• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify dietary factors related to infertility in Korean women through a case-control study. Methods: The case group was composed of 236 women who had been diagnosed as infertility in hospital. The control group of 181 healthy women with children were recruited from local immunization centers. Socio-economic status, medical history, dietary intakes using food frequency questionnaire and stress were surveyed by interview. Anthropometric measurements were made and the causes of infertility were identified through medical records. Fasting blood samples were taken from subgroup of the subjects. Results: The mean age of infertile and control groups was 31.1 and 32.4 years, respectively and the difference was statistically significant. The mean Body Mass Index of infertile women was not significantly different from control women, however, Waist/ Hip Ratio and Triceps Skinfolds Thickness were significantly lower in infertile women than in control women. The dietary intake status was generally satisfactory in both groups. The intakes of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, retinol, vitamin B2 and niacin were lower in infertile women than in control women. The infertile women also showed lower intakes of animal foods. No differences were found between two groups in serum concentrations of albumin, hemoglobin, Fe, TIBC, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C3, IgA, IL-2, however, infertile women showed higher levels of Zn and IgG. The stress score was higher in infertile women. Conclusions: From the results of this study, dietary factors and nutritional status do not seem to be directly related to infertility. However, the intertile women have lower nutrient intake and lower body fat content than control women. Further researches are needed according to the causes of infertility for long term to establish the relationship between dietary factors and infertility.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: Parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated cholestasis (PNAC) is one of the most common complications in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of PNAC in VBLWIs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 322 VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital from July 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. We excluded 72 dead infants; 6 infants were transferred to another hospital, and 57 infants were transferred to our hospital at 2 weeks after birth. The infants were divided into the cholestasis and the non-cholestasis groups. PNAC was defined as a direct bilirubin level of ${\geq}2.0mg/dL$ in infants administered with PN for ${\geq}2weeks$. Results: A total of 187 VLBWI were enrolled in this study; of these, 46 infants developed PNAC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of PNAC in VLBWI were longer duration of antimicrobial use (odds ratio [OR] 4.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.42-4.58), longer duration of PN (OR 2.68, 95% CI 2.41-3.00), long-term lack of enteral nutrition (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.43-3.37), occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 2.40, 95% CI 2.16-2.83), and gastrointestinal operation (OR 2.19, 95% CI 2.03-2.58). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that shorter PN, aggressive enteral nutrition, and appropriate antimicrobial use are important strategies in preventing PNAC.

• 대한치료과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program to show the effects on elderly people with dementia by presenting them to clinics and welfare facilities such as long-term care facilities. Method: This study was conducted in 20 elderly patients with dementia and randomly assigned to exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program. After screening the subjects for compliance with the criteria, Before starting the experiment, activites of daily living, depression, and nitive evaluation were performed. After 8 weeks, 3 times per week, 40 minutes per intervention, and 4 and 8 weeks, respectively K-MBI, GDSSF-K and MMSE-K were used to evaluate the differences between the experimental and control groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the daily activities, depression, and cognitive scores between the groups of exercise program combined with spaced retrieval and exercise program group. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups after training (p<.05). Particularly, there was statistically significant difference in post-training cognitive evaluation (MMSE-K) only in the exercise program combined with spaced retrieval group (p<.05) Conclusion: This study suggests that exercise program combined with spaced retrieval is more effective in improving cognitive ability. This suggests that the exercise program combined with spaced retrieval is more effective.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate compliance by analyzing and comparing treatment duration, degree of improvement after treatment and treatment response of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients according to characteristics of them and the severity of the lesion. Methods: According to treatment process, 132 subjects with OLP who first visited the Department of Oral Medicine at the Pusan National University Dental Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020were classified into three groups: Treatment completed (CT) group, Under treatment (UT) group, and Dropped out during follow-up (DT) group. The reticulation/keratosis, erythema, and ulceration (REU) scoring system was used to assess the severity of OLP. The degree of improvement after treatment was evaluated in CT group. Results: There were 53 (40.15%) CT, 27 (20.45%) UT and 52 (39.39%) DT. In CT group, according to initial REU score there was a statistical difference in the degree of improvement, but not in the length of time to complete treatment. There was no statistical difference between the days it took for patients to feel symptom relief, and the days of entire treatment among three groups. However, there was a positive correlation between the REU score of gingiva and duration of treatment in DT group. In the CT and DT groups, there was a correlation between the length of time taken to relieve symptoms and the duration of treatment. Conclusions: The severity of the gingival lesion and the initial response to treatment have a large effect on the entire treatment period and prognosis, so it should be considered when explaining the disease prognosis and treatment period to patients, and the clinician needs to focus on initial symptom relief.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2022

