• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2022

Background: It is estimated that about 13 million artisanal and small-scale miners carry out their activities under harsh, precarious, unfriendly, and risky conditions. Yet, our understanding of the extent to which these workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) and navigate through the various risks and hazards they face is still limited. This article has two main objectives. First, it explores the extent of usage of PPE among artisanal and small-scale miners for the prevention of hazards and risks. Second, it examines the coping strategies used by these miners as a response to experiences of occupational injuries and risks Methods: A cross-sectional survey of small-scale miners was conducted in six communities across three districts in Ghana, West Africa. The mixed methods approach was adopted. A total of 148 small-scale miners participated in the study. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were held across the six communities. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the relationship between some socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational background) and the usage of PPE. Open-ended questions and responses from FGDs were analysed based on the content and verbatim quotations from miners. Results: Findings suggest that 78% of the miners interviewed do not use the appropriate PPE citing reasons such as cost, and their personal discomfort associated with use of PPE. There was no significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education and major mining activity) and the usage of PPE. The study further revealed four main coping strategies used by miners to handle the risks. These are rest, taking unprescribed medication and hard drugs, registration with health insurance scheme and savings and investments. Conclusion: This study shows that very few artisanal miners use PPE despite the significant hazards and risks to which they are exposed. The study recommends to the government to put in place measures to ensure that miners adhere to health and safety regulations before undertaking mining activities. This means that health and safety plans and use of PPE should be linked to the license acquisition process for miners.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of target position on the bowling motion. Four female high school athletes with more than four years of bowling experiences were recruited to this study. The major results of this study are as follows; When a subject treats the 1st pin, The spin angle of a coxa for the target position is largely kept from the downswing to the backswing peak point. When a subject treats the 7th pin, As the 7th pin exists at the left side for the right shoulder axis of the thrower, the movement of the ball center of the thrower from side to side is the lowest. In addition, the time required and horizontal speed appear the highest in the release section. The slant angle of a shoulder is largely increased as she moves from the backswing peak point to the release section. The twist angle of a shoulder also appears small as a throw motion is made toward the left side. When a subject treats the 10th pin, The spin angle of a shoulder and the twist angle of a body in motion appear the largest in the release section. So, there are the effects of target position on the bowling motion.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

The using frequency of processed foods and dietician's perception against management of food service at 98 food service institutions located in Jeollabuk-Do were surveyed. Food service institutions included 13 hospitals,38 schools,40 enterprises, and 7 others. Single menu (75.5%) with two (33.7%) or three (57.1%) side dish was offered. In addition, the offering ratio of boiled water and spring water was 37.8 and 32.7%, respectively. The processed foods with high using frequency were kochujang (1.19), sesame oil (1.22), and doenjang (1.30), but that of leek, onion, Chinese cabbage, and radish were 4.95, 4.62, 4.60, and 4.26, respectively. Dietician's major affairs in all type of food service institutions were cooking (64.3%), purchase (48.0%), and personnel managements (39.8%). Dieticians, however, had a low perception against safety and nutrition management. Therefore, in order to prevent the outbreak of food-borne diseases, we estimated that the education and the conversion of dietician' perception against safety and nutrition management were needed.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.303-308
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• 2021

Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections and is one of the most commonly isolated bacterial species in the hospital and continues to be an important pathogens in both community and hospital-acquires infection. The purpose of this study is to investigate the carrier rate of S. aureus and MRSA in the community and molecular genetic characteristics of these organisms. The identification of S. aureus and MRSA were done by the procedures in Murray's manual of Clinical Microbiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). MRSA strains were confirms by oxacillin disk diffusion method. forty-six strains (71.9%) of S. aureus were isolated from the nasal specimens of 64 students in health science university. twenty-two strains (22%) of 46 S. aureus were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin. twenty-two strains of the 46 S. aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The mecA genes in MRSA were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Community and nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are a significant problem worldwide. There continuous epidemiological study is to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in community acquired infections.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2015

Enterobacteriaceae is one of the major families responsible for public health threats. Due to the emergence of pathogens with antibiotic resistance, great concern has been raised regarding the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in natural environments. Therefore, the diversity of Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae was investigated in water samples collected from five streams in Korea using the cultivation method. Profiling of multi-drug resistance was conducted with isolates via disk diffusion assay. The results indicated that the Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae consisted of the following genus; Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Plesiomonas, Raoultella, Shigella and Enterobacter. These latter strains represented 49% of identified isolates. In addition, 78.3% of the identified genus exhibited resistance against more than seven out of thirteen tested antibiotics, suggesting a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in natural environments.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1986

The volatile aroma concentrates were isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The aroma concentrates obtained had a typical raw or slightly cooked mushroom-like odor, and the yield was 123 ppm. Of 27 components identified, the major components were 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 2-octenal, n-octanol and 2, 4-decadienal, including 1-octen-3-ol contributing 67.06% of the total volatiles, and the $C_8$ compounds comprised about 80% of the total volatiles. On the other hand, the $C_6$ and $C_8$ alcohols in mushroom increased gradually with increase of standing time after homogenation, while aldehydes, ketones, and linoleic acid decreased, and also $C_6$ and $C_8$ compounds were significantly increased when linoleic and linolenic acid were added in homogenates. It appears that most of volatile aroma components in Pleurotus ostreatus were probably produced enzymatically from unsaturated fatty acids containing cis, cis-1, 4-pentadiene moiety.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.718-736
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• 2014

