectly affected through depression and fulfilling basic needs (CS2). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide hospice and palliative professionals with education on death and dying, as well as access to programs that provide emotional support and promote positive cognition of death and dying.