• 생약학회지
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• 제34권3호통권134호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2003

The effects of chelidonine, a benzophenanthridine isoquinoline alkaloid, on L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. The treatment of PC12 cells with chelidonine $(1-4\;{\mu}M)$ decreased dopamine content in a dose-dependent manner (30.2% inhibition at $4\;{\mu}M)$. Chelidonine was not cytotoxic up to $4\;{\mu}M)$. However, chelidonine at concentrations higher than $5\;{\mu}M$ caused a cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. L-DOPA at concentrations higher than $50\;{\mu}M$ led to cell damage by oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Chelidonine at non-cytotoxic concentration ranges of $1-4{\mu}M$ aggravated L- DOPA $(20-50\;{\mu}M)$-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. The L-DOPA-induced cytotocxicity was synergistically stimulated by chelidonine at concentrations grader than $5\;{\mu}M$. These data demonstrate that chelidonine exacerbates L-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is proposed that the long-term L-DOPA therapeutic patients with chelidonine may need to be checked for the adverse symptoms.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate airborne lead concentration and surface lead contents in preschool facilities. Arithmetic mean of indoor lead concentration in urban area was $44.7\;ng/m^3$ (Geometric mean $32.1\;ng/m^3$) whereas outdoor concentration was $39.5\;ng/m^3$ (GM $22.8\;ng/m^3$). In rural area, airborne lead concentrations were $14.2\;ng/m^3\;(GM\;7.9 ng/m^3),\;12.6\;ng/m^3\;(GM\;5.6 ng/m^3)$, respectively. There is statistical significance of the lead concentrations among the locations of preschool facilities. About $37\%$ of qualitative lead check samples was positive and mainly was found in lead based paint. Though lead concentrations on the floor and window sill were well below the US EPA and HUD standard (floor $40\;{\mu}g/ft^2\;(4.3\;{\mu}g/100\;cm^2)$, window sill $250\;{\mu}g/ft^2\;(26.9\;{\mu}g/100\;cm^2)$, respectively), there were much samples which exceed the standard, i.e., $29\%$ of surface wall, $20\%$ of the desk and chair, $100\%$ of painted wood box of tested samples. In view of our study and hazard of lead to children, we recommended that the contents of lead in preschool facilities should be lowered as possible.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2011

Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC), is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis. Detection of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis using conventional culture- and biochemical-based assays is time-consuming. Therefore, a simple and sensitive molecular assay for rapid detection would be of great help in specific situations such as faster diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) infection in the abattoirs. We developed a novel multiplex real-time PCR assay which was applied directly to biological samples with evidence of bTB and it was allowed to differentiate between M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. The primers and TaqMan probes were designed to target the IS1081 gene, the multi-copy insertion element in the MTC and the 12.7-kb fragment which presents in M. tuberculosis, not in the M. bovis genome. The assay was optimized and validated by testing 10 species of mycobacteria including M. bovis and M. tuberculosis, and 10 other bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, and cattle lymph nodes (n=113). The tests identified 96.4% (27/28) as M. bovis from the MTC-positive bTB samples using conventional PCR for specific insertion elements IS1081. And MTC-negative bTB samples (n=85) were tested using conventional PCR and the real-time PCR. When comparative analyses were conducted on all bovine samples, using conventional PCR as the gold standard, the relative accuracy of real-time PCR was 99.1%, the relative specificity was 100%, and the agreement quotient (kappa) was 0.976. The detection limits of the real-time PCR assays for M. bovis and M. tuberculosis genomic DNA were 10 fg and 0.1 pg per PCR reaction, respectively. Consequently, this multiplex real-time PCR assay is a useful diagnotic tool for the identification of MTC and differentiation of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis, as well as the epidemiologic surveillance of animals slaughtered in abattoir.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.438-446
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed in order to determine airborne fungi levels in homes and find related factors that may affect airborne fungi concentration. Methods: Fifty homes were study subjects for measuring airborne fungi. For sampling airborne fungi, the impaction method on agar plates was used and samples were counted as colony forming units per cubic meter of air ($CFU/m^3$). In addition, information regarding housing characteristics and atopic disease in each home were collected via questionnaire. Results: The geometric means (GM) of airborne fungi concentrations in fifty living rooms and bedrooms were 68.03 and 62.93 $CFU/m^3$, respectively. The GM of airborne fungi concentration in atopy homes was 78.42 $CFU/m^3$. This was higher than non-atopy homes' 54.34 $CFU/m^3$ (p-value=0.051). In the results of the multiple regression analysis, outdoor airborne fungal concentration proved a strong effective factor on indoor airborne fungal concentration. Also, construction year, floor area of house, indoor smoking and frequency of ventilation were factors that showed a significant association with indoor airborne fungi concentration. Conclusions: The results of this study show that some housing and living characteristics may affect the development and increase of airborne fungi. In addition, exposure to airborne fungi may be a risk factor for the prevalence of childhood atopic diseases.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.541-549
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• 1997

