• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.461-470
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 CPSP (Cross Power Spectrum Phase) 함수를 이용한 프레임 기반의 TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) 추정시 나타나는 문제점들을 분석하고 연구하였다. 구형 윈도우함수를 이용해서 음성신호의 프레임을 추출할 때 나타나는 스펙트럼 누설현상은 CPSP 스펙트럼의 추정을 부정확하게 한다. 또한 스펙트럼 누설을 줄이기 위하여 구형이 아닌 다른 윈도우함수를 사용하여 프레임을 추출하면 프레임의 끝부분에서 발생하는 윈도우함수 가중치의 불일치 때문에 신호를 왜곡시킨다. 이 문제점들은 CPSP 기반의 TDOA 추정성능을 감소시킨다. 본 논문에서는 음성신호의 프리엠퍼시스를 이용하여 이러한 문제점들을 완화시키는 방법을 제안한다. 프리엠퍼시스된 음성신호의 다이나믹 레인지를 줄여줌으로써 스펙트럼 누설을 감소 시킨다. 제안한 프리엠퍼시스 방법을 검증하기 위하여, 다양한 잡음 및 잔향환경에서 TDOA 추정실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 프라엠퍼시스된 마이크 출력에 구형 윈도우함수를 적용시켜 CPSP를 구할 경우 프리엠퍼시스를 하지 않거나 다른 윈도우를 사용하는 경우에 비해 TDOA 추정성능이 향상됨을 확인하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2000

For more esthetic treatments the use of composite in molar areas are increasing. But polymerzation shrinkage that cause marginal leakage and cuspal deflection has been the problems of composites. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of low intensity curing and polishing period on marginal leakage. Cavities were prepared on the buccal or lingual surface of forty five sound extracted human teeth and etching, application of bonding agent and filling of composite was done. Group 1 was light cured at intensity of 600$mW/cm^2$ for 41 seconds and polished. Group 2 was light cured at intensity of 300$mW/cm^2$ for 2 seconds and polished and after polishing it was light cured for 40 seconds at 600$mW/cm^2$. Group 3 was light cured at intensity of 300$mW/cm^2$ for 2 seconds and waited for 5 minutes and after curing at 600$mW/cm^2$ for 40 seconds polishing was done. The specimens were thermocycled at $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ for 1000 cycles and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Composite-tooth interface was examined under stereobinocular microscope for dye penetration. The results were as follows : 1. Group which were cured at low intensity and polished after curing at high intensity showed less marginal leakage than group which were cured at high intensity for 41 seconds(p<0.05). 2. Marginal leakage between group which were cured at low intensity and polished immediately and group which were cured at high intensity for 41 second were not significantly different. Light curing at low intensity can reduce marginal leakage but polishing immediately after curing at low intensity for short time can affect marginal leakage.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2023

도시가스 사용시설 중 은폐배관에 점검구를 대신하여 누출점검용 가스계량기를 사용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이 계량기가 설치되어 있는 일부 세대 중 실제 가스누출이 없는 환경에서 보일러의 특수한 사용 패턴에 따라 누출 알람 경보가 지속적으로 발생되었다. 실제 가스 누출을 감지하는 본연의 기능을 발휘하지 못하는 실정이다. 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 보일러의 특수한 가스 사용 패턴에 따라 누출점검용 가스 계량기가 누출 알람을 발생시키는 조건을 분석하고, 실제 가스 누출이 있는 경우에만 계량기에서 알람을 발생 할 수 있는 설정값을 모색해 보았다. 이를 통해 알람의 오작동으로 인한 시민의 가스 사용에 대한 불안감을 해소함과 동시에 누출되고 있는 가스를 포착할 수 있는 계량기 본연의 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 하고자 한다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2006

Galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe and stainless steel pipe, which is being used in waterworks piping materials. In case of galvanized steel pipe, the precipitation of a product is being generated due to the pollution of the tap water, a white water phenomenon, and various corrosion reaction because a zinc ion is melted by tap water. And in case of a cupper pipe, many problems which is harm in sanitation appeared because of a inflow of harmfulness substance by a frequent accident of a water leakage. So, to prevent these problems, it is substituted for stainless steel pipe. However, those problems is still occurring because of badness of welding, a problem of a water leakage in connection part, and a increment of construction expenses. Therefore, this research has examined the laying period according to each piping thickness and a corrosion shape according to each laying depth after laying in various soils(sandy loam, loamy, clay loam, clay) using galvanized steel pipe, copper pipe, and stainless steel pipe. That is, we has studied the data which is necessary for a rational method of preserving the quality of water by examining the corrosion properties of piping materials in the soil environment which waterworks piping materials is being used.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제16권3호통권96호
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 1999

