• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.114-120
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• 1999

The study on architecture can be started with the aesthetic attitude which cognizes it as the art of the space. Architectural space as the subject of the aesthetical study, however, has been ignored such a long period though it should be centered of the whole architectural theory. Even it has not been dealt with independently but just only as a part of aesthetic or artistic field. Also it is true that academic approach to the architectural space as per the aesthetic cognition has not been done so satisfactorily. This study, therefore, aims at prescribing compositional scope from aesthetic cognition of architecture understanding the rational function, mechanic structure, and artistic beauty by man's subject standard of judgement as per the space, the special sphere of architecture. For the absolves, the architectural space in this study is not approached as the spatial art with the meaning of being included the arts general, but with the meaning of intrinsic peculiarity of architecture, based both in practicality of scientific concept and arts of the aesthetic notiov. In order words, the essence of architecture can be prescribed as the architectural realities as the functional, formal and symbolical space not simply the spatial art, and its real but aesthetic meaning can be cognized aesthetically.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.331-343
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• 2002

The southern tidal flat of Kanghwa Island with an area of approximately $90km^2$ is one of the biggest flats on the west coast of Korea. Surface sediments for sedimentary analyses were sampled at 83 stations in August 1997, September 1999 and August 2000. The very poorly-sorted mud sediments were predominant in the eastern part of the tidal flat, whereas the poorly-sorted sand-mud mixed sediments were dominant in the western part. The area of muddy sediment distribution diminished, but that of sandy mud sediment extended to southeastward tidal flat for three years. In the western part of tidal flat, deposition occurred during the period of spring to summer, whereas erosion occurred in winter. Sediment accumulation rates during three years indicated that the sediments deposited continuously in the eastern part of tidal flat, whereas eroded in the western part of tidal flat. Recently, construction of artificial structures such as new airport, island-connecting bridges and dikes near the tidal flat might change tidal current and river flow pattern. In order to reduce the ecological damage and to preserve tidal-flat environment, it is necessary to Investigate long-term impacts on sedimentary environment and ecology.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.50
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• pp.3-25
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of LD Clause against the seller's breach of contract in connection with delivering the goods in the international sales contract, and international guarantee system using standby L/C or demand guarantee. For this purpose, the author, first, considered the outline of the buyer's remedies in cases that the seller had not performed his obligations in contract and the difficulties in the buyer's remedies. As alternatives for overcoming the difficulties, this author recommended the LD Clauses (Liquidated Damage Clauses) based on ICC Model International Sales Contract, and explained each Model Clause. To enhance the feasibility of LD Clause, this author suggested the guarantee system, like the standby L/C or demand guarantee. But these guarantee systems have several limitations in practical use. Thus, these guarantee systems would greatly contribute to Korean exportation in the future. The reason is that the Korean export structure would be more complex and the period of sales contract would be longer and longer, which result to in long-terms supply contracts. These changes would require the guarantee much urgently.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Magnetoelectric (ME) effects for lanthanum modified $BiFeO_3-PbTiO_3\;(BE-_xPT)$ solid solutions have been investigated. The value of magnetoelectric polarization coefficient, up is 10 times greater than that of $Cr_2O_3$. The results also show that up is due to a linear coupling between polarization and magnetization, and that up is independent of do magnetic bias and ac magnetic field. The ME effect is believed to be significantly enhanced due to breaking of the cycloidal spin state of a long-period spiral spin structure, via randomly distributed charged imperfections.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 2002

International marketing, which is target market that overseas market is differ from environments and given conditions with a domestic market, is infinite variety shape of market as well as is differ from language, customs, sales habit, structure of market, and system of law, is changing dynamically. It is very difficult to develop, maintain and enlarge this market without practice of efficient sales promotion. But, majority of corporations in a country cannot recognize the importance of this, actually, they had been doing marketing by rule of thumb. So corporations of our country have to pass over simply importing and exporting, they have to promote international marketing strategy with an eye for a long period including technology and sales practice. Ultimately, they have to enlarge range of overseas business in quality and quantity. International marketing which is more advance and progressive sales strategy, has to collect overseas markets information speedily and exactly, and practice more specific marketing mix strategy based on collecting marketing information.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.909-911
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• 1999

