• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

Now we have faced to two fundamental population problems: The one is over-population problem in proportion to the nation's total area, 99,434 $km^2$, and the other is unbalanced population distributions in the provincial districts of administration (16th local governments). For example, the population density of Seoul city is 16,335 persons, and the nations population density of South Korea is 464 persons for 1 km$^2$. At the first part of this study, we introduced the origins and historical back grounds of Formal Demorgraphy. And the second part, we suggest some useful indicators of urbanization of rural populations in terms of Gini's Coefficients of Concentration. As the result, we can show that the ecological Gini's Coefficients of Concentration, during the periods covered by this study, have been increasing extraordinary: 0.349, 0.433, 0.532, 0.581, 0.633 and 0.626 in 1970, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 A.D. respectively. However, the trend of urbanization (concentration of population) of Korean population has been the relative equilibrium state of 0.63 from 1995 to 2000 A.D.

• 한국인구학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 1986

The purpose of the paper is to examine the nature of population distribution during the past 25 years; to evaluate effect of population redistribution policies which have been adopted by the government; and to suggest desirable future policy directions. The distinctive features of population distribution during the period of 196O~85 can be summarized as progress of rapid urbanization, decrease of absolute number of rural population and heavy concentration of population in the Seoul metropolitan area which have resulted in population maldistribution among regions. The problem of population concentration in the selected one or two large urban centers was first recognized by the government as early as in 1964. Since then numerous policy measures have been adopted to reduce the population concentration into the Seoul metropolitan area and thus to guide a sound population redistribution among regions. The overall assessment of various policies on population redistribution, however, revealed that the effect of the policy efforts has not been great as they originally anticipated. Various reasons can be cited for the failure of the past policies. Among them the followings were frequently mentioned; lack of integration among policy measures; weak linkage between relocation and accommodation; and non-existence of single authority for overall implementation of the polices. Based on the past experiences the followings are suggested in pursuing future policies. First, the short-term objective or target should be clearly defined. Second, policy measures have to be designed to go with rather than against market forces. Third, indirect incentives or aids are more effective than direct controls or regulations. Fourth, local participation has to be secured in every phase of policy formulation and implementation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.257-262
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• 2003

Now, the population and economical power is deeply concentrated to Seoul-metropolitan region, therefoere the provinces is so lagging behind and the country cannot get balance development. And, like metropolitan region, the more outer the living area of local wide-area city is spreading, the more serious wide-region transportation problems are. But the railroads near wide-area city fun seldom commuter train, so they cannot absorb the transportation demand of wide-area city metropolitan region. To solve above transportation problem, local wide- area cities try to make a subway or a light rail transit. But it is so difficult because the limit of public finance and original small capacity of light rail. In the paper, I propose 'Local city wide-area electric railways' system of the consortium of 'Local wide-city and province transportation union', Korean National Railroad (KNR) and local capital. A 'Local wide-city and province transportation union' operates commuter railways directly using the facilities of KNR, and local capital invests to the stations of above railways system. Therefore the commuter railway system around local wide-city region will be constructed quickly and the stations will be the strong point of local development and investment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

Pre-dispersal seed predation by a granivorous bird, the masked grosbeak (Eophona personata, Fringillidae), was investigated in two bird-dispersed trees, Celtis sinensis and Aphananthe aspera (Ulmaceae). The objectives of this study were to 1) measure direct damage of predation by grosbeaks on plant crops, 2) reveal the temporal pattern of predation within each tree species and its causal factors, and 3) test whether foraging grosbeaks hinder foraging of frugivorous birds, thereby indirectly impacting the reproduction of both tree species. A substantial amount of fruit and seed crop was consumed by grosbeaks (24.3% in Celtis; 55.5% in Aphananthe), and only 17.7% (Celtis) and 16.7% (Aphananthe) were removed by frugivorous birds. At the study site, the grosbeak population size fluctuated greatly during the fruiting seasons of both plant species. As for Celtis, predated seed density also fluctuated temporally, and the local population size of grosbeaks was responsible for predated seed density. In Aphananthe, predation was not fully explained by grosbeak populations or plant phenology, but its peak coincided with that of grosbeak population. These results suggest that predispersal seed predation by granivorous birds can have large negative impacts on the bird-dispersed plants. Changes in local population size of granivorous birds can influence predatation and can affect reproductive success of the bird-dispersed plants available to the birds.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2009

Population learning algorithm (PLA) is a population-based method that was inspired by the similarities to the phenomenon of social education process in which a diminishing number of individuals enter an increasing number of learning stages. The study aims to develop a framework that repeatedly applying the PLA to solve the discrete resource constrained project scheduling problem with two objectives: minimizing project makespan and renewable resource availability, which are two most common concerns of management when a project is being executed. The PLA looping framework will provide a number of near Pareto optimal schedules for the management to make a choice. Different improvement schemes and learning procedures are applied at different stages of the process. The process gradually becomes more and more sophisticated and time consuming as there are less and less individuals to be taught. An experiment with ProGen generated instances was conducted, and the results demonstrated that the looping framework using PLA outperforms those using genetic local search, particle swarm optimization with local search, scatter search, as well as biased sampling multi-pass algorithm, in terms of several performance measures of proximity. However, the diversity using spread metric does not reveal any significant difference between these five looping algorithms.