This paper represents the development of the brake system for the inline skate using bellows. The inline skate that is used at present has defects due to frequent impulse, which weakens the breaking force by damaging the parts. Therefore to solve these problems a break system for the inline skates using hydraulics is suggested. To solve the oil leakage problems, bellows is used. Also to prevent the breaks from not touching the ground when skating the bellows is placed at the heel, high as possible. To obtain fast response speed, the ratio of inner diameter of the bellows is changed so that with only a small displacement from the bellows the rubber pad attached to the bellows will touch the ground fast. The performance of the break system using bellows depends on the optimal design of the bellows. Therefore the parameters that changes the form of the bellows are tested and also the interaction between the forces are investigated. The performance of new model brake system with bellows and old model system with only a rubber pad without bellows was estimated through observation of braking posture.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권11호
• /
• pp.3543-3562
• /
• 2021

The methods and performance of a 3D pin-by-pin neutronics code based on the 2D/1D decoupling method are presented. The code was newly developed as an effort to achieve enhanced accuracy and high calculation performance that are sufficient for the use in practical nuclear design analyses. From the 3D diffusion-based finite difference method (FDM) formulation, decoupled planar formulations are established by treating pre-determined axial leakage as a source term. The decoupled axial problems are formulated with the radial leakage source term. To accelerate the pin-by-pin calculation, the two-level coarse mesh finite difference (CMFD) formulation, which consists of the multigroup node-wise CMFD and the two-group assembly-wise CMFD is implemented. To enhance the accuracy, both the discontinuity factor method and the super-homogenization (SPH) factor method are examined for pin-wise cross-section homogenization. The parallelization is achieved with the OpenMP package. The accuracy and performance of the pin-by-pin calculations are assessed with the VERA and APR1400 benchmark problems. It is demonstrated that pin-by-pin 2D/1D alternating calculations within the two-level 3D CMFD framework yield accurate solutions in about 30 s for the typical commercial core problems, on a parallel platform employing 32 threads.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2010

Faults due to salt damage prevent the provision of stable power supply because they affect large areas and require much time and man power for recovery. Korea, three sides of which are surrounded by sea, is especially exposed to the impact of sea winds and typhoons. Therefore, salt damage to power facilities is one of the greatest problems of Korea's power system. To prevent salt damage pollution of insulators, the salt damage deposit on the insulators is regularly measured, and the insulators are washed when their salt damage deposits are expected to reach a critical level. When salt is detected on the insulators, however, errors are likely to occur according to different workers and environments. Therefore, a leakage current measurement method was proposed in this study to check the salt damage pollution level and reduce these errors.

• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.167-176
• /
• 2014

유로의 개폐를 위해 사용되는 파이로밸브는 가볍고 신뢰성이 높은 장점을 가진다. 미국에서는 하이드라진 추진제를 사용하는 일부 위성 유실의 원인을 착화기 연소 가스의 누설로 판단하였고, 블로우바이라 불리는 이러한 누설 문제를 방지하기 위하여 억지끼워맞춤을 하는 피스톤을 개발하고 추가적인 설계변경을 통하여 신뢰성을 향상하였다. 여기서는 미국에서 수행된 파이로밸브 연구에 대한 문헌조사를 AIAA Paper 위주로 수행하였다. 또한 파이로밸브의 일반적인 문제점과 개선방향, 성능비교평가 사례 등을 다루었다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제60권8호
• /
• pp.1617-1621
• /
• 2011

In this paper, in order to reduce the electrical disaster such as electrical fire at traditional markets, we need to develop the circuit breaker which is able to monitor the power status of electrical equipments. Therefore, for solving the those problems, we developed the detection censor(ZCT, CT) and equipment of data analysis and transmission. The detection censor and equipment is able to monitor the electrical equipments condition(over current, leakage current, arc, etc.). We constructed Test-Bed for testing reliability of the circuit breaker and obtained certification. And we tested the over current, leakage current and arc under the normal condition. This paper will be used to the data for development an cabinet panel which is able to monitor the actual loads.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.240-241
• /
• 2017

In this stduy, we will references to provide reasonable basis for the test environments applicable to the chemical resistance test covered by KS F 4935 『Injection-type Sealing Materials for Water Leakage Crack of Adhesive and Flexible Rubber Asphalt』, analyze the problems with the current test methods in consideration of the features of materials. As a result, we assured more objective data in improved chemical resistance test methods.