• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2021

OSINT(Open Source Intelligence), rapidly increasing on the surface web in various forms, can also be used for criminal investigations by using profiling. This technique has become quite common in foreign investigative agencies such as the United States. On the other hand, in Korea, it is not used a lot, and there is a large deviation in the quantity and quality of information acquired according to the experience and knowledge level of investigator. Unlike Bazzell's most well-known model, we designed a Korean-style OSINT-based profiling technique that considers the Korean web environment and provides timeline information, focusing on the improved workflow. The database schema to improve the efficiency of profiling is also presented. Using this, we can obtain search results that guarantee a certain level of quantity and quality. And it can also be used as a standard training course. To increase the effectiveness and efficiency of criminal investigations using this technique, it is necessary to strengthen the legal basis and to introduce automation technologies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2022

It is not seen as discrimination based on reasonable grounds for the National Public Officials Act to discriminate between public officials entering general graduate schools and public officials entering law schools. The degree of discrimination cannot be said to be appropriate. Therefore, it is judged that it violates the principle of equality under Article 11 of the Constitution for the relevant laws and regulations to treat them differently by excluding those public officials who went to law schools from the application of the State Public Officials Act because the criteria for discrimination cannot be said to have a substantial relationship to realize its purpose. The degree of discrimination is not appropriate, so related laws and regulations are arbitrary legislation that discriminates against public officials entering law schools without reasonable reasons. Articles 71(2)3 and 72(6) of the National Public Officials Act and Article 90 of the Rules on the Appointment of Public Officials stipulate that public officials who want to go to "research institutions or educational institutions designated by the head of the central personnel agency" can use the training leave system. However, it is reasonable to assume that there is no reasonable basis for discrimination because it does not allow such benefits to public officials who wish to enter law schools. I think it is desirable to utilize a special admission system that allows students to enter night law school or to enter while working for a living.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.101-127
• /
• 2022

Article 31(1) of the Libraries Act(Act No. 18547), which was completely revised on December 7, 2021, stipulates that "the head of a local government or the superintendent of a city/provincial office of education must formulate a plan for the establishment and operation of a public library in advance and obtain the pre-evaluation of the feasibility of establishing a public library from the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism." Through the preliminary feasibility evaluation at the construction stage of the public library, it is possible to adjust distribution to improve the adequacy of scale and resolve regional imbalances and gaps. In addition, it is expected to increase service satisfaction and operational enhancement by inducing faithful securing of core infrastructure (librarians, collection, facilities, systems, etc.) in terms of balanced regional development and public library construction. The purpose of this study is to develop and present the basic direction and feasibility evaluation model for establishment of public libraries. The proposed evaluation model is expected to secure the legal basis and institutional legitimacy of the pre-evaluation system for public library establishment and to prevent waste of tax due to poor construction and operation of public libraries.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.145-158
• /
• 2021

This study is aimed at identifying the important factors required by customers through importance-satisfaction analysis of how they choose skin care shops on the basis of certain factors and attributes at this time when there is an urgent need to improve the level of quality that meets their expectations and demands in combination with the quantitative expansion of skin care shops. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 217 people over the age of 20 in Gwangju and Jeonnam area with experience in using skin care shop services. The SPSS v. 21.0 program was used to analyze the collected data. The results are summarized as follows. IPA grid analysis of the difference in importance-satisfaction of sub-factors for skin care shop choice showed that the items corresponding to the upper-left side of maintenance and strengthening, the upper-right side of stainability, and the lower-left side of gradual improvement were the 'sanitary control of tools and products', 'basic situation(legal compliance)', and 'workers' sanitary control', 'internal control of skin care shops', 'professionalism and skills of workers'and 'quality of services', respectively. Consequently, the results of this study will be based on the efficient operation of skin care shops, and further more the utilization of them is expected to expand the quantitative and qualitative base of the skin care industry.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.284-298
• /
• 2022