Metalization technology of the fine patterns by electroless plating is required in place of electrodeposition as high-density printed circuit boards (PCB) become indispensable with the miniaturization of electronic components. Electroless nickel plating is a suitable diffusion barrier between conductor metals, such as Al and Cu, and solder is essetional in electronic packaging in order to sustain a long period of service. Moreover, Electroless nickel has particular characteristics including non-magnetic property, amorphous structure, wear resistance, corrosion protection and thermal stability. In this study fundamental aspects of electroless nickel deposition were studied with effect of complexeing agents of different kinds. Then, the property of electroless deposit are controlled by the composition of the deposition solution, the deposition condition such as temperature and pH value and so on. the characteristics of the deposits has been carried out.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2010

Application of WBAN technology in medical field facilitates the prevention of diseases by collecting the vital signs remotely. It also enables to prevent the accidental emergency situation in advance plus long-tem monitoring of patients with chronic diseases such as heart diseases, hypertension, or the elderly and infirm. For emergency patients, major vital signal information collected by the 'Sensing' should have the top priority and such information should be transferred as promptly as possible without competition. In addition, when an emergency occurs to a patient, a priority mechanism is necessitated for a urgent message to get through to the final destination. However, LR-WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 technology does not consider such emergency message handling features. To deal with aforementioned issues, the IEEE 802.15.4 super frame protocol structure has been designed for stable transfer of emergency information in WBAN environment in this study, and alternation to super frame structures have been made, allowing GTS(Guaranteed Time Slot) can be used first at CFP (Contention Free Period) by reserving the resources in advance and prioritize the emergency signals. NS-2 has been utilized for the performance test and analysis.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 1994

The natural constants of moving coil type geophone can be determined by free impedance and step force method. The former method was desirable for the measurement of natural frequency($f_o$), inertial mass(m) and damping factor($h_o$), but the latter method for sensitivity(G). In particular, the value by the latter method should be corrected for the noise by the long period movement of measurement device. The results of frequency characteristics from these constants operate the accelerometer and displacement system in the boundary of natural frequency.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1509-1513
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• 2009

The research of applying reinforced retaining wall due to support the land pressure that given from train's load has been accomplished actively in domestic area. After the retaining wall has been installed, the collapse or partial destruction that generated by effect of train's vibration and repetitive load of train may be induced. Accordingly in the period of using this, the sufficient durability should be guaranteed and years of durability are one hundred and as these are longer than road structure's, the technique that introduced to wall and monitor the long-term strain is necessary. In this paper, the optical fibre is induced vertically to the reinforced retaining wall and after the subsistence of optical fibre is confirmed, the early strain that applied to optical fibre after insertion is monitored. Before and after the concrete placing, damage feasibility of optical fibre is measured by using OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) and after concrete is cultivated, the early strain induced to optical fibre is measured by application of BOCDA (Brillouin Correlation Domain Analysis) system.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2017

Analyzing morphological evolution over a long period of time is deemed an effective way to identify problems occurring in the process of urban development, in addition to achieving a fundamental understanding of socio-cultural changes and growth rooted from the context. As far as the urban morphology is concerned, Hong Kong is characterized by its unique high-density and compact layout patterns, which have aroused the interest of a number of authors in the urban design domain. Whilst an increasing number of redevelopment projects in Hong Kong were criticized for ignoring and destroying the old urban fabric, there is a need for research to investigate the origins and changes of various urban patterns and their implications for society. By employing the theories and techniques of space syntax, this paper accordingly provides a morphological analysis based on the Wanchai District - a 'Segment-line' city, which particularly epitomizes various urban grids of Hong Kong and may have different implications for functional aspects. By axial-mapping the urban layouts of five stages of growth since 1842 and subsequently investigating their spatial and functional transformation over the past 170 years, this paper identifies a series of spatial characteristics underlying different grid patterns, as well as achieves a precise understanding of their ever changing relationship. Based on these understandings, this paper intends to provide valuable reference and guidance for upcoming spatial development in Hong Kong and other regions.