• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-149
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• 2015

Recently many organizations have engaged in widespread restructuring as well as more flexible usage of labor in an attempt to cut costs and to increase profit. As a result of lays offs resulting from frequent restructuring, many people no longer consider their jobs as permanent positions. many employees have an increased feeling of job insecurity. There structuring and following downsizing have created an uncertain environment within creased fear offer ther job losses. therefore the study of job insecurity is significant. especially To understand the relationship between job security and union-relation behaviors on the industrial relations. The purpose of this study suggested the strategies to company and union. The purpose of this study is to examine how the union-relation behaviors are influenced by the job security. This study built a exploratory model that there is causal relationship of job security to union commitment, dual commitment, and labor related behaviors. For the verification of this study model, the regression analysis was applied to the surveys of 236 members of union that are located in Busan, Gyeongnam, Ulsan, and Pohang. The result of this research shows that the job insecurity is strongly related to the union commitment and union related behaviors. According to the research, the effect that the job security affects union commitment and union related behaviors are positive. With the research outputs, we have discussed about the academic and pragmatic viewpoint. We proposed comprehensive model to verify how the job insecurity affects the union-related behaviors, and objectively analyzed the model. The research result was opposite to what the existing theories have said that high job insecurity derives high union-related behaviors. This result is meaningful because it is concerned with the social issues-present situation of Korean company, low-employment, unstable employment and so on. Moreover, this research may contribute to expand the aspect of academic research on job insecurity as there are few research conducted in korea. This research also suggests the realistic alternative of union-related behaviors because it is proved that job security can contribute to innovation activities. Also, this research implies that the matter of job insecurity is the basic need of organizational individual and presents that job security is not a notion but the alternative by using of the positional stability and situational control power. The limitation of this research is that it is only utilized the cross-sectional study. To remedy the cross-sectional study, vertical, and serial method of research is needed. And there is no enough sample to secure more comprehensive data as the targets of the research is limited to Busan and Gyeongnam regions. Finally, the measurement tool for job security is needed to be suitably modified to by the South Korea's economic, linguistic, and cultural situation.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2014

Lacan gives an explanation on our real actual world by the concepts the "Real", the "Imaginary" and the "Symbolic". Although this three registers are not far from each other, they never can be unified. Among animals, only human has interest in the "truth". The concept of truth is discussed and debated in several contexts, including philosophy and religion. Many human activities depend upon the concept, which is assumed rather than a subject of discussion, including science, law, and everyday life. Language and words are a means by which humans convey information to one another, and the method used to determine what is a "truth" is termed a criterion of truth. Accepting then that "language is the basic social institution in the sense that all others presuppose language", Lacan found in Ferdinand de Saussure's linguistic division of the verbal sign between signifier and signified a new key to the Freudian understanding that "his therapeutic method was 'a talking cure'". The purpose of this paper is to understand Lacan's psychology and psychoanalysis by using the mathematical concepts and mathematical models, especially geometrical and topological models. And re-explanation of the symbolic model and symbols can help students understand new ideas and concepts in the educational scene.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.233-242
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate communication efficacy of advertisement text through audience responses. This study approached qualitatively to KT&G TV commercials. The research proceeded as follows: First, as background theory, studies on audience focusing advertisement criticism and the interpretation of advertising texts were reviewed. Secondly, the characteristics of the audiences of the advertisements, analyzed through in-depth individual interviews as well as group interviews, were incorporated into a broad theme and then divided into different dimensions. Finally, the audiences' decoding code and critic reponses in reading ambiguous advertising texts, and the interrelationship between strategic ambiguity were discussed under a unified model. The major findings of this study are as follows: In interpreting the ambiguous advertising texts, the audiences use various decoding codes such as language, visuals, technology and rhetoric, and various critic responses such as linguistic, macroscopic, schematic, non-verbal and socio-cultural factors, in quite comprehensive manner. Also, it was shown that audiences make use of different decoding strategies in terms of their recognition, reliability, emotional attitude, and behavior. It can therefore be concluded that the strategic ambiguity has its limit in explaining its effectiveness in the entire dimensions of recognition, emotional attitude, and behavior, in the sense that the strategic ambiguity is most effective in recognition while it invokes more negativity in the behavioral dimension. Finally, this empirical study, focusing on qualitative analyses, may have its limit as well; however, deeper statistic-qualitative studies in the future could compensate for it.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 2010