This study was done to describe health promoting lifestyle and determine affecting factors in elderly based on the Heath Promotion Model by Pender. Cognitive-perceptual factors that were included in this study were self-efficacy and hardiness. Modifying factors were demographic characteristics (sex, age, partner, previous illness, education level. income and religion). The specific purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of self-efficacy, hardiness and the demographic chasteristics to health promoting lifestyle and to determine causal factors affecting the elderly. The subjects were a volunteer sample of 98 elderly in one city in? The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47items, 4scale), Health Related Hardiness Scale(22i1ems, 6scale), general Self-Efficacy Scale(13i1ems, 5scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple regression technique with SAS program were used to analyse the data. The Results of the study are as follows : 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyle was 2.63, the highest score on the subscales was interpersonal support (M=3.3), followed by self-actulization(M=2.9), nutrition(M=2.8), stress management(M=2.7), health responsibility(M=2.1) with the lowest bring exercise(M=2.0) 2) A significant difference between education level, income, religion and health promoting lifestyle were found. 3) All of the subscales on health promoting lifestyle were positively related to total hardiness (r=0.330, p<0.001). The hardiness subscale of control was positively related to self-actulization(r=0.276, p<0.01), and commitment was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01), interpersonal support(r=0.278, p<0.01), stress management(r=0.250, p<0.01). Challenge was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between self-efficacy and all of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy showed a significant correlation only with control(r=0.469, p<0.001), comittment(r=0.507, p<0.001), challenge (r=0.489, p< 0.001). 4) Comittment, self-efficacy and income explained 25.01% of the variance for the total health promoting lifestyle. The results of this study show that commitment, self efficacy and income predicted the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly. So health promoting programs that increase commitement and self-efficacy should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the elderly, especially those who have low income.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 2011년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.416-420
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• 2011

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2007

현재의 PET/CT 시스템은 양질의 CT 영상을 추가함으로 인하여 기존의 PET 만의 시스템에 비하여 정확한 병소 위치의 지정으로 인한 진단적 가치를 높인 뛰어난 장비로 알려져 있다. 대부분의 PET/CT 시스템은 기존의 PET시스템에서 감쇠 지도를 만들기 위하여 사용하던 $^{68}Ge$ 또는 $^{137}Cs$ 등의 투과선원이 아닌 CT data를 감쇠 지도로 사용함으로 인하여 감쇠보정을 위한 획득시간을 획기적으로 줄여주었다. 그러나 이 감쇠 보정용 CT의 사용은 환자의 피폭선량을 증가시키는 결과를 초래하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 PET/CT 시스템에서 PET 영상의 감쇠지도로 쓰이는 CT를 수행할 경우 원하는 화질을 유지할 수 있는 상태에서의 최저의 관전류값을 평가하는 것이었다. 영상 획득을 위한 기기로는 GE DSTe PET/CT 시스템을 사용하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 3D 호프만 팬텀과 원통형 팬텀에 1.190 mCi의 $^{18}F-FDG$를 주입하여 PET 영상 및 CT 영상을 획득하였으며 관전류를 140 kVp, 조사시간을 8초로 고정한 상태에서 CT의 관전류 값을 95 mA, 45 mA, 40 mA, 35 mA, 30 mA, 25 mA, 20 mA, 15 mA, 10 mA로 바꾸어가면서 영상을 획득하여 감쇠지도를 만든 후 그 data를 이용하여 재구성한 각각의 PET 영상의 질을 평가하였다. 영상평가를 위한 지표로는 CT 영상의 표준편차와 PET 영상에서의 회백질과 백질과의 비의 값을 이용하였다. 연구 결과 호프만 팬텀을 이용한 PET 영상에서의 회백질과 백질의 비율은 감쇠지도용 CT의 사용 관전류 95 mA, 45 mA, 40 mA, 35 mA, 30 mA, 25 mA, 20 mA, 15 mA, 10 mA에서 각각 3.79:1, 3.79:1, 3.78:1, 3.78:1, 3.77:1, 3.72:1, 3.72:1, 3.76:1, 3.76:1로 측정되었다. 이를 통하여 GE DSTe PET/CT 시스템의 경우 기기가 수행할 수 있는 최저의 관전류로 영상을 재구성하여도 PET 영상의 질에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 GE DSTe PET/CT 시스템에 한정되어 수행된 연구로서 본 연구에서 사용된 시스템뿐만 아니라 다른 시스템에서도 지속적인 연구를 하여 환자에 대한 피폭을 최소화하기 위한 영상 획득방식의 최적화가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-141
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 비료나 수지의 원료물질로 알려진 멜라민이 최근 수입식품 및 가공식품 등에서 검출되어 국제적으로 문제가 되어 생체시료 중 멜라민의 분석법을 확립하고 벨리데이션을 실시하여 신뢰성을 확보하고자 하였다. 생체시료(뇨 및 혈액) 중 멜라민 및 시아누르산 분석을 위해 단백질 침전법, 액체상 추출법으로 불순물을 제거하였고 LC/MS를 이용한 멜라민 최적분석법의 벨리데이션 결과에서 검출한계는 0.2 ng/mL(멜라민), 2.0 ng/mL(시아누르산)이었으며 각 정량범위내의 직선성은 0.9990이상을 가졌다. 뇨및 혈 중 멜라민의 quality control 시료는 0.5 ng/mL, 0.8 ng/mL, 2.0 ng/mL, 3.0 ng/mL으로서 뇨 중 멜라민 및 시아누르산의 정확성은 91.6%-107.6%범위를 나타내었고 정밀성은 2.0%-11.8%으로 나타났다. 혈 중 멜라민 및 시아누르산의 정확성은 94.9%-119.0%범위를 나타내었고 정밀성은 3.7%-13.5%으로 나타났다. 또한, GC/MS를 이용한 멜라민 분석의 검출한계는 5.0 ng/mL(멜라민), 5.0 ng/mL(시아누르산)이었고, 뇨 및 혈중 멜라민의 quality control 시료는 10.0~40.0 ng/mL이었으며, 뇨 및 혈 중 멜라민 및 시아누르산의 정확성은 83.7%~ 10.7% 범위를 나타내었고, 정밀성은 3.5%-13.8% 으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2001

