• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2005

This study examined the applicability of the transtheoretical model(TTM) to understanding exercise behavior of early adulthood. A cross-sectional study was conducted and data wee collected from 1618 adults aged from 20 to 39 through internet survey. Major conclusions wee as follows: 1. Stage distribution for exercise behavior was 15.6%, 26%, 25%, 19%, 14.4% for precentemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance stages, respectively. 2. Behavioral processes were more frequently utilized than cognitive processes for action and maintenance stage. 3. Self-reevaluation, social liberation and reinforcement were frequently used in precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages. Self-reevaluation, reinforcement, self-liberation were frequently used in action and maintenance stages. 4. Pros of exercise behavior began to be higher than cons of exercise behavior from the actions stage and continued to increase to maintenance stage. 5. Self-efficacy was higher in action stage than precontemplation, contemplation and preparation stages and the highest in maintenance stage.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2008

For the correct dietary habit and balanced dietary intake of aged people, the nutrition management that fits to the dietary behavior change stage has to be accomplished. In order to do so, in this paper, we chose 175 women that are aged more than 65 years old who are rural long life community residents and surveyed the dietary intake for 2 days including a twice depth interview and the 24 hour recall method. Also, for the sake of our aim, using the transtheoretical model, the dietary behavior change stage group was divided into the contemplation stage group, the preparation stage group, the action stage group and the maintenance stage group. The results are as follows: In the intake amount of protein (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.05) and vitamin $B_6$ (p < 0.05), the intake amount of these nutrients in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly larger than the intake amount in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group. The nutrition evaluation according to the dietary behavior change stage, the ratio of subjects who took insufficient amount of energy, protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C were low as the dietary behavior change stage was upgraded. The subjects of maintenance stage group were most likely to consume vegetables more than once a day, and consume fruits and milk and milk products more than 5 times/week. MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly higher than MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group (p < 0.001). From the above results, there were differences of nutrient intakes according to the dietary behavior change stage. Therefore, it is considered that the intervention for the dietary behavior motivation induction has to be advanced before accomplishing the individually fitting intervention at the time of nutrient management intervention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2006

Given a schedule of train to be routed by a Railway Stock, Railway Stock Routing Problem determine a sequence of train while satisfying turnaround time and maintenance restrictions. The objective is to minimize the Railway Stock during a week and each day simultaneously. And we prove that Railway Stock Routing Problem with maintenance restrictions is NP-hard. In this paper, we present two stage approaches that solve the Railway Stock Routing Problem in a reasonable time. In first stage we relax maintenance restrictions and formulate as a Min-cost-flow problem. Then, in the second stage, we attempt to satisfy maintenance restrictions using ours heuristic algorithm. We show the computational result of applying to an actual train schedule data.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.1557-1564
• /
• 2016

Recently, an extended warranty of a system following the expiration of the basic warranty is becoming increasingly popular to the user. In this respect, we suggest a two stage maintenance policy under the non-renewing warranty from the user's point of view in this paper. In the first stage, the user has to decide whether or not to purchase the extended warranty period. And, in the second stage, the optimal replacement period following the expiration of the warranty is determined. Under the extended warranty, the failed system is minimally repaired by the manufacturer at no cost to the user. We utilize the expected cost from the user's perspective to determine the optimal two stage maintenance policy. Finally, a few numerical examples are given for illustrative purpose.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.391-401
• /
• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify variables that influence smoking cessation based on the transtheoretical model. Methods: Variables that influence the stages of change in smoking cessation were selected based on transtheoretical model. Data were collected from 176 men aged 30-64 who smoked, Data collection was done in community settings in Seoul and vicinity, Korea between December, 1999 and June, 2000. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and logistic analysis using the pc-SAS program. Results: According to the logit model, the influence of significant variables on stage of change for smoking cessation suggest that ; When the scores for Pros in decision making for smoking cessation are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the action, precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be lower than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of habitual craving in smoking temptation is high, the possibility that the subjects are in the precontemplation and contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of smoking temptation in negative affect situations are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. When the scores of cognitive process in the process of change are high, the possibility that the subjects are in the contemplation stage of change will be higher than the possibility that the subjects are in the maintenance stage of change. Conclusions : The results provide evidence that physical and psychological dependence on smoking are main barriers to smoking cessation. Therefore nursing interventions based on stage that focus on increasing motivation and intention for smoking cessation need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2016

