• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2004

We investigated the anatomical aspects of vitrification in peace poplar. Comparisons were made with regard to characteristics occurring between hyperhydric and normal shoots in shoot proliferation cultures on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BA. Compared with normal plants, hyperhydric plants had thick, curled, and dark green leaves. Hyperhydric stems were thicker and shorter than those of normal stems. When examined under the microscopes, the mesophyll palisade cells of hyperhydric leaves were vacuolated, whereas those of normal leaves contained normal and enriched vacuole with cytoplasm. Generally, the hyperhydric leaves showed poorly developed palisade parenchyma, and revealed irregular and bigger sized intercellular structures in both palisade and spongy parenchyma as well as epidermis cells compare to those of normal leaves. In addition, the hyperhydric leaves had lower stomatal density and bigger sized cell. Vascular tissues of hyperhydic stems were less differentiated because of poorly lignified xylem tissue. The greatly expanded cortical cells and pith appeared to be the main cause of thick stems as compared with normal stems.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 1995

We studied the effects of the methanolic extracts and fractions from leaves, fruits, stems and roots of Curadrania tricuspidata on the formation of lipid peroxide. The methanol extracts of leaves, fructus and stem of this plants decreased the formation of lipid peroxide in the isolated rat liver. The ethyl acetate fraction of leaves and n-butanol fraction of stems reduced the lipid peroxide formation. It showed that arthocarpesin, one of the constituents isolated from this plant, lowered the formation of lipic peroxide by 13%, 21%, 22% and 25% at the concentration of $10^{-8},\;10^{-6},\;10^{-4}\;and\;10^{-2}mg/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional component changes (chlorophylls, vitamin C, and minerals) in two Korean spinach cultivars (Cheongrok, Ddangddali) according to different growth periods, as well as differences in the components of three plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots). Chlorophyll, vitamin C, Na, and Hunter‘s color a/b values reached maximum levels in the spinach leaves after 35 days of planting, while these components did not significantly change in the stems and roots during the growth period. Chlorophyll and vitamin C contents were higher in the leaves than in thestems and roots. On the other hand, moisture content was higher in the stems than in the leaves and roots, and Fe content was highest in the roots. The vitamin C content of this fresh harvested spinach was 2.5 times higher compared to the existing data (Food Nutritive Value Table 2005).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.365-369
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• 1993

Five phenolic compounds have been isolated from the stems and leaves of Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Rosaceae) in Korea. They were methyl gallate and catechin from the stems, and quercetin, methyl gallate and hyperin from the leaves respectively. The structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1998

Major characteristics of shrinking and rehydration of Korean tea-leaves were investigated in the hot-air drying equipment. Experiments were performed with various drying temperature, plucking time, heating method and rolling condition. The values of shrinking raito and rate were the highest at 7$0^{\circ}C$ in the range of 3$0^{\circ}C$ to 9$0^{\circ}C$. The 1st tea-leaves and showed higher values. Shrinking ratio was 16.62 and 19.62% for leaves and stems; shrinking rate was found 0.083 and 0.091cm/hr.cm, respectively. The rehydration characteristics of tea-leaves at the drying temperature of 3$0^{\circ}C$ were fairly satisfactory. The 2nd tea-leaves showed higher value than others, while the natural tea-leaves were lower. Average rehydration ratio and rehydration rate constant were 85.7% and 0.063/min for leaves; 80.1% and 0.032/min for stems, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2650-2655
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• 2023

In the process of growth and development, plants not only absorb essential nutritional elements, but also absorb radioactive and non-essential elements from the environment, and their distribution varies in different parts of the plant. In this study, neutron activation analysis and gamma spectrometry were performed on stems, roots, and leaves of vegetables. The results indicate that the accumulation of radionuclides and multi-elements depends on the plant type and plant parts. Activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in plants were accumulated in the following order: Roots > Stems > Leaves. The highest concentrations of ⁴⁰K and ²¹⁰Pb were observed in the stems and leaves of plants, respectively. Essential nutrient requirements of plants are in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn. Among the nonessential metals, the concentration of Na in the vegetable sample was much greater than those of the other elements. The K/Na ratio in the plant depends on the type of plant and the translocation within the plant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 2017

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the antibiotic effects of leaves, stems, and roots in yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius). Antibacterial activity of leaf extract by disk diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli respectively showed 13.3 and 13.75mm diameters of clear zone. There was no significant difference between the stems and leaves. The minimum inhibitory concentration of leaves' heating and agitation extraction showed a restrain of strain at 1mg/ml, but the stems and root extract did not appear. Yacon is a functional antibacterial material, and methanol extraction is more effective than water. This research was to investigate the growth stage of collection has the most effective antibacterial effects. It has collected yacon's leaves from June to October, which is an appropriate time for collection right before reaping. Yacon leaf has antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and Salmonella enteritifis. There were no significant differences by the growth stage of collection. Leaves collected in July are high in phenol which helps in sulfating activity works well considering the high scavenging capability of DPPH. Leaves collected in September are high in total flavonoid.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.672-685
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40％ of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563％ in leaves, 0.325％ in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054％ and 0.037％ each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0％ in leaves, and stems was 64.0％. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16％ in stem's extract, 33.18％ in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7％ and 23.5％ each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 ％ than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~ 3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5％ of yield.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.343-356
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40% of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563% in leaves, 0.325% in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054% and 0.037% each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0% in leaves, and stems was 64.0%. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16% in stem's extract, 33.18% in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7% and 23.5% each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 % than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5% of yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

This study conducted to elucidate the change of the cation content (Na$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$), the L-proline content, and the sugar and starch content in the stems, roots, and leaves of three cultivars of the 30 days old seedling soybeans (Glycine max L. cv. Danwonkong, Hwang-keumkong, and Kwangankong) after 100 mM NaCl stress containing 1/2 Hoaglands nutrient solution in the sand culture. The reduction of the dry matter weight after 100 mM NaCl treatment among cultivars was higher in the order of Kwangankong, Danwonkong, and Hwang-keumkong. The highest reduction of the dry matter weight was occurred at the roots among three parts of plant. The Na$^{+}$ content increased with NaCl treatment in overall and specially greatly increased in roots and stems. The $K^{+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$ content decreased with NaCl treatment at the roots and stems. The $K^{+}$ content, however, at the leaves increased in all three cultivars with the NaCl treatment. The L-proline content with NaCl stress increased greatly. The increment of the L-proline content at the stems and roots of Hwangkeumkong was lower than that of other two cultivars, K wangankong and Danwonkong. The sugar content decreased with NaCl treatment at the stems and leaves. The starch content also decreased at the stems and leaves with NaCl treatment.aCl treatment.