• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.230-234
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 기존의 근입비와 재하높이에 따른 모형실험의 결과를 바탕으로 셀 내벽의 마찰을 인위적으로 증감시켜 셀 구조물의 변형특성에 미치는 벽면 마찰의 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 재하높이가 낮아질수록 그리고 근입비가 증가할수록 셀 구조물의 변형특성에 미치는 벽면마찰의 영향은 적게 나타났다. 또한 벽면 마찰이 감소함에 따라 항복하중도 작은 값을 나타내었다. 2. 재하높이가 낮아질수록 그리고 근입비가 커질수록 셀 구조물의 수평이동 변위에 대한 회전성분 변위의 비가 작게 나타났다. 따라서 벽면 마찰의 영향은 회전성분 변위와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various core designs on stress distribution within zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional finite element models, representing mandibular molars, comprising a prepared tooth, cement layer, zirconia core, and veneer porcelain were designed by computer software. The shoulder (1 mm in width) variations in core were incremental increases of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm in proximal and lingual height, and buccal height respectively. To simulate masticatory force, loads of 280 N were applied from three directions (vertical, at a $45^{\circ}$ angle, and horizontal). To simulate maximum bite force, a load of 700 N was applied vertically to the crowns. Maximum principal stress (MPS) was determined for each model, loading condition, and position. RESULTS. In the maximum bite force simulation test, the MPSs on all crowns observed around the shoulder region and loading points. The compressive stresses were located in the shoulder region of the veneer-zirconia interface and at the occlusal region. In the test simulating masticatory force, the MPS was concentrated around the loading points, and the compressive stresses were located at the 3 mm height lingual shoulder region, when the load was applied horizontally. MPS increased in the shoulder region as the shoulder height increased. CONCLUSION. This study suggested that reinforced shoulder play an essential role in the success of the zirconia restoration, and veneer fracture due to occlusal loading can be prevented by proper core design, such as shoulder.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.489-508
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• 2015

In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to obtain optimum location of outriggers. The method utilizes genetic algorithm (GA) for shape and size optimization of outrigger-braced tall structures. In spite of previous studies (simplified methods), current study is based on exact modeling of the structure in a computer program developed on Matlab in conjunction with OpenSees. In addition to that, exact wind loading distribution is calculated in accordance with ASCE 7-10. This is novel since in previous studies wind loading distributions were assumed to be uniform or triangular. Also, a new penalty coefficient is proposed which is suitable for optimization of tall buildings. Newly proposed penalty coefficient improves the performance of GA and results in a faster convergence. Optimum location and number of outriggers is investigated. Also, contribution of factors like central core and outrigger rigidity is assessed by analyzing several design examples. According to the results of analysis, exact wind load distribution and modeling of all structural elements, yields optimum designs which are in contrast of simplified methods results. For taller frames significant increase of wind pressure changes the optimum location of outriggers obtained by simplified methods. Ratio of optimum location to the height of the structure for minimizing weight and satisfying serviceability constraints is not a fixed value. Ratio highly depends on height of the structure, core and outriggers stiffness and lateral wind loading distribution.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.218-227
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was performed to analyze the trend of bodytype change of adult males. Subjects were 1290 Korean adult males and their age range was from 19 to 54 year, ; old. 75 variables(66 variables from the direct anthropometric data and 9 variables from the multiplication method) in total were applied to analyze. The principal component analysis was applied to the data with orthogonal rotation after extraction of major factors. The high factor loading items extracted by factor analysis were analyzed for the trend of bodytype change by the age group respectively. The result of factor analysis indicated that the first factor was composed with about 30 items, girth, depth and width-measures in 4 age groups and was analysed as form factors. Especially, age-related change was caused by increase of waist girth, depth and width. The second factor was composed with about 23 items, length and height-measures in all age groups. Stature has a constant factor loading value in 4 groups. Front and back waist-height and the navel-height have the highest factor loading value. The third, fourth and fifth factors were composed with different variables among the age groups.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.489-502
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• 2022

The stiffeners, also known as ribs, are utilized to increase the resistance of T-stubs. The author's previous studies showed that stiffeners can increase plastic capacity by an average of 1.71 times. A combined experimental and numerical study was undertaken to examine the effects of the stiffener configuration on the behavior of T-stubs. A total of 20 stiffened T-stubs where the shape and angle of stiffeners were considered as the main parameters were tested under monotonic loading. Rectangular, triangular and AISC types of stiffener were tested under monotonic loading. The experimental results indicated that when the height of the stiffener is equal to or higher than the length of the stiffener, the shape of the stiffener does not have an influence on the behavior. A numerical study using the finite element tool ABAQUS was carried out in order to further investigate the effects of the stiffener shapes. In this case, the height is considered less than the length of the stiffener. Moreover, the shape of the stiffeners was investigated with the different thicknesses of the stiffener. The simulation findings revealed that when the height of the stiffener is less than the length of the stiffener, the shape of the stiffener significantly affects the plastic capacity. Based on the numerical and experimental results, it is recommended to use the triangular shape of the stiffener when height is equal to or higher than the length of the stiffener while it is recommended to utilize the rectangular shape of the stiffener when height is less than the length of the stiffener.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.664-670
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• 2004

