• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2023

Purpose : Excessive alcohol causes damage to skeletal muscles, leading to the development of a specific disease entity called alcoholic myopathy. Chronic inflammation is related as an underlying mechanism for the loss of muscle mass induced by alcohol. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) play a role in this process. The acupuncture point Feng Shi (GB 31) is located on the midline of the lateral aspect of the thigh, above the transverse popliteal crease. This acupoint is used for the treatment of weakness, atrophy, numbness, and post-stroke symptoms of lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Feng Shi stimulation on muscle atrophy caused by chronic alcohol administration. Method : Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of eight each: Normal, Control, and GB31. The rats in the Control and GB31 groups were orally given 25 % ethanol (5 ㎖/kg, body weight) daily for 4 weeks. The Normal group was similarly administered saline. The acupressure at Feng Shi was treated to rats in the GB31 group. After 4 weeks, the body weight, muscle weight and cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius were assessed and the histological changes in gastrocnemius muscle fiber were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, TNF-α and IL-6 expressions were immunohistochemistrically evaluated. Results : Acupressure stimulation at Feng Shi had a protective effect on the weight reduction of the gastrocnemius muscle caused by alcohol intake, and had an effect of suppressing anatomical change in muscle fiber and decreasing the average cross-sectional area. Also, the immunoreactivities of TNF-α and IL-6 in the GB31 group were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that acupressure at Feng Shi has protective effects on chronic alcohol-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting pre-inflammatory proteins such as TNF-α and IL-6.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.20-20
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• 2003

We developed 30 ㎽-AlInGaN based violet laser diodes. The fabrication procedures of the laser diodes are described as follows. Firstly, GaN layers having very low defect density were grown on sapphire substrates by lateral epitaxial overgrowth method. The typical dislocation density was about 1-3$\times$10$^{6}$ /$\textrm{cm}^2$ at the wing region. Secondly, AlInGaN laser structures were grown on LEO-GaN/sapphire substrates by MOCVD. UV activation method, instead of conventional annealing, was conducted to achieve good p-type conduction. Thirdly, ridge stripe laser structures were fabricated. The cavity mirrors were formed by cleaving method. Three pairs of SiO$_2$ and TiO$_2$ layers were deposited on the rear facet for mirror coating. Lastly, laser diode chips were mounted on AlN submount wafers by epi-down bonding method. The lifetime of the laser diodes was over 10,000 hrs at room temperature under automatic power controlled condition. We expect the performance of the LDs to be improved by the optimization of the growth and fabrication process. The detailed characteristics and important issues of the laser diodes will be discussed at the conference.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2023

Objective : Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) is a crucial factor for the survival of neuron. The role of NMNAT2 in damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of NMNAT2 in TBI-induced neuronal degeneration and neurological deficits in rats. Methods : The TBI model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by a weight-dropping method. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C staining, and neurological score analyses were carried out. Results : NMNAT2 mRNA and protein levels were increased in the injured-side cortex at 6 hours and peaked 12 hours after TBI. Knocking down NMNAT2 with an injection of small interfering RNA in lateral ventricle significantly exacerbated neuronal degeneration and neurological deficits after TBI, which were accompanied by increased expression of BCL-2-associated X protein (Bax). Conclusion : NMNAT2 expression is increased and NMNAT2 exhibits neuroprotective activity in the early stages after TBI, and Bax signaling pathway may be involved in the process. Thus, NMNAT2 is likely to be an important target to prevent secondary damage following TBI.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3A호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2010

