• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1184-1189
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Hijikia fusiforme extracts on serum lipid and liver antioxidative enzyme activities in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats divided into 7 groups : We injected saline to a normal group (N), saline and tween 80 to control groups (CS, CT) and tot extracts to experimental groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) for 7 days and then injected triton at the last day. Serum and liver free cholesterol contents were significantly lower in hexane-treated group (CTH) than control group (CT) whereas serum HDL-cholesterol content was higher in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Total cholesterol and phospholipid contents in serum and liver were lower in aqueous extract group (CSA) than control group (CS). Serum and liver triglyceride contents were significantly lower in ethanol (CTEtOH) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control group (CT). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of liver were lower in tot extract groups (CSA, CTEtOH, CTE, CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Superoxide dismutase activities in liver were significantly lower in aqueous extracts group (CSA) and hexane treated group (CTH) than control groups (CS, CT). Liver catalase activity was the lowest in ethylacetate extract group. These results showed that some Hijikia fusiforme extracts have reduction effect of lipid and antioxidative effect in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.304-308
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• 2005

The effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on various oxidative stress responses in liver, kidney and gill tissues of freshwater bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco were investigated under laboratory conditions. Bagrid catfish were intraperitoneally injected with sunflower seed oil containing nominal concentrations of 0, 300 or 900mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight for 3 days and the effects after last injection were assessed in liver, kidney and gill tissues of the exposed organisms. The oxidative stress responses of fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). After exposure to the DEHP, there were significant decrease in GR, GPx activity and GSH content in liver of fish exposed to 900 mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, significant decreases in renal GPx and GR activity were observed in the DEHP treatment groups (900 mg $kg^{-1}$ bw). However, no significant difference was observed in any oxidative stress responses in gills between the DEHP-treated and the untreated group of fish. The findings of the present investigation show that DEHP induce oxidative stress and the liver was the most affected organ followed by the kidney and gills. Furthermore, the changes of GPx and GR activities may be important indicators of oxidative stress responses but additional study is required to confirm the oxidative stress of DEHP.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2005

In order to investigate the effect of dietary zinc and phytic acid levels on enzyme activity and lipid metabolism in rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing approximately 60-74g, were fed different diets which contained 0, 0.35 or $1.05\%$ phytic acid each at 3 levels of zinc (0, 30 and 1500ppm zinc) for 28 days. Body weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the rats fed a zinc deficient diet (0ppm zinc) than those consuming 30 or 1500ppm dietary zinc. The activities of GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase were lower in the rats consuming 30ppm zinc than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc diet. The activity of GOT was increased in rats consuming $0.35\%$ phytic acid, whereas that of alkaline phosphatase was decreased in the rats fed phytic acid-containing diet. The concentration of phospholipid in serum was higher in rats fed $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, whereas that of liver phospholipid was higher in zinc deficient groups, and increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. The concentration of triglyceride in serum from rats fed 30ppm zinc was lower than those fed 0 or 1500ppm zinc On the other hand, liver triglyceride was higher in both the rats fed 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ phytic acid. The concentration of serum total cholesterol was lower in the rats fed 30ppm zinc diet, and it was increased by addition of dietary phytic acid. But liver total cholesterol was higher in 30ppm zinc group. HDL-cholesterol in serum was the highest in both rats consuming 30ppm zinc and $0.35\%$ dietary phytic acid, and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was higher in rats consuming 30ppm zinc diet. In conclusion, we suggest that coronary heart disease or liver disease can be prevented with phytic acid in rats which are fed the high zinc diet.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2000

