• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2020

In this study, we aimed to identify the latest trends of landscape in apartment complexes by identifying how landscaping spaces are being created and what their characteristics are. Furthermore, we aimed to find out what type of garden is being constructed in the landscaping space and what the difference between the landscaping space and the garden space is, and to define the future direction of landscape for apartment complexes. The following results were our findings. First, we identified that landscaping space is divided into general landscaping space and garden space. The garden space has designated area within the whole apartment complex as a garden and there is a variety of garden themes and plants, facilities, packaging patterns, and sculptures are used accordingly. On the other hands general landscaping space features uniform patterns of packaging and simple planting patterns. Our finding is that the current trend is to set up separate garden space within the landscaping space of apartment complexes. Although gardens are often regarded as personal property and spaces that need to be cultivated or managed, and spaces that are limited to fences are defined as gardens, the current landscaping space of apartments is creating gardens-like spaces within public spaces.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.5-9
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• 2019

Desalination requires large energy. This experiment deals to desalinate brackish water through solar panels. The discharge from desalination plants is almost entirely water, and .01 percent is salt. Desalination is a process that extracts minerals from saline water. Solar-powered desalination technologies can be used to treat non-traditional water sources to increase water supplies in rural, arid areas. Water scarceness is a rising dilemma for large regions of the world. Access to safe, fresh and pure clean drinking water is one of the most important and prime troubles in different parts of the world. Among many of water cleansing technologies solar desalination/distillation/purification is one of the most sustainable and striking method engaged to congregate the supply of clean and pure drinkable water in remote areas at a very sound cost. Six types of dripper having discharge 3 - 8 lh-1 were installed one by one and measured discharge and volume of clean water indicated that at 6 lh-1 untreated water discharge have maximum evaporation and volume of clean water was 19.2 lh-1 at same temperature and radiations. Now strategy was developed that when increased the temperature the intake discharge of untreated water must be increased and salt drained water two times more than treated water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1986

To obtain the information of low chlorine leaf production, the chlorine content of the soil and cured leaf in Burley tobacco growing area was investigated. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The chlorine concentration in soil at transplanting time in Kwang-ju growing area was higher than in Jeon-ju(1983), and paddy field sell showed higher concentration of chlorine than upland field in Jeon-ju(1984). The chlorine concentration in soil was different between years, locations, and cultivated land (paddy field and upland field), but the concentration, on the whole, was under the levels that might effect the leaf quality. 2. The chlorine concentration In soil was highest around todays after transplanting, and after harvesting, the concentration decreased to half of transplanting time. 3. The distribution of chlorine through the parts of tobacco plant showed remarkable difference between years, locations, cultivated land and growing stages. 4. There was significant positive correlation between chlorine concentration in top soil and chlorine content of cured leaf. 5. Chlorine content of cured leaf in Kwang-ju area(1.79%) was higher than that of Jeon-ju area(O.79%), relatively. 6. It was considered that the accumulation of salt from the sea by sea. wind did not main factor of high leaf chlorine content in seaside district.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

Marginal soils such as BRlS (Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales) soils and ex-tin mining land make up approximately 0.5 million ha or about 2% of Malaysia's land area. In the coastal areas of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia impoverished sandy BRIS dominates the landscape with most lying idle as there is no national management plan for their utilization. A field study was carried out to see whether mycorrhizal application had any effect on the growth of three exotic Acacia spp., i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, A. mangium and Acacia hybrid (A. auriculiformis ${\times}$ A. mangium) on BRIS soils. Two types of mycorrhizal inoculum, namely, a commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum marketed as $MycoGold^{TM}$ and an indigenous ectomycorrhizal Tomentella sp. inoculum were tested. In the initial six months, height growth of all three tree species inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum was significantly improved compared to the ectomycorrhizal inoculated and uninoculated control plants. The mycorrhizal effect was not evident thereafter and repeated application of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum may be necessary for continued growth enhancement. Of the three species, A. mangium had the highest relative height growth rate over the 24 months on BRlS soils.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.423-433
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• 2020