This study was intended to determine PCK of the middle school science teachers on Mendelian genetics and factors influenced to form their PCKs. Two science teachers with biology major with a teaching experience over 5 years were chosen as the subject. Data were collected by class observation, semi-structured interview, teacher questionnaire survey, Content Representation and Pedagogical and Professional-experience Repertoire. The collected data were analyzed based on Magnusson's PCK for science teaching consisting of five components: (a) the orientation toward teaching science, (b) the knowledge of science curriculum, (c) the knowledge of students' understanding, (d) the knowledge of assessment, and (e) the knowledge and belief in the instructional strategies to teach science. Teachers could have the orientation toward teaching science served as an assisting role to support students' abilities. Both subject teachers seemed to focus on giving lectures. Their efforts to improve students' exploration methods and abilities were not expressed enough in their real classes and they found that students struggled to understand Mendelian genetics. Therefore, they should have explained them in an easier way and worked harder to make their students understood accurately and applied basic and advanced concepts of Mendelian genetics. They found students' preconception and misconception regarding Mendelian genetics and wished to enhance their learning effects by various teaching strategies such as correcting misconception, adding the history of science and simply assessing students' affirmative domains. It was also found that factors influenced to form PCK regarding Mendelian genetics by both teachers were as follows: teacher's personality and endeavor, textbooks and guidance books, schools and their circumstances, teaching experience, experience as a learner, interaction with their colleagues, and university curriculum. Both teachers said that it was important for teachers to make every efforts to give better classes.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how much secondary school home economics teachers paid attention to performance assessment, to what extent and in which way they carried it out and how much support was given to that. It's basically meant to help provide more systematic support for performance assessment. The instrument used in this study was an Interest-Based Reform Adoption Model developed by Hall. Hord and et. al. at Texas University Research & Development Center for Teacher Education. and the subjects in this study were home economics teachers from 95 secondary schools in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted by mail. the responses from 157 teachers were chosen for analysis. For data handling. SPSS/WIN program was utilized, and statistical data on mean. standard deviation and percentage were obtained. In addition. t-test and ANOVA were employed. The major findings of this study were as follows: First. as for their type of interest in performance assessment. influential type(35.0%) was most common. followed by confident type (29.3%). indifferent type(20.4%) and task type(15.3%). Second, regarding their implementation. every teacher carried out performance assessment. The largest group of the teachers fulfilled it as part of routine daily schedule(60 teachers. 38.2%). which could be called the level 4. The second largest group tried to integrate performance assessment to education programs(53 teachers. 33.8%). which could be called the level 5. The third largest group implemented it without making careful preparations for that(26 teachers. 16.6%). which could be called the level 3. and the fourth largest group tried to reinvent it(11 teachers. 7.0%), which could be called the level 6. The fifth largest group was in the middle of researching it(5 teachers, 3.2%). which could be called the level 1. And the sixth largest group was in the course of making preparations for that(2 teachers. 1.3%) . which could be named the level 2. Third. concerning how much they found themselves to be supported about performance assessment. they eave three or less marks to that. which showed that they weren't supported sufficiently There was little gap among them in their concern for performance assessment and its implementation levels. and this fact suggested that there wasn't satisfactory backup for their performance assessment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.627-633
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare and analyse periodontal terminology of 16 dental hygiene textbooks including periodontology, dental prophylaxis for the standardization. Methods : 16 kinds of major publications were classified into the following criteria. - the standardization of translation, orthography, classification Results : 1. There are twelve cases, all told, of words with same origin used as different explanation and interpretation. Mucogingival Junction is most translated as '치은점막 경계' with high percentage of 53.8%, while Probe is translated as '치주낭 측정기' with 41.7% and Acquired Pellicle is translated as '획득피막' with 57.1%. In addition, Stippling is interpreted as '점몰' with high percentage of 70%, and Supine Position is interpreted as '수평자세' or '앙와위' with 33.3%. Yet, Pen Grasp is explained differently in all five books, whereas Modified Pen Grasp is explained as '변형 연필 잡기법' with 57.1%. The rest, Palm Thumb Grasp and Adaptation, have different interpretation in books, requiring unified interpretation of terms. 2. There are two cases of loanwords expressed according to orthography. Implant is expressed as '임플란트'(87.5%) and '임프란트'(12.5%). Scaling is expressed as '스켈링'(40.0%) and '스케일링'(60.0%). 3. There are four cases of same terms classified in a different way. Classification of 'Probing시 압력' and '치주인대섬유군' concurs only 50.0% in six books. '치석제거 시술자의 위치' is classified differently in all six books, while '정상치은 열구 깊이' concurred 45.5% in books. Conclusions : In conclusion, related academic majors and writers should provide cohesive explanation and interpretation of terms for unification of terminology in the field of periodontics as well as higher level of understanding and learning opportunities for students. Furthermore, description of all terms should be reviewed and analyzed comprehensively based on existing classification criteria in order to provide best standard explanation.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2008

Objectives : Antidepressants are prescribed by not only psychiatrists but also general practitioners. However, patients' negative attitude and stigma against antidepressants are major obstacles to prescribe antidepressants in nonpsychiatric outpatient departments. We, therefore, examined patients' attitude toward antidepressant in medical and surgical group outpatient in Korea. Methods : Short item questionnaire was applied to medical group and surgical group outpatients who consented to this survey in a Korean university hospital. 100 medical and 100 surgical outpatients were surveyed. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic information, previous recognition of antidepressant, and general attitude toward attidepressants. Results : Of the 212 recipients, exclusive of erroneous and missing ones, we analyzed 200 recipients. 1) We found negative attitude toward antidepressants among both medical and surgical outpatients. 2) Medical group outpatients are answered more' antidepressants cause physically ill. 3) The persons who didn't take previously antidepressants showed more negative attitudes. 4) The most reason why they refuse to take antidepressants is concerns of side effects of antidepressants. Conclusion : There are highly negative attitude toward antidepressants between medical and surgical group outpatients. Study findings suggest the need for an active education on antidepressants to nonpsychiatric outpatients to maximize their therapeutic effect and compliance.