• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 1985

To evaluate the health status of the aged in rural area, 476 men and women of 65 years old and older among the residents of Gunwee County in Kyungpook were examined at the county health center between 4th and 22nd of June, 1984. Physical examination included measuring height, weight, chest circumference and blood pressure and chest x-ray. Laboratory tests were done for serum cholesterol, glucose and GOT, and urine glucose and protein. The mean heights of male and female were 160${\pm}$7.0cm and 147.7${\pm}$6.9cm, respectively. The height decreased as the age increased. The mean body weight of male was 53.5${\pm}$7.8kg and 46.7${\pm}$7.5kg for female and the older, the eighter. The mean chest circumference of male was 85.4${\pm}$7.5cm and 79.5${\pm}$79cm for female and it had no remarkable differences by age group. The average height, body weight, chest circumference, and serum cholesterol level of the age 65 years and older in rural area were lower than the standard this may be due to undernutrition of the aged. The mean diastolic and systolic blood pressure of male were 75.9${\pm}$13.5 mmHg/126.3${\pm}$24.1 mmHg and those for female were 73.1${\pm}$13.9 mmHg/125.8${\pm}$32.4 mmHg. Both male an d female in the age group of 65-69 years showed the lowest mean blood pressure. Among the study population 18.3% the borderlin hypertension and 14.3% had hypertension. Average hemoglobin level of the male(12.5${\pm}$0.8 g/dl) was higher than that of the female(11.6${\pm}$0.8 g/dl) (p < 0.01). Mean serum G.O.T. level was 25.2${\pm}$8.7 IU for male and 23.6${\pm}$7.5 IU for female and all of the study population were within the normal range. Mean serum glucose level was 110.4${\pm}$16.0 mg/dl for the male and 110.5${\pm}$15.7 mg /dl for the female and 41.4% of the study population were above the normal limit of serum glucose level. However, there was only one person she had glycosuria. Hyperglycemia could be due to non-fasting before the test. Two of the study population had proteinuria and five persons (1.05%) were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis by the chest x-ray.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2006

Screening performance of the existing intake screens (drum and travelling screen) on mass impingement of marine animals, a euphausiid, Euphausia pacifica and a scyphozoan medusae, Aurelia aurita that have often clogged intake screens of the Uljin Nuclear Power Plant, was tested. The maximum tolerable densities of marine animals in the inflowing seawater upon the screen were estimated with two different approaches. First the maximum density of jellyfish was calculated from (1) passing amount of seawater per unit time through the screens and (2) the covered area of animals on the screens clogged. The maximum density of krill tolerable in the drum screen was cited from a simulated record of Uljin NPP, then those in the travelling screens were also calculated using the data of drum screen and ratio of seawater amount passing through the screens under the condition of 0.5m water column (W.C.) of the differential pressure (AP) produced by screens, an established permissible limit of ${\Delta}P$. Secondly, the screening performances were also tested by hydrodynamic measurements with various screen models in a circulating water channel equipped with a speed-controlling pump and a differential pressure gauge. From the first approach, the maximum tolerable densities of drum and travelling screen were calculated as 2.0 and $1.5ind/m^3$ for the Jellyfish and 900 and $680ind./m^3$ for the euphausiid, respectively. These densities estimated from the second approach were 2.1 and $0.8ind/m^3$ for the jellyfish and 1059 and $504ind/m^3$ for the euphausiid, respectively. These estimates were compared with the data from historic clogging events to evaluate the practical performance of these intake screens. The comparisons suggest a newly improved intake-screen of which performance should be at least seven times (approximately) better than the existing ones ior the krill and 3.2 times for the jellyfish, respectively, for preventing mass impingement, and for maintaining the condition of the differential pressure between the screens below 0.3 m W.C.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.853-860
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• 1991