This paper aims to describe KorLexClas 1.5 which provides us with a very large list of Korean numeral classifiers, and with the co-occurring noun categories that select each numeral classifier. Differently from KorLex of other POS, of which the structure depends largely on their reference model (Princeton WordNet), KorLexClas 1.0 and its extended version 1.5 adopt a direct building method. They demand a considerable time and expert knowledge to establish the hierarchies of numeral classifiers and the relationships between lexical items. For the efficiency of construction as well as the reliability of KorLexClas 1.5, we use following processes: (1) to use various language resources while their cross-checking for the selection of classifier candidates; (2) to extend the list of numeral classifiers by using a shallow parsing techniques; (3) to set up the hierarchies of the numeral classifiers based on the previous linguistic studies; and (4) to determine LUB(Least Upper Bound) of the numeral classifiers in KorLexNoun 1.5. The last process provides the open list of the co-occurring nouns for KorLexClas 1.5 with the extensibility. KorLexClas 1.5 is expected to be used in a variety of NLP applications, including MT.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-42
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• 2019

Modality is the psychological attitude of the speaker, which is comprised by the sentences used in every language. Modality can be broadly categorized as perceptional modality and obligatory modality. This study summarizes the previous related literatures and theoretical branches of Korean linguistic studies. The study also proposes and classifies a modal concept on the Korean language, which is aimed at aiding Chinese people who are studying Korean. It further describes characteristics and expressions of modality in both the Chinese and Korean languages. This study aims to develop an effective teaching-learning program on the basis of the contrastive analysis between Korean language's modality, "-(으)ㄹ 수 있다," and the corresponding Chinese auxiliary verb, "能." Modality is a syntax item that reflects a speaker's subjective manner. There are many grammatical facets in Korean language books and teaching materials that are modal in nature. Further, modalities in Korean language are not only numerous but also have very rich meanings and functions. Based on the contrastive analysis, this study designs an effective teaching plan for Chinese people learning the Korean language. The designed system uses specific conversational occasions as the basis of learning, and it adapts the Korean language's modal system to classroom teaching. The system is expected to be effective during classroom teaching for demonstrating and learning modality in the Korean language.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1219-1229
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• 1999

일반적으로 AND, OR, NOT과 같은 연산자를 사용하는 불리언 질의는 사용자의 검색의도를 정확하게 표현할 수 있기 때문에 검색 전문가들은 불리언 질의를 사용하여 높은 검색성능을 얻는다고 알려져 있지만, 일반 사용자는 자신이 원하는 정보를 불리언 형태로 표현하는데 익숙하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 검색성능의 향상과 사용자 편의성을 동시에 만족하기 위하여 사용자의 자연어 질의를 확장 불리언 질의로 자동 변환하는 방법론을 제안한다. 먼저 자연어 질의를 범주문법에 기반한 구문분석을 수행하여 구문트리를 생성하고 연산자 및 키워드 정보를 추출하여 구문트리를 간략화한다. 다음으로 간략화된 구문트리로부터 명사구를 합성하고 키워드들에 대한 가중치를 부여한 후 불리언 질의를 생성하여 검색을 수행한다. 또한 구문분석의 오류로 인한 검색성능 저하를 최소화하기 위하여 상위 N개 구문트리에 대해 각각 불리언 질의를 생성하여 검색하는 N-BEST average 방법을 제안하였다. 정보검색 실험용 데이타 모음인 KTSET2.0으로 실험한 결과 제안된 방법은 수동으로 추출한 불리언 질의보다 8% 더 우수한 성능을 보였고, 기존의 벡터공간 모델에 기반한 자연어질의 시스템에 비해 23% 성능향상을 보였다. Abstract There have been a considerable evidence that trained users can achieve a good search effectiveness through a boolean query because a structural boolean query containing operators such as AND, OR, and NOT can make a more accurate representation of user's information need. However, it is not easy for ordinary users to construct a boolean query using appropriate boolean operators. In this paper, we propose a boolean query formulation method that automatically transforms a user's natural language query into a extended boolean query for both effectiveness and user convenience. First, a user's natural language query is syntactically analyzed using KCCG(Korean Combinatory Categorial Grammar) parser and resulting syntactic trees are structurally simplified using a tree-simplifying mechanism in order to catch the logical relationships between keywords. Next, in a simplified tree, plausible noun phrases are identified and added into the same tree as new additional keywords. Finally, a simplified syntactic tree is automatically converted into a boolean query using some mapping rules and linguistic heuristics. We also propose an N-BEST average method that uses top N syntactic trees to compensate for bad effects of single incorrect top syntactic tree. In experiments using KTSET2.0, we showed that a proposed method outperformed a traditional vector space model by 23%, and surprisingly manually constructed boolean queries by 8%.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.63-74
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• 2005