To study the effect of prosomillet (Panicum milaceum) on lipid metabolism, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 190$\pm$8g were fed six experimental diets for four weeks. The six diets based on AIN-76 composition consisted of one cholesterol-free(normal) and five 1%(w/w) cholesterol diets, i.e. control, two diets containing additional 0.3 and 0.6%(w/w) methanol extracts of prosomillet and another two diets containing 15 and 30% (w/w) prosomillet powder. There was no difference in weight gains between the groups but relative liver weights increased under the cholestrol diets. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride(TG) decreased by 23-27% and by 37-52%, respectively, in the four prosomillet diet groups compared to those of the normal and control groups. Whereas in the liver, only TG levels decreased in the prosomillet diet groups. Fecal excretions of bile acid and cholesterol significantly with methanol extracts of prosomillet. There was a significant increase in the activity of hepatic microsomal cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase when feeding 1% cholesterol but prosomillet in the diet, either as in the form of powder or methanol extract, appeared to have only slight additional effects, namely increases in enzyme activity. The activity of liver cytosolic glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) tended to be reduced with high cholesterol diets and dropped markedly by 15% using additional prosomillet powder. Those of the liver cytoxolic malic enzyme had a similar tendency to those of G6PDH. The results indicate that certain active components in prosmillet other than fiber have the potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating cholesterol excretions and lipogenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.226-234
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• 2006

Disturbance of antioxidant system is very common in chronic alcoholics and herbal or natural products with antioxidant activity have been used for its treatment. This study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract(S), Taraxacum officinale extract(T), Gardenia jasminoides extract(G), Angelica acutiloba extract(A) and Paeonia japonica extract(P), and their combinations on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet(ED) and were then given different herbal extract mixtures for 6 weeks including VST(V 100+S 150+T 150mg/kg/day), VSG(V 100+S 150+G 150mg/kg/day), VTG(V 100+T 150+G 150mg/kg/day), and VAP(V 100+A 150+P 150mg/kg/day). When the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were compared between ED only group and herbal extracts treatment group, the differences were statistically significant. Phase I and II(glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) enzyme activities were found to be significantly higher in the VAT treatment group compared to the ED group. Herbal extracts not only repressed the ethanol-induced elevation of malondialdehyde level, but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease in glutathione content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The administration of the herbal extracts was found to be effective in eliminating lipid-peroxides induced by long-term consumption of alcohol by activating various enzyme systems and physiological active compound formation system. After a chronic consumption of alcohol, Angelica Radix protected the liver via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system, and Paeoniae Radix via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system. Taraxaci Herba was also effective in liver protection via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system, Gardeniae Fructus via activating the phase II-metabolism enzyme system and the anti-oxidation system enzyme, and Schisandra Fructus and a grapestone via activating the anti-oxidation system. Our data suggest that these herbal extracts may be useful as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.61-66
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• 1997

Recently, incidences of pulmonary-related diseases are increasing and natural ecosystem is destroyed year by year owing to air pollutions by industrial noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, etc. Sulfur dioxide produced by oxidation of sulfur compounds is water soluble and causes several kinds of pulmonary diseases, damaging on plants and animals. This study was undertaken to investigate effects of acute exposure of rats to sulfur dioxide using biochemical parameters. The sAST (aspartate transaminase) activity was not significantly affected but sALT (alanine transaminase), sLDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and sALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities were significantly increased by acute sulfur dioxide gas exposure. Also sulfur dioxide gas treatment significantly diminished serum cholinesterase activity. The total lipid, triglyceride, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly increased by sulfur dioxide gas exposures. But the body and liver weight were generally diminished in comparison with control group. Our results' showed increased enzyme activities and lipid contents, but body and liver weight were all diminished by sulfur dioxide gas treatment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2000