• 서비스연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

청년층 고용지표의 변동성에 대한 각 지역별 비교분석 결과는 중앙정부 및 지방자치단체의 실업대책이나 고용정책수립에 필요한 기초자료로서 중요하다. 이러한 비교분석 결과를 통하여 중앙정부 및 지방자치단체는 지역별 차별정책의 사용이 가능해 지는 동시에 세부적인 정책적용의 효율성도 제고시킬 수 있게 된다. 본 연구는 국내 경제활동인구조사 자료를 기초로하여 광역시와 도 지역 전체를 대상으로 청년층의 대표적인 고용통계 지표로서 경제활동참가율과 고용률 및 실업률 등을 고려하고 이 지표들의 변동성을 변동계수를 이용하여 광역자치단체 뿐만 아니라 각 시도별로 비교분석하였다. 또한, 세가지 고용지표 중 변동성이 가장 큰 고용지표를 제시하였고 각 고용지표에서 변동성이 가장 큰 광역자치단체를 제시하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권3D호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 공간통계 및 지리적 탐색 기법을 이용하여 공간연관성의 관점에서 서울대도시권 인구분포 변화를 분석하였다. 전역적 지수를 이용하여 1980년부터 2005년까지 25년간의 인구자료를 분석한 결과, 서울대도시권의 인구는 매우 강한 정적(+) 공간연관성을 나타내며 분포하고 있음이 확인되었다. 이는 각 지역의 인구분포가 주변지역의 인구분포에 영향을 받았음을 의미한다. 이어서 국지적 지수를 이용하여 실제 어떤 지역에 군집이 형성되고 있는지 분석하였으며, 서울시의 남쪽 및 서쪽, 즉 인천 및 경기지역으로 군집이 이동하고 있음이 확인되었다. 분석 결과는 향후 서울대도시권 관리 및 개발계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2018

본 연구는 군부대 이전에 따른 지역 상권에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 지역 내 상인들을 대상으로 설문조사 하였으며, 이를 토대로 군부대 이전이 지역 상권에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지에 대한 기초자료 연구이다. 본 연구는 판매량 요인, 유동인구 요인, 고정고객 요인의 영향이 미치는지에 대하여 지역상인 대상으로 설문조사 하였다. 연구결과 육군 35사단 군부대 이전 전과, 이전 후의 상권기여 영향은 유의미한 답변으로 현실성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과로 육군 35사단 군부대 이전이 지역 내 상권영향에 결정된다는 의미를 확인한 연구이며, 군부대 이전 관련 지역상권 영향에 관한 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2013

Local governments are establishing their own greenhouse gas reduction goal and are playing a important role to respond to climatic changes. However, there are difficulties in quantitative analyses such as estimation of future greenhouse gas emission and computation of reduction potential, which are procedures required to establish mid to long term strategies to realize of low carbon society by each local governments. Also, reduction measures must reflect characteristics of each local government, since the reduction power of each local government can differ according to characteristics of each. In order to establish strategies that reflect characteristics of local governments, types of greenhouse gas emission from cities were classified largely into residential city, commercial city, residential commercial city, agriculture and fishery city, convergence city, and industrial city. As a result of analyzing basic unit of greenhouse gas emission by local government during 2007 in terms of per population, household and GRDP based on the type classification, significant results were deduced for each type. To manage the amount of the national greenhouse gas, reduction measures should be focused on the local governments that emits more than the average of each type's GHG emission.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Population is important as a fundamental element of local industry and economy, and census data is essential to regional planning and policy making. Although there have been many researches on population and regional planning, there are few studies on population considering spatial unit. In this study, the population of three spatial scales were compared in order to establish the spatial unit suitable for the rural planning. The study area is Gangwon, Chungcheong-Nam, Chungcheong-Buk, Jeolla-Nam, Jeolla-Buk, Gyeonsang-Nam, Gyeonsang-Buk and Jeju province. Population were compared using statistical data analysis, GIS visualization, and spatial statistics. The mean, maximum, minimum, and variance of population were calculated and the coefficient of variation according to spatial unit was compared. The mean, maximum, minimum, and variance of population were calculated and the coefficient of variation according to spatial unit was compared. As the results, the census output area unit is difficult to interpret spatial analysis results. Administrative district unit has the limit that includes areas where the population does not live. The grid unit is well suited to the geographical characteristics but has many disadvantages of the grid with small population. Therefore, It is necessary to complement the limits of the Eup and Myeon-dong administrative district through the grid unit data.