Statement of problem. One of the common problems of dental implant prosthesis is the loosening of the screw that connects each component, and this problem is more common in single implant-supported prostheses with external connection. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes of detorque values of abutment screws with external connection in different abutment heights. Materials and methods. After cyclic loading on three different abutment heights, detorque values were measured. Abutments were retained with titanium abutment screws tightened to 30 Ncm (30.5 kgmm) with digital torque gauge as recommended by the manufacturer. Replacing abutments, implants and titanium abutment screws with new ones at every measurement, initial detorque values were measured six times. In measuring de torque values after cyclic loading, Avana Cemented Abutments of 4.0 mm collar, 7.0 mm height (Osstem Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) were used with three different lengths of 5.0, 8.0, 11.0 mm. Shorter abutments were made by milling of 11.0 mm abutment to have the same force-exercised area of 4.5 mm diameter. Sine curve force (20N-320N, 14Hz) was applied, and detorque values were measured after cyclic loading of 2 million times by loading machine. Detorque values of initial and after-loading were measured by digital torque gauge. One-way ANOVA was employed to see if there was any influence from different abutment heights. Results. The results were as follows: 1. The initial detorque value was 27.8$\pm$0.93 kgmm, and the ratio of the initial detorque value to the tightening torque was 0.91(27.8/30.5). 2. Measured detorque values after cyclic loading were declined as the height of the abutment increased, that was, 5.0 mm; 22.3$\pm$0.82 kgmm, 8.0 mm; 21.8$\pm$0.93 kgmm, and 11.0 mm; 21.3$\pm$0.94 kgmm. 3. One-way ANOVA showed no statistically significant differences among these (p>0.05). 4. Noticeable mobility at the implant-abutment interface was not observed in any case after cyclic loading at all.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.873-883
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• 2014

본 연구는 선박의 크기, 계류상태, 파랑의 주기, 파향 등의 영향을 반영하여 계류선박의 동요량을 계산하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 선석 전면에서 하역한계파고를 산정하는 방법을 제시한 것이다. 여기서는 포항신항의 제 8부두에 본 방법을 적용하고 하역중단시 현지 파랑 관측자료와 비교하여 그 타당성을 검증하였다. 하역중단시 현지 선박의 크기는 800~35,000ton이었으며, 이 때 관측된 파랑은 파고 0.10~0.75m, 주기 7~13s이었다. 본 방법에 의한 하역한계파고는 5,000ton, 10,000ton, 30,000ton 선박에 대하여 파고 0.19~0.50m, 주기 8~12s로 계산되었으며, 본 방법은 파랑의 주기 변화 및 선박의 크기에 대응하여 하역중단시 현지 파랑 관측 결과를 잘 재현하였다. 한편 본 방법에 의한 하역한계파고는 선형 5,000~30,000ton, 주기 12s, 선박에 입사하는 파랑의 각도가 $75^{\circ}C$일 때, 설계기준의 하역한계파고에 비해서 장 단주기 파를 고려하면 16~62%, 단주기 파랑만 고려하면 0~46% 감소하였다. 또한 설계기준에 제시된 하역한계파고는 주기 변화 및 선형에 따라 대응하지 못하며, 10,000ton 이하의 선박에 대해서는 과대 평가되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.385-404
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• 2020

Since the scaffold is composed of modular members, the total height of multi-story scaffolds does not often meet with the headroom of construction buildings. At this time, other supporting members need to be set up on the top of scaffolds. However, the mechanical behaviors of the combined system of scaffolds and other supporting members have seldom been discussed. This study explores the stability of the combined system of scaffolds and shores. The loading tests conducted in the laboratory show that the critical load of the combined system of two-story scaffolds and wooden shores is about half that of the three-story scaffold system with the same height. In the failure of both the "scaffold system" and the "combined system of scaffolds and shores' after loading, the deformation mainly occurs in the in-plane direction of the scaffold. The outdoor loading test shows that no failure occurs on any members when the combined system fails. Instead, the whole system buckles and then collapses. In addition, the top formwork of the combined system can achieve the effect of lateral support reinforcement with small lateral support forces in the outdoor loading test. This study proposes the preliminary design guidelines for the scaffolding structural design.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.79-82
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• 2008

모멘트 하중을 받는 I형 보의 탄성좌굴강도는 하중의 종류, 하중의 단면 내 작용위치, 그리고 구속조건 등과 같은 인자들에 의해 영향을 받는다. 대부분의 시방기준에서는 균일한 모멘트 조건에 대한 좌굴강도를 사용하고 있으며 비균일한 모멘트 효과를 고려하기 위하여 모멘트 구배 수정계수를 적용하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 SSRC 지침서의 방법을 일축대칭 I형 보에 적용할 수 있도록 개선된 모멘트 구배 수정계수를 제안하였다. 단면 내 임의의 높이에 작용하는 연직방향 하중에 대한 일축대칭 I형 보의 유한요소 좌굴해석을 실시하였으며 연직방향 하중은 지간 중앙에 작용하는 집중하중과 등분포 하중을 고려하였다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how three gaze directions (bottom, normal, up) affects the coordination and stability of the lower limb during drop landing. Method: 20 female adults (age: 21.1±1.1 yrs, height: 165.7±6.2 cm, weight: 59.4±5.9 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed single-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 1 force plates and leg stiffness, loading rate, DPSI were calculated. All statistical analyses were computed by using SPSS 25.0 program. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compared the differences between the variables in the direction of gaze. To locate the differences, Bonferroni post hoc was applied if significance was observed. Results: The hip flexion angle and ankle plantar flexion angle were significantly smaller when the gaze direction was up. In the kinetic variables, when the gaze direction was up, the loading rate and DPSI were significantly higher than those of other gaze directions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that decreased hip and ankle flexion angles, increased loading rate and DPSI when the gaze direction was up. This suggests that the difference in visual information can increase the risk of injury to the lower limb during landing.