• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2015

Nowadays, the issue of maritime safety is an extremely important issue in the maritime industry and Human' Stress is one of the biggest causes of maritime accidents. The purpose of this study was to research and compare the risk marine accidents analysis methods and find the methods which used to analysis data of the human' stress and obtained the relationship between it and the risk of maritime accidents.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2011

This paper details the maritime accidents that occurred in the Philippines from 1972 to 2010. Firstly, it describes the general maritime situation in the country. It was followed by the traffic and safety infrastructure and the prevailing weather in the archipelago. The third section deals with the accidents' statistics and their geographical locations which is further sub-divided into three regions. It is grouped according to 10-year period. This paper describes the actual maritime situations, the pertinent national regulations, the inter-agencies policies and their safety regimes. It illustrates the shipping environment in the country including the maritime aids and infrastructure and the on human element factors.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The paper presents the Philippine maritime condition, safety systems and navigational aids. It aims to uplift the maritime safety systems and infrastructures by studying the different strata of the industry, thereby emphasizing on the structures, weaknesses and opportunities. It presents the different maritime agencies involved and each responsibilities. Data from PPA demonstrate the statistics of increase in the cargo throughput, passenger, shipcalls and cargo-container handled in the year 2014. It also highlights the insufficiency of different navigational aids, VTMS, MBS and TSS placed in the whole archipelago. It gathers data of maritime accidents in 10-year period, 2006-2015, showing the most occurred accidents, casualties and areas these accidents happened. It includes the weather phenomena which contribute to the maritime movements and accidents incidence. The results show that systems and infrastructures that focus on the lack of improvement in technology and over-lapping functions of different agencies of government require development and upgrading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.166-175
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• 2006

Since many years ago and in spite of the existence of national regulations and international conventions ratified by the countries that are conformed the Central American Region (CAR), the seagoing maritime sector of this Region, has developed its activity without any type of safety measures. Therefore, a large number of people are known to die, disappear and suffer from serious injuries each year. These maritime casualties devastate the families affected by these events, and severely impact the local social and economic well-being. While all these accidents occurred in this Region, non government or any other official records are available recording these casualties Due to the lack of any historical written reports about maritime casualties occurred in this Region, the compilation of this type of accidents information and data was carried out directly by the researchers in the field. Also, all the information about the CAR Maritime Organization Components was too compiled by the authors from the respective National Maritimes Authorities. From the compiled information was elaborated the CAR maritime casualties data base and from the analysis of the above data base were determined the main causes of the maritime accidents occurred in the CAR. The lack of safety measures onboard and the ignorance of the presence and influence of atmospheric phenomena were among main factors that had been caused the maritime casualties in this Region. By other hand, from the analysis of the CAR maritime organization components, the existence of one level of organization very similar among them was determinate. The objective of this research was to analyze the role of the CAR maritime organization in the prevention of the occurrence of maritime casualties. The results of this study provides general understanding of the causes of this type of accidents in the CAR and basis for support in improving safety navigation system and measures so that the number of fatalities and maritime accidents may be reduced in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.139-145
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• 2004

It is well known that human errors is involved in most of maritime accidents. For the purpose of reducing the influence of human elements on maritime activities, it is necessary to identify the human unsafe acts in those activities. The commonly used methods in identification of human unsafe acts are maritime accident statistics or case analysis. With the statistics data, people could roughly identify what kinds of unsafe acts or human errors have played active role in the accident, however, they often neglected some active unsafe acts while overestimated some mini-unsafe acts because of the inherent shortcoming of the methods. There should be some more accurate approaches for human error identification in maritime accidents. In this paper, the application of technique called grey relational analysis (GRA) into the identification of human unsafe acts is presented. GRA is used to examine the extent of connections between two digits by applying the, methodology of departing and scattering measurement to actual distance measurement. Based on the statistics data of maritime accidents occurred in Chinese waters in last 10years, the relationship between the happening times of maritime accidents and that of unsafe acts are established with GRA. In accordance with the value of grey relational grade, the identified main human unsafe acts involved in maritime accidents are ranked in following orders: improper lookout, improper use of radar and equivalent equipment, error of judgment, act not in time, improper communication, improper shiphandling, use of unsafe speed, violating the rule and ignorance of good seamanship. The result shows that GRA is an effective and practical technique in improving the accuracy of human unsafe acts identification.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

In the marine accidents judgment, investigation of truth of matters is one of important process to find out the reason of ship collision accidents. In this paper, reproduce system of ship collision accidents using ship manoeuvirng simulator technique will be introduced with which marine accidents can be easily reproduced in visual display at the case of marine accidents trial. In this system if the users select the type of ship and location of accidents, the process of ship collision will be provided in 2D and 3D display. The system also provides environmental visualizationdisplay such as fog whether and day-night view including various view angle that can be helpful to find out the reason of accidents.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.400-408
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• 2022