Direct current (DC) electric fields have been used for electro-osmotic dewatering. Under DC conditions, however, the electrical contact resistance between the electrode and the dewatering material increases considerably during the process of dewatering. Such a circumstance hinders the continuation of effective electro-osmotic dewatering. To reduce this hindrance, an applied pulse electric field with periodic reversals of the electrode polarity should improve electro-osmotic dewatering. In this study, electro-osmotic dewatering under pulse conditions was experimentally investigated for electrode polarity reversals. During the dewatering process, the pulse electric field was able to reduce the hindrance caused by the DC, resulting in an increased final dewatered amount relative to that under a DC electric field. For a constant applied voltage, the reversed polarity condition, under which the electric current passing through the material was almost unchanged with time, yielded the maximum final dewatered amount. This technique can be used to enhance drainage from a water storage facility during a period of extreme drought and the seawater desalination plants using reverse osmosis in drought stricken coastal regions.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to classify the plant species occurring in the saline reclaimed land by saline tolerance. The vegetation of reclaimed land was composed of various plant species from halophyte to glycophyte showing different saline tolerances. In the investigated saline region, reclaimed land of Youngjong island, Inchun city, 175 species belonging to 32 families were found. Our survey was carried out in two region, having different salinity due to different desalinization. The electricalconductivity (EC) of more saline region showed 48.0mS/cm nd the other region showed 13.0mS/cm. It is assumed that intensity of precipitation and runoff of rainfall may cause salinity gradient in the investigated region. The plant species occurred in the experimental region were classified as 72 species of annual, 42 species of biennial, and 61 species of perennial according to life cycle. For knowing relationship between vegetation of saline region and saline tolerance of occurring species, we tested the saline susceptibility of plant species collected at the saline regions. Testing plants were cultured by nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl, the critical concentration of survival in glycophytes. The saline tolerance was graded by the growing capacity in the sand-culture system. The more saline-tolerant species screened by sand culture were Atriplex gmelini, Suaeda asparagoides, Aster tripolium, Suaeda maritima, Salicornia herbacea, and Suaeda japonica. The most saline tolerant family was Chenopodiaceae. Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Brassicaceae showed relatively high tolerance to saline stress. In the course of growth under the high saline condition, the most noticeable change was the darkening of leaves by increasing of chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll contents were increased with saline stress in most species.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the planting arrangement of ornamental trees and shrubs that leads to an appropriate, type of templescape. Temples sampled for this study were Woljonsa, Sineunsa, Sinreugsa and Mitasa which fall all under the category of the level land. The results obtained were as follows : Open space of Daewoongjeon in all temples, a main Sanctuary among temple buildings, where Buddha is enshrined in, we could not find any kinds of trees/shrubs to be planted. But tere were Acer mono, Acer planmatum, Crataegus pinnatifidam Raododendron poukhanense, Texus cuspidata and Buxus mincrophylla to be planted, before Jeokkwangjeon, in which Buddha is exceptionally enshrined. In Geugragjeon of both temples of Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa, and Elysium building and Muryangsujeon of Woljeongsa temple, an immeasurable bliss building, in which an Amitabha is enshrined. was Taxus cuspidata planted numerously found. Particularly, Josadang, Muryangsujeon and Samsungkag of Woljeongsa temple commonly had Sciadopiys verticillata, which is known as one of Japanese-favorite trees. Syinga oblata Lindaley was also observed at Jeokkwangjeon of Woljeongsa temple and Keungnakjon of Sinheungsa temple, and Vidurnun opulus var. calvesvens, a symbolic flower tree imaging Buddha's head, was planted in Myungboojeon of Sinheungsa temple and Keugnakjeon of Sinreugsa temple. Juniperus chinensis which could be observed in both temples Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa was well arranged enough to be easily captured by human's eyes. In terms of templescape that might be considered in templescape, the correlation between trees/shrubs and temple buildings was thoroughly discussed. And, with the results obtained through precise studies, we presented here in this paper newly designed model of templescape in level land buddhist temples which is possibly applied for planting and arrangement of trees or/and shrubs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.84-101
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• 2004