케이블을 이용하여 장경간을 필요로 하는 교량의 시공은 일반적으로 불완전 한 구조계인 교량의 선단에 데릭 혹은 무한궤도 크레인을 설치하여 수상 및 육상으로 이송되는 교량 상판을 리프팅하여 시공하게 된다. 이와 같은 경우 일차적으로 과도한 크레인의 자중으로 인하여 불완전한 구조계에 결함을 발생시킬 수 있으며, 또한 하부 수송으로 인한 추가 비용 및 공기를 소요하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 기존 시공방법을 개선하고자 개발된 교량 일 측에 편중 가능하고, 가동 붐을 설치하여 후방 이송 자재를 시공 지점으로 운반, 가설이 가능한 데릭 크레인의 시공 단계를 정의하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 데릭 크레인의 하중 재하 점을 고정부 4점으로 단순화하였으며, 가동 붐의 수직/수평 회전 범위를 고려하여 반력을 산정하였다. 또한 크레인의 '휴지' 및 '작업 중'의 단계로 나누어 가동 붐 및 강형, PC Slab에 의하여 발생하는 휨 모멘트를 시공단계에 반영하였다. 본 연구에 고려된 데릭 크레인은 접속교를 통한 육상 작업으로 시공 기간 및 비용을 줄일 수 있으며, 크레인 자체의 작은 중량으로 시공 중 재하 하중 감소를 꾀할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1091-1100
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• 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the major causes of cervical lesions and are associated with 71% of cervical cancer cases globally. However, public health infrastructures to support cervical cancer screening may be unavailable to women in low-resource areas. Therefore, sensitive, convenient, and cost-efficient diagnostic methods are required for the detection of HPV16/18. Here, we designed two novel methods, real-time ERA and ERA-LFD, based on enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) for quick point-of-care identification of the HPV E6/E7 genes. The entire detection process could be completed within 25 min at a constant low temperature (35-43℃), and the results of the combined methods could be present as the amplification curves or the bands presented on dipsticks and directly interpreted with the naked eye. The ERA assays evaluated using standard plasmids carrying the E6/E7 genes and clinical samples exhibited excellent specificity, as no cross-reaction with other common HPV types was observed. The detection limits of our ERA assays were 10⁰ and 10¹ copies/µl for HPV16 and 18 respectively, which were comparable to those of the real-time PCR assay. Assessment of the clinical performance of the ERA assays using 114 cervical tissue samples demonstrated that they are highly consistent with real-time PCR, the gold standard for HPV detection. This study demonstrated that ERA-based assays possess excellent sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability for HPV16 and HPV18 detection with great potential to become robust diagnostic tools in local hospitals and field studies.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2023

Recently, research on experimental and analytical techniques utilizing microfluidic devices has been pursued. For example, lab-on-a-chip devices that integrate micro-devices onto a single chip for processing small sample quantities have gained significant attention. However, during sample preparation, unnecessary gases can be introduced into the internal channels, thus, impeding device flow and compromising specific function efficiency, including that of analysis and separation. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate this issue, however, many involve cumbersome procedures or suffer from complexities owing to intricate structures. Recently, some approaches have been introduced that utilize hydrophobic device structures to remove gases within channels. In such cases, the permeability of gases passing through the structure becomes a crucial performance factor. In this study, a method involving the deposition and sintering of diluted Ag-ink onto a silicon wafer surface is presented. This is followed by unstructured nano-pattern creation using a Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) process, which yields a nanostructured surface with unstructured pillar shapes. Subsequently, gas permeability in the spaces formed by these surface structures is investigated. This is achieved by experiments conducted to incorporate a pressure chamber and measure gas permeability. Trends are subsequently analyzed by comparing the results with existing theories. Finally, it can be confirmed that the significance of this study primarily lies in its capability to effectively evaluate gas permeability through unstructured pillar-like nanostructures, thus, providing quantitative values for the appropriate driving pressure and expected gas removal time in practical device operation.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2023