The current research aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of the early intervention program based on electronic games in developing the visual perception of children with intellectual disabilities within the age group of (2-5) years, using the quasi-experimental approach with one group, and the study sample consisted of (11) children with disabilities. Simple and medium intellectuals enrolled in the early intervention program at the Successful Communication Center for Day Care in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and were deliberately selected. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared and applied the visual perception scale after ensuring its validity and stability. Three electronic games were also designed and applied to the sample for (17) sessions. The results showed the effectiveness of the electronic games program in developing the visual perception of children with intellectual disabilities within the age group (2-5) years and maintaining this improvement over time. Where the results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level (α = 0.05) between the grades of the group children in the pre and post-measurements on the visual perception skills scale for children with intellectual disabilities in the post-measurement after applying the program, in favor of the post measurement. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the level (α = 0.05) between the grades of the group children in the two post and follow-up measurements on the visual perception skills scale for children with intellectual disabilities in the follow-up measurement which indicates the long-term impact of the program. The researchers recommend the necessity of activating educational programs based on various electronic games to develop the visual perception of children with intellectual disabilities and employ them effectively in the educational process for children with intellectual disabilities.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2000

배경 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 호흡부전에 의해 기계호흡을 시행하게 되는 경우 그 결과에 관한 성적 및 결과를 예측할 수 있는 인자를 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 지난 10년간 국립의료원 내과에서 기계호흡을 받았던 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자 44명에서 총 53차례의 기계호흡을 대상으로 의무 기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 기계호흡으로부터 이탈 성공률 및 생존군의 3개월과 1년 생존률을 각각 구하였으며 기계호흡에서 성공적으로 이탈하여 생존한 환자군과 이탈하지 못하고 사망한 환자군으로 나누어 비교하여 사망 또는 생존을 예측할 수 있는 인자를 구하고자 하였다. 또한 3개월 시점과 1년 시점에서의 생존군과 사망군을 비교하여 생존과 관련있는 인지를 확인해 보았다. 결과 : 총 44명의 환자가 53차례의 기계호흡을 받았는데 이 중 55%인 29례가 이탈에 성공하여 생존하였으며 나머지는 기계호흡과 관련하여 사망하였다. 기계호흡 당시 환지들의 연령은 평균 74세 (51-89세)였으며, 남자수는 19명에서 총 22차례, 여자는 25명에서 31차례였다. 생존군과 사망군의 비교에서 나이, 성별, 동반 질환, 이전 스테로이드 사용 여부, 호흡부전의 원인, 심전도상 우심설비후, 부정맥, 혈중 알부민 수치, ABGA 결과, $FEV_1$ 기계호흡 기간 기계호흡 중 스테로이드 사용 여부 등은 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 APACHE II score 의 경우만 생존군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 29례 생존군의 추적 결과를 보면 3개월 생존이 17례로 61%이고 1년 생존은 9례로 37% 였다. 3개월 생존과 관련한 인자를 보면 3개월 시점에서의 생존군이 사망군에 비해 연령이 유의하게 낮았으며 혈중 알부민 수치는 유의하게 높았다. 1년 시점에서의 결과도 마찬가지였다. 생존에 영향을 미치는 두 가지 인자를 조합하여 생존군을 분류해 보았을 때 연령이 75세 미상이고 알부민 수치가 3g/dl 미만인 경우 1년 시점에서 생존자가 한 명도 없었다. 결론 : 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 기계호흡시 이탈 성공은 APACHE II score와 관련이 있으며 장기 생존은 환자의 연령과 영양상태에 영향을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