Maritime transportation is one of the most complicated and hazardous business fileds. Maritime accidents still occur despite several precautions since maritime is exposed to natural factors more than any other industries. In this harsh environment as a part of their job, marine pilots often embark/disembark to/ from vessels and confront life-endangering personal accidents. In the maritime field, several risk assessments are applied. However, all of them could not evaluate occupational accident risk for maritime pilot specifically. This paper performs specific risk analysis using the bow-tie method based on past accident records. This paper aims to qualify root causes and quantify root causes by importance level according to occurrence probability. As a result of analysis, occupational accident occurrence probability is found to be 14%, indicating that accident occurrence rate is significantly high. Hence, the probability of root causes triggering accidents and accident occurrence probability can be ascertained so that preventive measurements can be implemented. Besides theoretical achievement, this paper provides safety awareness to marine pilots, Marine Pilot Organizations, and ship crew who play a key role during marine pilots' transfer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.34-36
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• 2013

Despite the fact that navigation technology and educational programs were developed and maritime law has been enforced strictly, the number of maritime accidents has not dropped significantly. In order to reduce traffic accidents at sea, the preventive index for maritime accidents is designed and measured to evaluate and visualize the activities performed. The survey module is composed of preventive domains such as education, engineering, enforcement and information. The index was abstracted from the statistics of maritime accidents causes(2010~2012). It can be evaluated by using the newly developed survey modules. It was found that there is some correlation between the index value and the accident rate of maritime traffic. It is expected that this index will become another useful tool to help prevent maritime accidents.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.564-579
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• 2013

The purpose of Maritime Safety Tribunal is that experts about ship operation investigate and reveal causes of marine disasters and suggest plans to prevent recurrence in Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal which is a kind of administrative court. Despite the fact that 72% of marine disasters is fishing vessel accidents and 75% of collision accidents between vessels which most occur is related to fishing boats, it is the very serious problem that there is no any person with licenses of marine technicians for fishing vessels in judges and investigators of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal. The operational characteristics of fishing vessels, their sizes, and shift patterns of duties in wheelhouses are completely and incommensurably different from those of merchant vessels. By the way, if the investigators and judges who just consist of merchant vessel experts investigate and judge marine accidents about fishing vessels, there could be errors in establishment of policies to investigate and reveal their causes and prevent recurrence of accidents. Especially, in case of collision accidents between fishing vessels and merchant vessels, it is thought that the marine accident interested provides causes which can be doubtful about fairness of judges. Therefore, it is thought that the ratio of judges and investigators is most desirable to compose it to be similar to the occurrence frequency of marine accidents. For this, the following solution plans are suggested. First, qualification for appointment requires first class marine technicians. But there is the only one vessel which needs the first class in fishing vessels. Therefore, it is thought that the provisory clause should be added so that the second class marine technicians can be used instead of the first class ones. Second, the marine accidents of fishing vessels reach 72% but the fact that there is no any judge and investigator with licenses of marine technicians for fishing vessels is thought to go against the purpose of establishment of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal. Therefore, it is thought that there is, at least, one more judges and investigators in the central and local Korean Maritime Safety Tribunals. The same method should be applied to judge assistants and investigation assistants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

For the first Maritime Accident Inquiry System in Korea, Central Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee were founded in Seoul and District Marine Accidents Inquiry Committee in Busan city In 1963 to determine the circumstances of the accidents and causes. At the present day, it was settled as Maritime Safety Tribunal tough several revision of the Law and regulations regarding the Maritime Accident Inquiry System. In Korea, there occurred about m cases of marine accident, and as a result, about 200 people were lost human lives in average per year. In accordance with the change of circumstances such as traffic increasing and being bigger in size, being faster in speed, etc., the causes of the marine accidents become complicated year by year. Accordingly, in this moment, it is meaningful that the introduction of the Research Official who assists the Judges probing the cases fair and square. In this Paper, with the consideration of the several kinds of Research Official System, such as the Research Official of the Korean Supreme Court, the Supreme Public Prosecutors' Office and the Constitutional Court, Japanese Supreme Court, Law Clerk in USA, etc., the selection, numbers, duty of the Research Official were studied. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The Research Official to be appointed among the person having long enough career as a Judge, Investigator engaged in the Maritime Safety Tribunal due to he sho띨d have capability to confirm perfectly logical judgement and to collect enough material for the conclusion of the causes of the case. The one who understands the foreign language is preferred for the study of the foreign cases; 2. It will be logical to post 3 joint Research Officials in Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal in Seoul after due consideration the cases treated a year; 3. It will be logical for the Research Official to perform the collection of material and inspection of the scene for the trial and inquiry of the cases, to attend the cases filed suit to the Supreme Court, to make commentarial papers regarding the judged cases, to collect statistics of marine accidents and to devise a reform measure through in-depth analysis of the accidents frequently occurred, to study for the improvement of the Maritime Accident Inquiry System;