This study experimentally verified the etch rate of the SiO₂ sacrificial layer etching process with a single etch hole using vapor-phase hydrogen fluoride (VHF) etching. To fabricate small-sized polysilicon etch holes, both circular and triangular pattern masks were employed. Etch holes were fabricated in the polysilicon thin film on the SiO₂ sacrificial layer, and VHF etching was performed to release the polysilicon thin film. The lateral etch rate was measured for varying etch hole sizes and sacrificial layer thicknesses. Based on the measured results, we obtained an approximate equation for the etch rate as a function of the etch hole size and sacrificial layer thickness. The etch rates obtained in this study can be utilized to minimize structural damage caused by incomplete or excessive etching in sacrificial layer processes. In addition, the results of this study provide insights for optimizing sacrificial layer etching and properly designing the size and spacing of the etch holes. In the future, further research will be conducted to explore the formation of structures using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes to simultaneously seal etch hole and prevent adhesion owing to polysilicon film vibration.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권12호
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• pp.895-903
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 실내실험을 수행하여 홍수터 식생에 의한 하안의 안정성, 만곡부의 곡률 변화, 사행의 발달과 이동을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 홍수터에 식생이 있는 하도는 시간이 증가하면서 사행의 하폭이 일정하게 유지하지만, 선택적인 하안침식에 의해 사행이 발달하고 하류로 이동하였다. 이러한 과정에서 하안침식과 사주의 변화가 크지 않으며, 저수로가 일정하게 유지되면서 유사유출량은 감소하고 변동성이 거의 없이 일정하게 유지되고 있다. 식생의 밀도가 증가함에 따라, 하안침식률이 감소하였다. 식생의 밀도가 증가함에 따라 하안침식률이 감소하였고, 사행의 발달에 영향을 주었다. 이는 홍수터 식생이 하안의 안정성을 증가시키고, 하도의 평면변화에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자 중의 하나임을 의미한다. 하안침식률과 무차원 곡률반경은 홍수터에 식생이 없는 조건에서 가장 크고, 식생이 있는 조건에서는 작다. 또한 상대 측방이동률과 무차원 곡률반경도 하안침식률과의 관계가 유사하는 특성을 보였다. 따라서 홍수터 식생은 하도의 안정성을 증가시켜서 하안침식과 사행의 발달뿐만 아니라, 사행의 곡률 변화와 이동에 영향을 준다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.2352-2366
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• 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls with precast steel-concrete composite modular (PSCCM) are strongly recommended in the structural design of nuclear power plants due to the need for a large number of process pipeline crossings and industrial construction. However, the effect of the PSCCM on the mechanical behavior of the whole RC shear wall is still unknown and has received little attention. In this study, three 1:3 scaled specimens, one traditional shear wall specimen (TW) and two shear wall specimens with the PSCCM (PW1, PW2), were designed and investigated under cyclic loadings. The failure mode, hysteretic curve, energy dissipation, stiffness and strength degradations were then comparatively investigated to reveal the effect of the PSCCM. Furthermore, numerical models of the RC shear wall with different PSCCM distributions were analyzed. The results show that the shear wall with the PSCCM has comparable mechanical properties with the traditional shear wall, which can be further improved by adding reinforced concrete constraints on both sides of the shear wall. The accumulated energy dissipation of the PW2 is higher than that of the TW and PW1 by 98.7 % and 60.0 %. The failure of the shear wall with the PSCCM is mainly concentrated in the reinforced concrete wall below the PSCCM, while the PSCCM maintains an elastic working state as a whole. Shear walls with the PSCCM arranged in the high stress zone will have a higher load-bearing capacity and lateral stiffness, but will suffer a higher risk of failure. The PSCCM in the low stress zone is always in an elastic working state.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1994

반지락큰입흡충 Pmpemn timondavidi(Digenea: Gynulophallidae)의 발육단계별 표피 미세구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였을 피낭유충은 반지락(TqvesphiEippinam)으로부터 분리하였고 유약충 및 성충은 피낭유충을 마우스에 경구 감염시킨 다음 1일. 2일 3일 및 7일째에 소장으로부터 회수하였다. 피낭유충은 큰 구흡반과 측면돌기를 가지고 있었다. 구흡반의 구순에는 제1형 및 제2형 감각유두가 밀집하여 있었으며. 측면돌기 내측에 제3형 감각유두가 관찰되었다 생식공은 복흡반 전방으로 멀리 떨어져 위치하였으며, 생식공 주위에 제1형 감각유두가 밀집되어 있었다 피극은 흡반의 구순과 생식공 주변을 제외한 전 충체 표피에 모두 분포하였다. 감염 1일의 유약충에서는 복흡반이 발달되어 있었고, 구순의 내연과 외연에 제1형 및 제2형 감각유두가 6개씩 관찰되었다. 복흡반 바로 전방에는 제1형 감각유두 2개가 분포하고 있었다. 생식공은 매우 작으며 주위에 제1형 감각유두 15개가 분포하였다 감염 2-7일의 충체들은 성장이 계속될수록 피극의 분 자수가 많아졌고, 생식공 위로 생식강(genital atrium)이 생겨 생식공을 덮고 있었으며, 원형질 이 분화하여 돌기와 함몰부가 많이 생겼다. 감염 2일 및 3일 된 유약충들의 구흡반 구순에는 제2형 감각유두 4개가 분포하는 것이 특이하였다. P. timondavidi는 구흡반의 감각유두 배열, 생식공 주위 의 제1형 감각유두 분포와 모양 및 복흡반 전방에 제1형 감각유두 2개의 존재 등으로 다른 Gymnophallidae과의 충체들과 구별할 수 있었다.