Although the scale and number of university facilities have increased, the maintenance of these facilities has not been efficient as maintenance costs incurred during facility operation periods, as well as management time, have not been sufficiently considered. In this study, the maintenance record data of national universities was compared and analyzed to analyze factors that incur maintenance costs according to the uses and costs of the facilities. According to the results, the number of cases of maintenance and repair work for basic educational facilities was shown to be the largest, accounting for 79%. The number of maintenance and repair work occurred according to work type was examined. According to the results, the highest ratio of maintenance and repair work occurred in the field of construction, specifically, the maintenance costs required for facility supplementation accounted for the highest ratio. Maintenance costs per unit area decreased over time in the newer university facilities, while showing a tendency to increase in older university facilities. However, there were cases where maintenance costs did not show any trends due to factors such as the limited maintenance budgets owing to the characteristics of public service facilities and facilities in the stage of deterioration or destruction after the stage of stabilization. This study is considered to be helpful for efficient university facility maintenance plans and budget calculations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.1101-1110
• /
• 2003

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the stage of change of smoking cessation behavior and investigate factors associated with the stage of smoking cessation behavior according to the transtheoretical model. Methods. The participants, 297 smokers & quitters were selected by a stratified random sampling from 127 high school sophomore students in B city. Data were collected from April 6th to 16th, in 2002 using the structured self-report questionnaire. Results. The subjects were distributed in each stage of change of smoking cessation behavior: there were 46 subjects (15.5%) in precontemplation, 73 subjects (24.6%) in contemplation, 67 subjects(22.3%) in preparation, 56 subjects (18.5%) in action, 55 subjects (18.5%) in maintenance. Compared to the precontemplation and contemplation, people in preparation tended to smoke daily more and smoked for a shorter time, and as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance, past 1 year smoking cessation frequency increased and friends smoking decreased. Smoking onset age was the earliest in preparation, and the latest in maintenance. Helping relationships and self relationships are used a lot in precontemplation and also in contemplation. In preparation, self liberation and helping relationships are used a lot, in action, self liberation and helping relationships, and in maintenance, self liberation and environmental reevaluation. At each stage, the score of negative affect situation was the highest, but the one of negative affect situation, positive social situation, habitual strength, weight control decreased as precontemplation progressed to the maintenance. While the score of social pros and coping pros decreased with increasing stage, the one of cons tended to increase. Through stepwise discriminant analysis, it was found that social pros, smoking onset age, delf-libration were the most influencing powers among factors associated with the stages of smoking cessation behavior. Conclusions. This study suggested that, in developing an effective smoking cessation intervention for adolescents, all the stage of a client's cessation had to be assessed prior to applying intervention programs. In addition, the results of this study will become a pillar of smoking cessation program planning and application.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of exercise behavior using Transtheoretical Model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study method was a survey in 100 type 2 DM patients at out-patients clinic of Y medical center from March 19, 2000 to October 30, 2000. Result: The results were as follows: The subjects were divided into five stages of exercise behavior ; 15.0% in pre-contemplation stage, 33.0% in contemplation stage, 17.0% in preparation stage, 16.0% in action stage and 19.0% in maintenance stage. The subjects in pre-contemplation stage used all processes of change in the least. "Dramatic relief(DR)", "Environmental reevaluation(ER)" and "Self reevaluation(SR)" were identified as main processes of change in contemplation stage. "Consciousness raising(CR)", "DR" were used higher than average in preparation stage. Helping relationships(HR)", "CR", "ER", "SR", "Social liberation(SL)", "Counter conditioning (CC)", "Reinforcement management(RM)", "Self iberation(SEL)" and "Stimulus control(SC)" were used higher than average in action stage. The subjects in maintenance stage used all process of change the highest except "DR"and "HR". "Cons" score of decisional balance was the highest in pre-contemplation stage, "Pros" score was the highest in action stage and "Self-efficacy" score was the highest in maintenance stage. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching exercise program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2019

In this paper, the preventive maintenance strategy in operation stage of a bridge using Bayesian inference is proposed. The proposed technique can be used to predict the variation in the performance (or condition) of the bridge with higher accuracy, considering the uncertainty of monitoring. The applicability of the proposed method to the existing bridges is verified and analyzed that have an advantage in terms of maintenance cost efficiency compared to the conventional periodic maintenance system, which establishes maintenance after damage. It is expected that the proposed preventive maintenance method can be used to overcome the limitation of the conventional periodic maintenance method and to make practical bridge maintenance decision.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2021.05a
• /
• pp.51-52
• /
• 2021

The maintenance of educational facilities is divided into inspection and management of facility managers residing in the school and Educational Environment Improvement Projects(EEIP) to carry out maintenance work. Educational support organizations collect maintenance requests through facility inspections by school-specific facility managers, and carry out numerous maintenance projects during the year. The EEIP has the characteristic of Program Management with interrelationships between projects, not multiple projects management. The purpose of the EEIP is to eliminate the inconvenience of school facility users and increase their satisfaction, and achieving the goal is judged to be successful. Despite the importance of management and performance measurement utilizing Critical Success Factor(CSF) for the operation of successful educational facility maintenance management programs, the system for achieving the goals is insufficient. This study derives CSFs for each stage of the EEIP for the success of the EEIP. The CSFs for each stage of the EEIP is expected to serve as a basis for evaluation of educational facility maintenance management programs and can be used as an evaluation index in the future.