A clinical study on 139 cases of operated PDA was performed during period from Aug. 1982 to Apr. 1991 at the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Chonbuk National University Hospital. The following results are obtained. 1. The 35 males and 104 females ranged in age from 6 months to 40 years. [mean 10.2 yrs. ] 2. Chief complaints of the patients were frequent URI in 50%, dyspnea on exertion in 31.2%, palpitation in 11.1%, and no subjective symptoms in 28.78% 3. On auscultation, continuous machinery murmur heard in 79.86% and systolic murmur in 20.14%. 4. Radiologic findings of chest P-A showed increased density of pulmonary vascularity in 80.58%, cardiomegaly in 61.87%, and within normal limit in 19.42% of the patients. 5. The signs of LVH[44.4%], RVH[17.4%], BVH[7.6%] were noted on the EKC. 6. Cardiac catheterizations were performed in 114 patients. The mean Qp/Qs was 2.65 and the mean Pp /Ps was 0.41 and the mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 46.6 mmHg. 7. Operative methods were as followed: The 130 cases[93.52%] of ligation and 3 cases[2.16%] of division & suture for PDA were performed through the left posterolateral thoracotomy. And the remained cases were managed under the cardiopulmonary bypass. 8. Operative complications were hoarseness in 8 cases, atelectasis in 6 cases, intraoperative ductal rupture under the left thoracotomy approach 2 cases, recannalization 1 case and others in 3 cases. 9. One patient died due to ductal rupture intraoperatively and the overall mortality was 0.7%.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.295-299
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to develop and validate for determination of alibendol in human plasma by HPLC method. After precipitation of 500 ${\mu}l$ plasma samples by 50% methanol 50 ${\mu}l$ and 60% perchloric acid 30 ${\mu}l$ and the supernatant 50 ${\mu}l$ was injected into HPLC. The assay was performed isocratically using 10 mM potassium phosphate (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (80 : 20, v/v) as mobile phase. The $C_{18}$ column (particle size $3.5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}50$ mm, Zorbax Eclipse) was used as a solid phase. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow-rate of 1.7 ml/min, detection was by ultraviolet absorption at 232 nm and concentrations were calculated on the basis of peak areas. In these conditions, alibendol can be separated from ethylparaben, the internal standard, and endogenous substances. The retention times of alibendol and ethylparaben were just about 2.6 and 3.5 minutes, respectively. This rapid HPLC method was validated by examining the precision and accuracy for inter- and intra-day analysis. The standard curve was linear ($R^2$=1.0000) over the concentration range of 0.05~20 ${\mu}g$/ml. The inter-day relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) and accuracy were 0.2~12.2% and 94.4~101.2% (82.7% at the lower limit of quatitation). The intra-day R.S.D. and accuracy were 0.1~11.8% and 98.8~102.5%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of alibendol in plasma for a pharmacokinetic study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.593-606
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• 1984

With the ligation of patent ductus arteriosus by Gross in 1938, surgeons first entered the field of congenital heart disease. Interruption of a ductus is one of the most satisfactory and curative operations in the field of surgery for congenital heart disease. 27 cases of isolated patent ductus arteriosus were operated from Jan. 1978 to July 1984 at the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery in Kyung-Hee University Hospital. Retrospective clinical analysis of these patients were: 1. Sex ratio, female: male, was 2:1. 2. Mean age at operation was 9.85\ulcorner.58 years. The youngest patient was a 23 month-old girl and the oldest one was a 24 year-old male. 3. More than half of the patients had less than 50 percentile of growth retardation. 4. Chief complaints of the patients were frequent URI [52%], dyspnea on exertion [33%], generalized weakness [22%], palpitation [7%], but 7 patients [26%] had no subjective symptoms. 5. Continuous machinery murmur could be heard at the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space on the left sternal border in 22 patients [81%]. The other S patients made systolic murmur with accentuation of the second heart sound and those were associated with pulmonary hypertension. 6. Radiologic findings of Chest P-A were cardiac enlargement in 15 patients [55%], enlargement of pulmonary conus and/or increasing density of pulmonary vascularity in 20 patients [74%]. 7. Electrocardiographic findings of the patients were within normal limit in 13 patients [48%], LVH in 4 patients [15%], biventricular hypertrophy in 3 patients [11%]. 8; echocardiogram was obtained from 11 patients. Ductus was directly visualized in 7 patients. Left atrial enlargement is the secondary change of left to right shunt, 10 patients had LA/Ao ratio more than 1.2. 9. Cardiac catheterization performed in 25 patients. The mean value of the results were:SO2[PA-RV]= 14.72\ulcorner6.01%, Qp/Qs=2.22\ulcorner.80, peak systolic pulmonary arterial pressure=48.28\ulcorner1.60 mmHg. 10. 26 patients were operated through the left posterolateral thoracotomy: closure of ductus by double ligation in 14 cases, triple ligation in 5 cases, and division with suture in 8 cases. One patient suffer from aneurysmal rupture of main pulmonary artery, endocarditis, hemopericardium was treated with cardiopulmonary bypass via median sternotomy and closure of ductus through the ruptured main pulmonary artery. 11.There was no death associated with the operation, but 3 cases were experienced with intraoperative rupture around the ductus resulting in massive bleeding. The other complications were transient hoarseness in one patient, atelectasis in left lower lobe in 3 patients, and postoperative systemic hypertension in 4 patients with unknown etiology. 12. Pulse pressure was reduced, 11.47+5.92 mmHg, postoperatively, as compare to preoperative status. 13. Intraoperative wedge lung biopsy from lingular segment for the evaluation of the pulmonary vascular disease was taken in S patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. The result was Heath-Edward grade I in one case, grade II in two cases, and grade III in two cases.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.808-813
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• 2011

