• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) oil or linalyl acetate on patients' anxiety and stress levels before undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Forty-five eligible participants were randomly assigned to inhale clary sage oil, or linalyl acetate, each at concentrations of 5% vol/vol in almond oil or pure almond oil (control). State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), Stress rating scale, anxiety-visual analog scale (Anxiety-VAS), stress-visual analog scale (Stress-VAS), blood pressure, and heart rate were measured before and after the inhalation prior to undergoing chemotherapy. Results: Anxiety-VAS and Stress-VAS were significantly lower after than before inhalation of clary sage oil (p< .01 and p< .05, respectively) and linalyl acetate (p< .05 and p< .05, respectively), despite having no significant difference in the three groups compared with control group. Systolic (p< .05) and diastolic (p< .01) blood pressure before undergoing chemotherapy were significantly lower after than before inhalation of linalyl acetate, while there was no significant difference in after than before inhalation of clary sage oil, despite both reducing levels of anxiety and stress. Conclusion: These findings suggest that linalyl acetate inhalation may be inappropriate in lowering anxiety and stress in patients undergoing chemotherapy, despite its anxiolytic and antistress effects, while clary sage oil inhalation may be useful in reducing anxiety and stress in patients undergoing chemotherapy, which has a risk of hypotensive side effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.483-489
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• 2000

Wild Chopi leaves were harvested near Chounghwa Mt. Sangju city in Kyungpook province. Chopi leaves were dried naturally and crushed with and without blanching. From mechanical analysis(GC). fifty five peaks were identified as volatile materials in no blanching leaf. Among the fifty five peaks, twenty three peaks were identified as hydrocarbones(dodecane, sabinene, myrcene etc.), ten peaks as alcohols (isobutylalcohol. cis-pentenol, 1-pentenol, 1-penten-3-ol etc.), seven peaks as aldehydes (3-methylbua-tanal, hexanal, 2,6-dimethyl hept-5-al etc.), four peaks as ketones(3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone) and six peaks as esters ( cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalyl acetate. citronellyl acetate, nervy acetate etc.). Other peaks were founded as 3-cyano-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl sulfide, chloroform, 1,8 cineole. Thirty five peaks were identified as volatile materials in blanching leaf. Twenty peaks were identified as hydrocarbones(1,1-oxybis-ethane, $\alpha$-pinene, camphene. myrcene, $\beta$-phellan-drene, $\beta$-caryophyllene etc.), as alcohol(L-linalool, (-)-isopulgerol, $\alpha$-terpineol. citronellol etc.), as aldehydes(nonanal, citronellal), as ketones(2-undecanone, 2-tridecanone etc.) and as esteres(citronellyl acetate. cis-3-hexenyl acetate, neryl acetate etc.). Other peaks were found as 3-cyano-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine. The amount of volatile materials such as $\alpha$-pinene, myrcene, $\beta$-phellanderene, L-linalool, citronellal, citronellyl acetate, $\beta$-caryophyllene were detected abundantly among the volatile materials.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3304-3311
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• 2014

In the saponification to manufacture plant fatty acid hard soap, the drying process is required for its water evaporation and hardness. This study mixed it with essential oil(E.O) with high volatility instead of adding synthetic flavor. And it comparatively observed the duration of flavor changing to the additive ($TiO_2$) and the drying period of the major flavor component (Linalool, Linalyl acetate) in the essential oil (Lavender E.O) contained in the soap during the soap manufacture by using GC-MS. Advanced researches have mostly dealt with the utility of plant hard soap, and those related with the volatility of flavor have been hardly conducted. Regarding the volatility of linalool contained in the soap, the soap mixed with $TiO_2$ showed a higher reduction ratio up to the 12th week; however, at the point of the 20th week, it reduced to a similar level. Although Linalyl acetate did indicate a slight difference according to the mixture of $TiO_2$, the volatility was shown similar up to the point of the 20th week. During the 20 weeks of drying, the residual rate of linalool was found to be higher than that of Linalyl acetate regardless of the mixture of $TiO_2$. It has been found that the flavor component of lavender essential oil with the duration of two or so days at the room temperature remains for 20 weeks (or 5 months) when it is manufactured through the mixture of plant fatty acid hard soap.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

Miticidal and repellent activity of twenty plant essential oils against the adults of two spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, were examined. Sandal wood oil was the most potent one in mortality, whereas clary sage oil exhibited the greatest repellent activity. On those twenty essential oils tested, no apparent correlation between toxicity and repellency was observed. When the most active oils were blended, the combinations tend to exhibit antagonistic interactions in both toxicity and repellent activity. The chemical compositions of sandal wood oil and clary sage oil were identified via GC/MS analyses, and the major constituents of sandal wood oils were sesquiterpene compounds, whereas the major ones for clary sage oil were monoterpenes. Among the major components in clary sage oil, linalyl acetate was not only the most abundant constituent, but also the most responsible one for its repellent activity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