The cinema costume designers carry out the creative works in a different way from the commercial fashion designers generating the new trends by season or year for a number of people. Costumes created by the cinema costume designers are for the people acting in the film screens such as heroes, heroines or extras. The cinema costume designers should not miss the overall flow of a cinema. Moreover, the prominent designers have to devise the costumes livening up every scene. Most cinemas with the prudent interests and attention on the costumes are favored by the public and gain the commercial success. In particular, the cinemas emphasize the visual effects such as setting, lighting and computer graphics and require the substantial budgets for preparing the costumes regardless of genres, while all other industrial fields will be the same. Such efforts are to deliver the meaning and aesthetics that the cinemas intend to show through the designs, colors and textures of costumes closed up in each scene. The costumes in cinemas are another linguistic system and have the symbolic form of compound and meaningful communication used by the directors. The costume design is required to produce the costumes that liven up the characteristics of heroes or heroines as well as to fit for the general artistic effects of films. Moreover, it has to express the characters in the films using the costumes suitable for the film genres. Cinema costumes are defined and refined, and the process can be angst-ridden. Each frame of film is a canvas and has its own proscenuium. Every garment worn in a theatrical production is a costume. Before an actor speaks, his wardrobe has already spoken for him. From the most obvious and flamboyant show clothing, to contemporary clothes using subtle design language, costume design plays an integral part in every film production. Costume design is a vital tool for storytelling. Costumes have always had enormous influence on world fashion. Costume designers are passionate storytellers, historians, social commentators, humorists, psychologists, trendsetters and magicians who can conjure glamour and codify icons. Costume designers are project managers who have to juggle ever-decreasing wardrobe budgets and battle the economic realities of film production. Costume designers are artists with pen and paper, form, fabric and the human figure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 1995

Robot manipulator is a highly nonlinear-time varying system. Therefore, a lot of control theory has been applied to the system. Robot manipulator has two types of control; one is path planning, another is path tracking. In this paper, we select the path tracking, and for this purpose, propose the intelligent control¬ler which is combined with fuzzy logic and neural network. The fuzzy logic provides an inference morphorlogy that enables approximate human reasoning to apply to knowledge-based systems, and also provides a mathematical strength to capture the uncertainties associated with human cognitive processes like thinking and reasoning. Based on this fuzzy logic, the fuzzy logic controller(FLC) provides a means of converhng a linguistic control strategy based on expert knowledge into automahc control strategy. But the construction of rule-base for a nonlinear hme-varying system such as robot, becomes much more com¬plicated because of model uncertainty and parameter variations. To cope with these problems, a auto-tuning method of the fuzzy rule-base is required. In this paper, the GA-based Fuzzy-Neural control system combining Fuzzy-Neural control theory with the genetic algorithm(GA), that is known to be very effective in the optimization problem, will be proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed control system will be demonstrated by computer simulations using a two degree of freedom robot manipulator.

• 기호학연구
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• no.56
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• pp.7-44
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• 2018

The objective of this paper is to propose a classification of Korean taste terms, especially Korean taste adjectives, from the perspective of cognitive science. The classification of Korean taste terms is here grounded in the definition of 'taste sense', 'flavor' and 'taste' which is usually employed in disciplines of cognitive science. There have been a large number of domestic researches in field of taste terms. Accordingly, a lot of research findings on the classification of taste terms have steadily been released showing the differences among researchers. These different classifications are largely based on the fact that researchers have applied their subjective criteria rather than their objective in order to categorize taste terms. According to previous studies, it is well-known that, in everyday usage, the term 'taste' covers a much wider range of qualities than those perceived through the taste receptor cells alone. In addition, we take it for granted that as much as 80~90% of taste comes from olfactory modality. It is also important to note that the texture and temperature of food, the color of food, the sounds of food, and atmospheric cues have an essential effect on taste perception. Many scientists have already pointed out that taste evaluations are influenced by a number of individual and sociocultural factors. Eating and tasting are important parts of our everyday life, so that linguistic approaches to taste perception seem to be of great significance. We can assume that a classification of taste terms from the perspective of cognitive sciences may shed light on the perceptive mechanism through which we perceive taste. It should be noted that this paper is an advanced work prepared for the follow-up study which will try to make a geometric model of word field 'taste terms' existing or probably existing in the mental lexicon of human beings.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

Recently, there has been a growing interest in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, which leverages cross-lingual language models (CLLMs) to perform downstream tasks that are not trained in a specific language. In this paper, we point out the limitations of the data-centric aspect of quality estimation (QE), and perform zero-shot cross-lingual transfer even in environments where it is difficult to construct QE data. Few studies have dealt with zero-shots in QE, and after fine-tuning the English-German QE dataset, we perform zero-shot transfer leveraging CLLMs. We conduct comparative analysis between various CLLMs. We also perform zero-shot transfer on language pairs with different sized resources and analyze results based on the linguistic characteristics of each language. Experimental results showed the highest performance in multilingual BART and multillingual BERT, and we induced QE to be performed even when QE learning for a specific language pair was not performed at all.