There are hundreds of thousands call center workers wearing acoustic device. However, researches and noise exposure measurements on the noise transmitted from acoustic devices have seldom been performed due to the difficulty of measurement and to the absence of the measuring method in Korea. The aim of this study is to set up management measures to protect hearing loss on the call operator by acquiring measurement data of noise transmitted from the headset Noise exposure measurements of 17 operators were performed in 7 call centers and Head and Torso Simulator method in compliance with the ISO Standard 11904-2 was used for the measurement of noise transmitted from the headset Sound pressure levels(SPL) transmitted from the headset were 73.2~86 dB(A). The operator exposed to the highest SPL set up his volume control at 9 which was the highest volume level. The volume control level, adjustable from 1 to 9, could be identified 12 out of 17 operators and the range of volume levels was 4.5~9. As a result of Pearson Correlation Analysis, the correlation between volume level and SPL transmitted from the headset showed high relation as significance at the 0.672 level(p<0.05). To protect hearing loss of call center operators, it is more practical and effective measure to limit the volume level below the noise exposure level, i.e. 85 dB(A), rather than to carry out noise monitoring considering cost-effective aspect.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.672-680
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• 1988

Munro is generally considered the first person to have demonstrated, in 1888, in an infant cadaver, the feasibility of dissection and ligation of a persistently patent ductus arteriosus. In august, 1938, Robert Gross reported first successful division and suture of the patent ductus of 7 year old girl. Interruption of a ductus is one of the most satisfactory and curative operations in the field of surgery for congenital heart disease. Seventy-eight consecutive cases of closure of patent ductus arteriosus were operated from June 1980 to June 1988 in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Maryknoll Hospital. Retrospective clinical analysis of the patients were 1. There were 24 males, 54 females. 2. The age range of the patients were from 7 months to 32 years with the mean age 9.8 years. 3. Chief complaints of the patients were frequent URI[70.5%], dyspnea on exertion[36.9%], palpitation[10.3%], but 15 patients[19.2%] had no subjective symptoms. 4. Continuous machinery murmur could be heard at the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space on the left sternal border in 66 patients[84.6%]. The other 12 patients made systolic murmur. 5. Radiographic findings of the Chest P-A were cardiac enlargement in 55 patients[70%], enlargement of pulmonary conus and/or increasing density of pulmonary vascularity in 68 patients[87%]. 6. Electrocardiographic findings of the patients were within normal limit in 23 patients[36%], LVH in 38 patients[48.7%], RVH in 7 patients[9%], biventricular hypertrophy in 5 patients[6%]. 7. Cardiac catheterization performed in 62 patients. Mean Qp/Qs=2.5, mean pulmonary arterial pressure=45 mmHg. 8. 73 patients were operated through left posterolateral thoracotomy: Closure of the ductus by ligation in 64 cases, division with suture in 6 cases, and division with aortopatch in 3 cases. Ligation through median sternotomy under cardiopulmonary bypass were 5 cases. 9. There was no death associated with operation, but one case was experienced with intraoperative tearing of ductus resulting in massive bleeding. The other complications were transient hoarseness in 2 patients, chylothorax in 2 patients.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2011