A fulminant hepatitis is associated with massive liver cell necrosis and a high mortality rate. But survivors regenerate a normal liver and do not have chronic liver disease. This clinical course suggests that the acutely injured livers release a factor that allows a recovery from chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize an anti-fibrotic factor from acutely damaged rat livers. The liver cell necrosis was prepared from rat by warm ischemical perfusion and the perfusates were assessed against the growth inhibition of fat-storing cells (FSC). A liver-derived growth inhibitory factor (LDGIF) was purified from ischemically damaged rat livers by chromatographies on Sephacryl S-300, CM Sepharose, hydroxyapatite, and Superose 12. The LDGIF was isolated with an overall purification of 194-fold and 40% recovery. Although LDGIF was identified as the rat liver arginase by Nterminal sequence analysis, LDGIF exists as a monomer and the purified native arginase has a trimer form. Furthermore, LDGIF has a lower enzyme activity on the hydrolysis of L-arginine and a higher inhibitory effect on proliferation of FSC than the normal rat liver arginase. The catalytic activity of LDGIF is ascribed to the monomeric characteristics of the LDGIF. Therefore, the inhibitory action of LDGIF might not be due to the arginine depletion by the catalytic activity of arginase. In conclusion, the presence of the LDGIF could interpret the clinical course that serious fibrosis is not found in the liver of patients recovering from severe hepatic necrosis due to fulminant hepatitis, suggesting that this LDGIF may provide a novel target for the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nine times repetitive steaming and drying process Sunsik diets on antioxidant activity in obese mice fed high fat diets to prevent oxidative stress, using drying materials comprising 23 kinds of cereals (61.5%), beans (30.0%), sweet potato and potato (3.0%), fruits (2.0%), vegetables (3.0%), and stevioside, a natural sweetener (0.5%). We produced three samples: the experimental group was classified into the normal diet group (control), the high fat diet group (HF), and the high fat diet group + the Sunsik group (3HFS, 7HFS, 9HFS) fed to the mice for eight weeks. As a result, the serum, liver lipid peroxide, and nitric oxide levels were significantly higher in the HF group than in the C group at p<0.05 level, and the NO level was lower in the Sunsik supplemented groups. The antioxidant enzyme catalase activity significantly decreased in the HF group at the p<0.05 level compared to the C group. The total antioxidant activity of the C group was significantly higher in serum, liver, and kidney tissues than the HF group (p<0.05). The anthocyanin level in liver and spleen tissue was significantly higher in the group fed Sunsik than in the HF group.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.923-934
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• 2001

In order to investigate a pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn, thermal injury was induced by scald burn on entirely dorsal surface in rats (total body surface area 30%) except for inhalated injury. At 5 and 24 h after scald bum, biochemical assay and morphological changes in skin tissue, serum and liver tissue were examined. The effects of bum injury on the levels of glutathione, lipid peroxide and on the activities of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in association with observing of histologic and ultrastructural changes, measuring the protein concentration in plasma, and counting the number of intravascular polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme of oxygen free radical generating system. was elevated (p<0.01) in serum, but not in skin and in liver tissue. Futhermore, thermal injury decreased not only the protein concentration in plasma but also the number of leukocytes, that indicates induction of edema formation with protein exudation and inflammation by neutrophil infiltration into the internal organs. These data suggest that acute dermal scald burn injury leads to liver damage, that is related to elevation of xanthine oxidase activity in serum. Xanthine oxidase may be a key role in the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by skin burn.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.285-302
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• 1992

Human and rat hepatocytes were isolated by nonperfusion method and cultured for longer than 5 days. Human liver biopsy sample and rat liver were used as hepatocyte source. Several physical and chemical factors which were influencing on hepatocyte isolation procedure were examined and a batch isolation procedure was established for small size sample of rat liver. Isolated hepatocytes showed normal morphlologica characteristics in microscopy and electron microscopical examinations and a morphologica response to phalloidin. Isolated cells were cultured as a monolayer and proven to have intact morphological characteristics for longer than 15 days. Because human liver sample is harder and tighter compared with rat liver, a standard procedure for rat hepatocytes was slightly modified to reduce mechanical damage. Similarly with rat hepatocytes, isolated human hepatocytes showed a normal morphological characteristics and could be cultured for longer than 15days. Human and rat hepatocytes were examined on their functional integrities including cytochrome-P450 related enzyme activity and it's inducibility, hormonal inducibility of AIB uptake and TAT activity, albumin synthesis, DNA synthesis, cellular protein maintenance. In all parameters used in the present study, human and rat hepatocytes showed normal functional characteristics.