It is necessary to acquire information on traffic safety facilities installed on the roadways specifically for the operation of autonomous vehicles. The purpose of this study is to prepare a Korean version of an integrated message-set design as a way to provide to autonomous vehicles standardized information on traffic safety facilities. In this study, necessary facilities are classified according to four criteria (no legal basis; not providing information to autonomous vehicles; providing duplicate information; not standardized, and too difficult to generalize) based on information that must be provided to operate autonomous vehicles. The priority of information delivery (gross negligence followed by behavior change) was classified according to the importance of the information to be provided during autonomous driving, and the form was defined for the classification code in the information delivered. Finally, the information location and delivery method of traffic facilities for compliance with SAE J2735 were identified. This study is meaningful in that it provides a plan for roadway operations by suggesting a method for providing information to autonomously driven vehicles.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.93-133
• /
• 2019

Throughout history, there are three clues of dualistic structures for the development of Hong Kong's nativism. First, inward attribution and outward lookingare two paths to the formation of Hong Kong's nativism. In the dualistic framework of "self-others", nativism is formed. The formation path of "outward looking"can be seen everywhere in the construction history of Hong Kong's nativism. It is under the reflection of "two mirrors" with Britain and Chinese mainland that Hong Kong people acquire the concept of "Hong Kong's nativism". Second, there are two aspects of Hong Kong's nativism: economic and cultural aspect and political aspect. With the gradual development of Hong Kong's history, these two aspects come into being and are closely bound up, thus constituting Hong Kong's nativism today. The third clue is the most critical one. The subjectivity of colonization and decolonization are two different forms of Hong Kong people's subjectivity. These three clues run through the whole process of the construction of Hong Kong nativism, and are carried out in three stages of development: "Origin (1960s-1970s): Preliminary Construction of Hong Kong's Nativism", "Development of Hong Kong's Nativism (1980s-1997): Awakening of Political Aspect" and "Formation and Alienation of Hong Kong's Nativism (1997-present): Deformed "decolonization". Along the evolution of Hong Kong's nativism, with the disintegration of colonialism, Hong Kong people have gradually transited from the subjectivity of colonization to the subjectivity of decolonization, but the process of "decolonization" has not been completed up to now.When nativism loses its native complex from the perspective of "inherent in China", and further develops into the "separatism" of anti-constitutional system and anti-national continuity and unity, it will challenge the stability of the relationship between the central government and the Special Administrative Region under the "one country, two systems". At the same time, it will have a greater impact on the political structure and the rule of law system of Hong Kong, and trigger a series of public law problems that need to be solved urgently. In this regard, on the one hand, we should re-clarify the relationship between the central government and the region under the "one country, two systems" in light of the new situation of democratic political development in Hong Kong, and improve Hong Kong's governance mechanism on the basis of the constitution and the basic law; on the other hand, we should actively learn from the German defensive democracy system to systematically interpret, integrate and apply Hong Kong's existing legal resources so as to effectively curb the development of local separatist forces.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.53-76
• /
• 2017

To solve the crisis of bill of lading, every effort has been made to introduce the electronic bill of lading and sea waybill on a global basis. In spite of these efforts, electronic bill of lading is not introduced practically so farm but sea waybill is used in western nations to cope with the crisis of bill of lading. But there is a practice that surrendered bill of lading is used insead of sea waybill in Korea, China and Japan to do so. The surrendered bill of lading faces the problem that it is not considered legally as bill of lading and the decisions rendered by each nation's courts are different according to the usages of surrendered bill of lading. So careful consideration must be made in regard to these decisions. The purpose of this paper is to avoid the disputes in advance in using the surrendered bill of lading by analyzing the precedents for the surrendered bill of lading and finding its notes. This paper analyzed the precedents regarding the surrendered bill of lading and found the notes as follows; Firstly, the surrendered bill of lading is not a kind of bill of lading but a practice that a consignee can take delivery of the cargo without loss of time at destination without redemption of original bill of lading. Secondly, the parties must take legal steps in using the surrendered bill of lading as the bill of lading acts cannot apply to the surrendered bill of lading. Thirdly, the parties should establish their practice in using the surrendered bill of lading. Fourthly, it is reasonable to use the sea waybill as a substitute for the surrendered bill of lading.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.257-281
• /
• 2017