This study was designed to determine serum osmolality and to investigate the association among serum osmolality, health-related factors and biochemical indices. Two hundred thirty seven elderly(86 male, 151 female : mean age 73.8) residing in the chungbuk area participated. Sociodemographic data and self-perceived health status were obtained by interview, and biochemical parameters were measured. The mean serum osmolaity was 301.2$\pm$10.1 mOsm/kg(range 240.8~328.9 mOsm/kg) and serum osmolality of the females(302.4 mOsm/kg) was significantly(p＜0.05) higher than that of the males(299.0 mOsm/kg). Only 11.0% of the elderly were within the accepted normal range(280~295 mOsm/kg) and the majority of the subjects were in a hyperosmolar state(60.8% : 296~307 mOsm/kg). It was observed that serum osmolality was reduced with increasing age but not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in serum osmolality according to marital status. Serum osmolality was significantly lower(p＜0.05) in the elderly with higher self-perceived health scores than the elderly with lower self-perceived health scores, however no significant difference was observed between the presence or absence of disease. Serum osmolality tended to be higher(p=0.06) in the elderly with difficulty in mobility than the elderly who have no problem in mobility. Serum osmolality tended to be higher(p=0.06) among drug users compared to that of non-users. There was a significant association between serum osmolality and serum albumin in females but not in males. Significant associations were shown between serum osmolality and serum transferrin in both sexes. However, there was no significant correlation between serum osmolality and hemoglobin or hematocrit except with hematocrit in females only. The results of this study indicated that the elderly were dehydrated and hydration state seems to influence health status and, the elderly should be encouraged to drink an adequate amount of fluids. Also, the hydration state is required to be assessed and considered for the interpretation of biochemical parameters.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

Objectives: To review reference levels by the international and domestic management and provide the basis for setting occupational exposure limits(OELs) of radon in Korea Methods: Government's organizations with laws and systems for monitoring radon exposure were investigated and compared. There are five laws governing Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) control such as Occupational Safety and Health Act, Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, Etc. Act, School Health Act, Public Health Control Act and Parking Lot Act in Korea. It was surveyed that a total of 32 countries including 24 countries in the European Union(EU), six countries in Asian and two countries in North America setting the reference levels for radon in the world. Results: In Korea, there are set guidelines for radon in the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Education. Reference levels of radon for existing dwellings were $150{\sim}400Bq/m^3$ for Western European countries, and $200{\sim}1,500Bq/m^3$ in Eastern European countries. Approximately 67% of those EU countries were set up $400Bq/m^3$ to the standards for existing dwellings. EU countries such as Luxembourg, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia had adopted mandatory level for radon. Radon guidelines for new dwellings were set more strictly reference level($200Bq/m^3$) than existing dwellings. Conclusions: International organizations such as ICRP, UNSCEAR and NCRP, etc. had recommended the guidelines for radon. It was calculated the relation of the dose conversion factors with the annual effective doses. the OELs of radon suggest to need to establish $150Bq/m^3$ for office room and $400{\sim}1,000Bq/m^3$ for the workplace.