This study presents an ecological management plan for wildbird habitat conservation, an nature-friendly enhancement of bio-diversity using the riverside of the Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area in Seoul by analyzing environmental and ecological characteristics. As a result of analyzing actual vegetation, vegetation type was classified into 34 types. Humulus japonicus association covers an area of 441,568.6㎡(31.44％), and Artemisia princeps var. orientalis association covers an area of 89,690.1㎡(6.39％). Sandy plain as valuable wildbird habitat covers an area of 89,965.9㎡(6.4％). 125 taxa including 34 families, 93 genera, 107 species, and 18 varieties were recorded and the number of naturalized plants were 41 taxa at the survey site. Total naturalized index(NI) and urbanized index(UI) were recorded as 32.8％, and 15.5％. As a result of analyzing the herb plants association structure by surveying 8 belt-transects, the humid native plants was dominant in the partially adjacent revetment edge and damp riverside. On the other hand, naturalized plants was so extensively dominant that it was necessary to establish an ecological management plan. The observed wildbirds belonged to 50 species, 6,118 individuals, and 7 restricted species by law, which were Accipiter gentilis, Falco tinnunculus, Buteo hemilasius, and Buteo buteo. Oriolus chinensis,Hirundo rustica, and Alcedo atthis. The ecological administration plan for Tancheon Ecosystem Conservation Area as follows: in ecological land-use planning, the conservation area(695,518.5㎡) has native woody and herb vegetation and sandy plain with water as an wildbird habitat. The restoration area(653,702.7㎡) has a naturalized plants distribution are with artificial revetment. The nature-friendly Riverside Area(55,414.9㎡) was an easily approached area with damaged riverside vegetation, and a safe area to wildbird habitat. In riverside restoration planning, the artificial riverside should be restored to its natural riverside vegetation, and the artificial embankment should be restored with edge shrubs for wildbird habitat or revegetated for natural riverside landscape. For naturalized plants management planning, we selected naturalized plant species to be weeded out, and suggested an application method for ecological management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.503-518
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• 2010

The Wando Jeongdo-ri Windbreak Forest is located in region of Wando, where located between sea and land facing with the southward. Due to the strong winds from the southeast in the summer season, it is very important sites as an ecological succession areas that protect cultivated land and the fishing village. Flora of Wando Jeongdo-ri Windbreak Forest is recorded as 384 taxa with 93 families 250 genera 355 species 42 varieties and 7 forms. The Jeongdo-ri Windbreak Forest belongs to South coast province, and appeared Cymbidium nipponicum as Endangered Plant Species II. Rare Plants are recorded as 6 taxa; C. nipponicum, Arisaema heterophyllum, Lilium distichum, Koelreuteria paniculata, Monotropa uniflora and Ardisia macrocarpa. The Protection species which is designated by the CITES are 2 taxa; Cymbidium goeringii and C. nipponicum. Protection species of IUCN is 1 taxa; Cinnamomum japonicum. Endemic plant are 7 taxa; Poa annua, Polygonum lasianthum var. coreanum, Chloranthus fortunei, Carpinus coreana and Lonicera subhispida. The naturalized plant is recorded as 32 taxa with 11 families 23 genera 27 species 5 varieties. The Naturalization Index was 8.33%, and the Urbanization Index was 11.81%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.357-368
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• 1987

The productivity of cropping systems with corn and soybean were tested in field layouts such as monocultures of each, I-row alternation(l：1), 1-row corn with 2-rows soybean(l：2), and 1-row corn with 3 rows soybean(l : 3). Increasing soybean rows in alternative row croppings modified corn plant short and thick stalk. Decreasing soybean rows induced lodging of soybean plants because of lengthy stem. Although LAI in alternative row croppings increased by 2-8% over monocultures, light transmition into canopy was improved in alternative rows with rearrangement of leaf area and top dry wt.. Top/root ratio of corn plants in alternative rows was decreased as increasing soybean rows. The amount of total nitrogen uptake was increased by 4-22% in alternative row croppings over monocultures. Grain yield of corn plants was increased and that of soybean was decreased as rows of soybean increased in alternative row croppings. Land equivalent ratios were ranged from 0.96 to 1.01, but grain yields, amount of total nitrogen, and dry matter yields were increased by 17-20, 10-25, and 17-20%, respectively, in alternative rows. The 1 : 1 alternative row of corn and soybean was concluded the best cropping system for production of grain and dry matter.