It becomes a common feature of business practices in International Trade to use a standard terms for the formation of their contracts. However, because of differences in legal systems, business practices and so on in their own countries, there have been many conflicts and disputes happening between parties concerned in International Trade. The CISG, which has long been used as the governing law in many cases of International Trade, could not be free from those conflicting issues in its usage and application. This study analyzes the "Black Letter Rules" which was adopted by CISG Advisory Council in 2013 to provide an effective way of resolving the conflicting issues regarding the inclusion of standard terms in International Trade Contracts under the CISG. This study scrutinizes, the relevant rules and requirements for the inclusion of standard terms into a contract. It also deals with the offeror's duty of making clear reference to the standard terms, transmitting the contents of standard terms to the other party. As the other rules for the inclusion of standard terms, this study reviews the principle of denying the inclusion of standard terms after the formation of contracts, exclusion of surprising or unusual terms, preference of individually negotiated terms to the standard terms, contra preferentum rule and preference of the "knock-out rule" to "last-shot rule" in resolving the issue of so called, "Battle of Forms." Lastly, on the basis of analyzed opinion, this study suggests the practical implications for the people working at International Trade-related business sector to facilitate International Trade.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 2023

The compositions of ethnic groups in Macau vary with time. Prior to the opening of the port, the majority of the residents in Macau were Chinese people, including those living on land and at sea. After the port was opened, with the increase of Portugal businessmen and missionaries, the population was divided into Chinese people and foreigners (so-called 'Yiren' or 夷人 in Chinese). Chinese people living on land were mainly of Hakka, Fujian, and Cantonese descent. Those living at sea were referred to as 'Tanka People' (named 'Danmin' or 蜑民in Chinese). They lived on floating boats for their entire lives and were similar to the 'drifters' in Japan. Since modern times, many refugees from mainland China and Southeast Asia flooded into Macau due to warfare. The development of industrialization required a larger number of laborers, and some 'coolies' entered Macau in legal or illegal ways, making it a multi-ethnic city. However, the Tanka people were not considered a minority ethnic group under the national ethnic policy of 56 ethnic groups since they did not have an exclusive language and shared dialects in different regions. As the ports inhabited by Tanka people gradually restored foreign trade, the boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people were dismantled to expand the infrastructure area of the ports. Many Tanka people began to live on land and marry people on land, leading to the disappearance of the Tanka group in Macau. The fishing boats and stilt houses used by Tanka people have also disappeared, with only a few remaining in areas such as Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong. This paper examines the natural and social environment of Tanka people in Macau from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, as well as the adaptive changes they adopted for the aforementioned environment in terms of living space and architectural type, on the basis of summarizing the historical activities of Tanka people. Finally, this study provides a layout plan and interior structure of the most commonly used boat for Tanka people from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the Republic of China, with the use of CAD and other technical software, along with reference to written historical documentation, and provides a case study for further research on the architectural history of Macau's inner harbor cities, from anthropological and folklore perspectives.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.49-62
• /
• 2023

Due to social and cultural changes and the growth of aging people living as a single because of aging, lonely deaths are steadily increasing, and each local government has begun to define them as a social problem. The legal basis began to be established. In order to explore policy measures to prevent lonely deaths, this study examined cases of lonely death prevention policies using smart digital information technology (AI, IOT), which is being promoted by Daegu Metropolitan City to promote non-face-to-face policies to prevent lonely deaths. Policies related to lonely deaths are divided into two axes: lonely death prevention projects and post-excavation support projects. In order to operate these businesses efficiently, the provision of non-face-to-face services through artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things is recognized as a new service delivery system, so the importance and necessity of non-face-to-face services is increasing. It is time that multifaceted changes and preparations are needed, such as establishing a system to expand the non-face-to-face industry at the national level. In order to respond to another national disaster situation in the future, the non-face-to-face smart care system is being expanded in various welfare policies such as preventing lonely deaths. It will have to be activated.