There are hundreds of thousands call center workers wearing acoustic device. However, researches and noise exposure measurements on the noise transmitted from acoustic devices have seldom been performed due to the difficulty of measurement and to the absence of the measuring method in Korea. The aim of this study is to set up management measures to protect hearing loss on the call operator by acquiring measurement data of noise transmitted from the headset. Noise exposure measurements of 17 operators were performed in 7 call centers and head and Torso simulator method in compliance with the ISO standard 11904-2 was used for the measurement of noise transmitted from the headset. Sound pressure levels(SPL) transmitted from the headset were 73.2~86 dB(A). The operator exposed to the highest SPL set up his volume control at 9 which was the highest volume level. The volume control level, adjustable from 1 to 9, could be identified 12 out of 17 operators and the range of volume levels was 4.5~9. As a result of pearson correlation analysis, the correlation between volume level and SPL transmitted from the headset showed high relation as significance at the 0.672 level(p<0.05). To protect hearing loss of call center operators, it is more practical and effective measure to limit the volume level below the noise exposure level, i.e. 85 dB(A), rather than to carry out noise monitoring considering cost-effective aspect.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.224-238
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to confirm the physicochemical property and hazard of thinner (012), which is a diluent of enamel paint used for floor coating for waterproofing and oil painting for the outer wall. The literatures of physicochemical property and hazard of thinner were surveyed and its physicochemical property were evaluated. And then, the inhalation toxicity of thinner affecting the central nervous system and reproductive organs in rats were examined by subchronic (6 h./day. 5 days/ week for 13 weeks) inhalation test. 1) According to the 13-week subchronic inhalation test, there were no significant changes in clinical test and body weight. However, a significant evidence of toxicity was observed in the hematological test and organ weight such as heart, kidney, liver and brain (p<0.01) in the 200 ppm and 1,000 ppm exposure groups in a dose response manner. In the histopathology analysis, there were no significant evidence of toxicity. Therefore, thinner was not classified as an organ targeted toxic agent. In case of Harmfulness, it could be classified as a chronic toxic agent 3($500 ppm/4hr, rat). 2) The reproductive toxicity such as extension of the period of estrous cycle, reduction of serum estradiol concentration and increase of frequency of the abnormal sperm was observed in the 1,000 ppm exposed animals. 3) The result of the physicochemical property of the test material showed that the specific gravity was 0.793, boiling point $155.8^{\circ}C$, steam pressure 2.1 kPa, ignition point $34.5^{\circ}C$, and spontaneous ignition point $280^{\circ}C$. The endothermic and exothermic values were 371.4 J/g and 159.1 J/g. respectively. The explosion limit was 214 mg/l. These data showed that thinner could be classified as an explosion agent level 1.2 and ignitive liquid agent 3 ($23-60^{\circ}C$) according to the notification No. 2008-1 of the Labor Ministry, "Classifying Standard of Chemical Materials."

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.14-34
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• 1985

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 국내산(國內産) 미이용(未利用) 활엽수재(闊葉樹材)인 현사시나무의 재질개량(材質改良)을 위한 방안(方案)으로 비닐계 단량체(單量體)인 methylmethacrylate (MMA) 용액(溶液)을 목재내(木材內)로 주입(注入)한 후(後) 가압(加壓) 가열(加熱) 촉매중합법(觸媒重合法)에 의하여 제조(製造)한 목재(木材)-고분자(高分子) 복합체(複合體)(WPC ; wood-polymer composites)와 열압축목재(熱壓縮木材) (Staypak ; heat-stabilized compressed wood)의 물리적(物理的), 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)과 치수 안정성(安定性)을 조사(調査)하였다. WPC 제조시(製造時) 단량체(單量體)의 주입량(注入量)을 비교(比較)하기 위하여 침지법(浸漬法)과 진공감압법(眞空減壓法)을 실시(實施)하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 목재내(木材內) 단량체(單量體)의 주입량(注入量)은 진공감압법(眞空減壓法)이 침지법(浸漬法)에 비(比)해 약(約) 2배(培)의 효과(效果)가 있었다. 2. 목재내(木材內)로 주입(注入)된 단량체(單量體)는 WPC 제조시(製造時) 약(約) 절반가량 중합(重合)되었다. 3. 제조(製造)된 WPC의 치수 안정효과(安定效果)의 측정결과(測定結果), 반경방향(半徑方向)에서의 항수축율(抗收縮率) 12.5~13.6%, 접선방향(接線方向)에서의 항수축율(抗收縮率)은 12.5~13.6%, 접선방향(接線方向)이 17.18~40.14%였다. 흡수감소율(吸收減少率)은 8.19~15.5%로 진공감압법(眞空減壓法)이 침지법(浸漬法)에 의(依)한 WPC보다 효과(效果)가 좋았다. 4. 휨강도(强度) 시험시(試險時) 하중(荷重)을 가(加)하는 방향(方向)을 달리하였을 때 반경방향(半徑方向)으로 하중(荷重)을 가(加)한 경우(境遇)가 접선방향(接線方向)에 비(比)해 높은 강도치(强度値)를 나타내었다. 5. Staypak 및 WPC는 소재(素材)에 비(比)해 횡압축강도(橫壓縮强度)가 70~90% 향상(向上)되었으며, 종압축강도(從壓縮强度)는 10~30% 증가(增加)되었다. 6. Staypak의 비중(比重)은 0.66, 침지법(浸漬法)에 의(依)한 WPC는 0.61, 진공감압법(眞空減壓法)에 의(依)한 WPC의 비중(比重)은 0.62, 소재(素材)는 0.44였다.