본 연구는 치매안심센터의 치매환자 보호자에게 미충족 치매정보를, 종사자에게는 프로그램에 대한 효과성을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자는 S시 25개 자치구의 치매안심센터에서 보호자 114명, 종사자 217명을 대상으로 하였으며, 기간은 2019년 11월 1일부터 2020월 1월 30일까지이다. 연구도구 중 미충족 치매정보는 7문항의 Likert 5점 척도, 위기관리수준은 6항목, 10문항의 Likert 5점 척도로 구성된 설문지를 사용하였다. 연구결과 우울한 보호자가 그렇지 않은 보호자에 비해 미충족 치매정보를 경험할 비율이 12.3배 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 위기관리수준이 미흡하다고 인식한 종사자일수록 프로그램 효과성이 8.98배 높게인식하였으며(p=.004), 사회복지사가 간호사에 비해 2.81배나 높게인식하였다(p=.091). 결론적으로, 치매안심센터 서비스 수준을 단기간에 최고로 만들기 위한 일방적 정책보다 지역사회 주민들과 다양한 의견교환을 통해 그들의 필요를 충족해 나가는 쌍방향 운영이 필요하다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.65-81
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• 1980

This study is aimed at investigating the compensatory education which was already implemented or is being implemented in the U.S.A. and Japan; and at studying the types of programs and their characteristics; and at sounding out the possibilities of the application of such programs in family and social conditions is Korea. In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, the established items for the study are as follows: (1) Various types of early children's education (2) Programs of compensatory education for the disadvantaged Children (3) Head Start Program, Early Training Project and Montessori School (4) Integrated Preschool Programs (5) Day-Care Center for employed mothers We investigated the various compensatory education programs for the preschool children who are in economically, socially, culturally disadvantaged conditions. Head Start Programs were federally supported programs for preschool children and opened as summer programs in 1965 for the first time. The purpose of Head Start has been to give preschool children the kinds of experiences they need in preparation for school. The Head Start children were found to be significantly better prepared for school than the normal children. However, after six to eight months, their initial advantages had virtually. disappeared and then the simple problem with Head Start and other such programs was that little long-term good could be evidenced unless the high quality educational environment was maintained. Therefore, to solve this problem, three other programs were funded as part of the overall Head Start. These three programs are the Parent-Child Center, Home Start, and the Child and Family Resources Program. The Early Training Project for disadvantaged children was implemented by Klaus and Gray of Peabody College in 1962. The program was a field research study concerned with the development and testing over time of procedures for improving the educability of young children from low income homes. Its major concern was to study whether it was possible to offset the progressive retardation observed in the public schooling careers of children, living in deprived circumstances. Children, who were trained through the Early Training Project were superior to control groups in the test of IQ and vocabulary as well as linguistic abilities, and preparation for reading. This project showed the possibilities which could prevent preschool children from being disadvantaged socially, culturally and mentally. In 1907, Montessori School was established by Maria Montessori in Italy and her school program has been introduced at present to several countries in the world as one compensatory educations. She first began her experimental methods with retarded children, followed by disadvantaged children from the tenements of Rome. The Montessori approach futures a prepared environment and carefully designed, self-correcting materials. The Montessori curriculum presents tastes that feature sequence, order, and regularity, in addition to those that develop motor and sensory skills. She was interested in children's intellectual development and in developing good work habits. One of the latest developed programs for disadvantaged children is "Integrated Preschool Program" which has successfully integrated handicapped and nonhandicapped children. Several studies have showed that handicapped children in integrated school environments are accepted by and interact with their nonhandicapped peers. In fact, this program provides a number of potential, and perhaps opportunities for nonhandicapped children to serve as valuable resources in fostering the development of their handicapped peers. Next we turn to Japanese programs which are divided into two different types. One is Day-Care Center which was established by Child Welfare Law and the other is kindergarten organized by School Education Law. The kindergarten opened in 1876 and it has been part of school systems since 1947 by the implementation of education law, and the Day-Care Center which started in 1890 for the employed mothers. was changed into Day-Nursery by the enactment of child welfare law in 1947. The laws and operational regulations for the Day-Nursery were set up and were put in effect by the establishment standard acts of children welfare facilities, and the Day-Nursery has been operated in various types by the increasing demand, chiefly because of the socio-economical changes of family structures in both urban and suburban areas. Nursery education for physically and mentally disadvantaged children is for those who are blind, deaf and dumb, mentally retarded; physically disadvantaged by accidents or diseases. Montessori education in Japan was started in 1968 and many research groups for studying Montessori were organized. In 1977, Montessori remedial education society was also organized in which they started a number of studies; a study for developing materials; in-service training for the remedial education; and seminars and lectures, etc It is strongly suggested that we study the early educations that are being implemented in Japan and a variety of compensatory educations that were already implemented in the U.S.A. and modify them for the organization of our own model and properly accommodate them to our social needs.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.578-588
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• 2008