In this study, headspace disk type monolithic material sorptive extraction (HS-MMSE) was developed, validated and applied to the analysis of volatile aroma compounds from vanilla perfume by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC/MS). HS-MMSE uses monolithic material (MonoTrap) based on silica bonded with octadecyl silane (ODS) and activated carbon as a sorbent. Aroma compounds was adsorbed onto the MonoTrap in headspace and extracted by only 100 ${\mu}L$ of solvent. Total 12 volatile compounds from vanilla perfume were successfully analyzed using HS-MMSE. The influence of extractive parameters was investigated and optimized, using benzyl acetate, linalyl acetate, vanillin, ethyl vanillin as target compounds. Under the optimum condition, the limit of detection (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) of proposed method for the target compounds were obtained within the range of 8.35~13.76 ng and 27.82~45.88 ng, respectively. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficient more than 0.9888, satisfactory recovery and reproducibility. These results showed that HS-MMSE using disk type MonoTrap is a new promising technique for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds from vanilla perfume.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

This study aims to find a discriminatory way that can lower the dependence on imports of aroma essential oils and increase the value of herb plants that are growing in domestic demand and cultivation. To this end, through a study that analyzes and reproduces fragrance components without damaging the original material of domestically grown lavender flowers using the SPME method, we are trying to confirm the difference in fragrance composition from lavender essential oil and find the fragrance originality of domestically grown herb plants. A total of 38 kinds of lavender essential oils and 27 kinds of lavender flowers were analyzed as fragrance ingredients, Among them, the common ingredients were myrcene, d-limonene, 1,8-cineol, ocimene, p-cymene, α-terpinolene, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate, 4-terpineol, and a-terpineol. In addition, among the fragrance components of the two samples, it was confirmed that the type and content of allergens of domestically cultivated lanvender flowers were low. As a result of the sensuality evaluation of 15 panels, domestic cultivated lavender flower reproduction scent was higher in favor of lavender essential oil, which has been used in the industry until now. It is also believed that lavender fragrance, which lowers the content of allergy-causing ingredients, can expand industrialization.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Compositions of essential oils extracted from mint herb such as Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Mentha ${\times}$ piperita var. citrate produced in Jeju were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and headspace-GC-MS (HS-GC-MS). By the GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were tentatively identified in Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Mentha ${\times}$ piperita var. citrate, respectively. Peperitenone oxide, carvone, and linalool were detected as major compounds in Mentha piperita, in Mentha spicata, in Mentha ${\times}$ piperita var. citrate, respectively, based on the ratio of peak intensity in the total ion chromatogram. The greater number of compounds, including volatile alcohols and acetates were identified by HS-GC-MsS than by GC-MS in these all three essential oils. Similar patterns of composition were detected in both Mentha spicata and Mentha ${\times}$ piperita var. citrate by either one of GC-MS methods. However, in case of Mentha piperita, $\small{L}$-(-)-menthol, which was identified as the major compound by HS-GC-MS was detected in dramatically reduced quantity by GC-MS. Interestingly, we found that both linalyl acetate and linalool were identified as the dominant compounds in the essential oil of Mentha ${\times}$ piperita var. citrate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 1994

The essential oils of leaves and resins from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were analyzed to identify their components. After each retention times of 45 known terpenoids were dertermined with a fixed analytical condition by GC the essential oil compounds of leaves and resins were identified by comparing their retention times with the retention times of known standards. To confirm these results the essential oil components of leaves from P. koraiensis were analized by 2 different GC/MS. According to these results, 36 terpenoids in essential oils of leaves from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were identified and 15 terpenoids and 22 terpenoids were identified from P. koraiensis resin and P. densiflora resin, respectively. The major components which are more than 2% of total amaunt of volatile components were as follows: 1. The major terpenoids of leaves from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, myrcene, terpinolene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol. 2. The major terpenoids of leaves from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, myrcene, D-limonene, 3-carene, terpinolene, bornyl acetate, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, borneol, ${\delta}$-cardinene. 3. The major terpenoids of resin from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, myrcene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, linalool, linalyl acetate. 4. The major terpenoids of resin from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, phytol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1979

The essential oil composition by means of gas liquid chromatography, and the occurrence and distribution of flavonoid glycosides in leaves, peels and barks of citrus plants native to Je Ju island were investigated. Results indicate that the occurrence of p-cymene, d,l-limonene, linalool, geraniol and linalyl acetate in the essential oils, and of hesperidin in leaves, peels and barks are fairly common to these species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1344-1351
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• 2012

We studied the physical, chemical, biological, and antimicrobial effects of eight types of essential oils used in the cosmetics industry: lavender, tea tree, rosemary, juniper berry, Chamaecyparis obtusa, cypress, cedar wood, and pine. Lavender oil had a linalyl acetate (an ester chemical compound) content of 48% and radical scavenging activity of 22.36% at 5,000 ppm. Tea tree oil had radical scavenging activity of 43.94% at 5,000 ppm and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. mutans, and C. albicans in each 6, 3.5, 6.5, and 5 mm, respectively. Chamaecyparis obtusa oil had the highest acidity (pH 2.64) compared with the other oils, and sesquiterpene compounds were found to have 19.20%. Cedar wood oil had the highest specific gravity and refractive index compared to the other oils and had a sesquiterpene content of 99.73%. The radical scavenging activity of cedar wood essential oil exceeded 39.68% at 5,000 ppm. The clear zone, indicating antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, P. ovale, and C. albicans, was 3.5, 6, and 6 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 1% cedar wood oil. Results showed that with a high sesquiterpene content, the antioxidant effect was generally, but not always, high, suggesting that this is determined according to composition of the compound rather than presence of each antioxidant. The results indicate that antimicrobial activity is determined by the existence of each antimicrobial ingredient rather than terpene composition.