소아치과학이 목표로 하는 어린이와 청소년의 구강건강을 달성하기 위하여는 민간 치과의료기관에서 내원 환자를 대상으로 하는 진료만으로는 한계가 있으며 공공서비스(公共service)의 역할이 필요하다. 학교구강보건실이 설치된 초등학교는 전체의 7.2%이었고, 초등학교 중에서 불소용액양치사업을 수행한 비율은 57.5%, 급식 후 집단잇솔질을 한 비율은 46.9%이 었으며, 초등학생 중에서 구강보건교육을 받은 비율은 48.0%, 치아홈메우기를 받은 비율은 12.4%이었다(2006년). $0{\sim}6$세 영유아의 약 42%가 지난 1년간 구강검진, 불소도포, 치면세마, 치아홈메우기 중 하나 이상의 예방적 치과진료를 받았으며, 받은 장소는 교육시설이 약 18%, 보건소가 약 1%이었다(2005년). 불소농도가 조정된 수돗물을 마시는 인구 비율은 전국 평균이 5.7%이었다(2006년). 학교구강보건사업의 발전을 위해서 행정의 일원화, 보건교사에 대한 교육, 구강보건교사제도의 도입, 순회 학교치과의사와 학교치과병원을 통한 포괄적 진료서비스의 제공 등을 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 아동.청소년 주치의제의 도입으로 민간기관을 통해 공공서비스를 강화하는 방안이 검토되고 있다.

• 의료법학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.203-242
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• 2019

지방자치단체는 의료보장을 위해 2006년부터 국민건강보험제도 등 의료보장과 관련한 사회보험료를 지원하는 정책이 매월마다 시행되고 있다. 본 연구는 지방정부에서 노인세대 또는 저소득대가구 등의 국민건강보험료 등 공적 보험료를 지원하는 자치법규가 어떠한 내용으로 법규화되어 있는가의 특성 등에 대해 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 수행을 위한 방법으로서 국가법령정보센터의 웹사이트에 공표된 자치법규에서 조례와 조례규칙을 '건강보험료'의 검색어를 통해 검색한 결과를 통해 이루어졌다. 2019년5월 현재 제정된 조례는 201건이었는데, 광역지방자치단체는 17개 중에서 8개의 시도에서, 기초지방자치단체는 226개 중에서 193개의 시군구에서 제정되어 있으며, 조례 시행규칙은 전체 37건이 제정된 것으로 조사되었다. 이 중 조례의 경우 목적, 조례 제정시기, 사회보험료의 종류, 사회보험료의 지원 대상, 사회보험료 지원의 금액, 사회보험료 지원의 방법과 과정, 사회보험료 지원의 시기, 사회보험료의 재원 등으로 구성되어 있고, 이러한 조문 내용에 대해 분석하였다. 그리고 이러한 내용을 통해 정책적, 법적인 측면에서 논쟁이 될 수 있는 사안은 무엇인지에 대한 논의와 함께 개선 방향을 제시하였다.