• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.4
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• pp.79-88
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• 2003

The lacquer ware objects of Nangnang were treated for conservation and seven of them were studied on the manufacturing technic. When we examined them using microscopes and an SEM-EDS analysis, the lacquer layer was proved to consist of two parts: the ground and the upper lacquer. The ground coating was made of several mixed materials such as powdered bone and minerals. Many forms of powdered bone were observed. We could find out that HgS, PbO and AgS were used as pigments. We could also find out a specific process and materials were used for those objects, although we could not say definitely what they were because the number of the sample was not big enough.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.12
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

The authors did conservation treatment of wooden objects excavated from Isong Sanung Fortress upon request of the Museum of Hanyang University. The authors investigated types of the trees prior to conservation treatment to find out 1 Pinus spp. and 11 Querus spp. The authors investigated paint coating of 1 wooden ware to find out No.4 of the exterior and No.3 of the interior and about 100㎛ thickness of the lacquer layer. The. conservation treatment was done to immerse wooden ware into high molecular PEG#3,350 in water solution (10 ~ 45%) and to give physical strength and to do vacuum freeze drying.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.9
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

Wooden objects excavated from Gwangju Shinchang-dong, we analyzed total 40 pieces consisting of 37 pieces for analysis of species of trees, 3 pieces for analysis of lacquer. and especially it was found that in case of lacquerware and living goods like dish, diffuse-porous woods were used. As a result of this, total 7 species of trees used for wooden objects identified are Quercus spp., Cearsus spp., Prunophora spp., Acer spp., Salix spp., Populus spp. were identified. As a result of analyzing lacquered film, though there is a difference of times of lacquering between holed lacquerware and cylider type lacquerware body part 5, it was confirmed that after undercoating, black pigments and lacquer were painted on upper layer in mixture, and foundation platter for with 5 parts lacquer ware was undercoated with mixture of powdered soil, black pigments and lacquer, and then its upper layer was coated with lacquer mixed with black pigments.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2016

Lacquer has a high value as a coating of typical arts and crafts in East Asia including Korea, Japan, and China and traditional representative of the gorgeous satin that is fit to the cultural conditions of each region. Lacquer is harmless to the human body and its robustness, preservatives, moth proofness, and strong heat resistance can maintain a long life. It seems that it will be able to make a significant contribution to create a variety of products if we continually study and raise the productivity and quality of the goodness of these lacquer. In this context, we reviewed the Pitae lacquer wares, which is one of the lacquer of traditional techniques that can be applied to the development of daily necessities and cultural product. Joining the goodness of harmless and environment-friendly lacquer and the characteristics of the leather that can produce a variety of physical beauty can develop household goods of tradition and modernity in harmony. It is worthwhile re-interpreting the tradition in the aspect that we can develop our culture from a modern, plastic, and artistic point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.96-104
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• 2008

In this study, the observation of test pieces with an optical microscope was carried out after fabricating 4 groups of standard lacquer, in order to inquire into the ancient lacquering techniques. Group I had transparent reddish brown color, and the part of layer was indefinite, and the layer polished was easily distinguished. Group II had mostly transparent yellowish brown color, and it was possibility distinguished the layers when they were varnished with mixed lacquer after prime coating, and when they were varnished with lacquer as the prime coating. Group III set up membrane in the hardening process of the lacquer, and the lacquer and the unsaturated fatty acid of internal part was dried, so the top layer and the lacquer layer were separated and observed. Group IV: When the lacquer coat film of Group IV test pieces were observed in polarized light, the ferrous components were seen as the black and red color were mixed, and the silica crystals of silty soil were distinguished by reflection of lights. And the colors were distinguished as the lacquer layer of ruddle had red color, and the mixed lacquer of reddish lacquer and ruddle had the deep red color at the top and the bottom, but the middle part had the bright red color.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

Residual fatty acid of the basic material[Backgol] for reinforcement used on the edges of the lacquer ware inlaid box of Chosŏn Dynasty was analyzed. The result showed that it contained considerable amount of cholesterol. So it was confirmed to be animal material. Gas chromatography showed that its fatty acid composition is similar to that of sharkskin. On the basis of this analysis results, the damaged area of the object was restored by using sharkskin as a material for reinforcement.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

Herein, we present the results of the analysis of a lacquer coating fragment excavated from 'Daesungdong No.88 tomb of Gimhae'. We observed the fragment with an optical microscope and used scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) as well as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis to determine the structure of the lacquer coating and the technique used for coating. The sample was identified as a Moksim Jophy Lacquer. It is made from wood, painted with textile fabric and coated with soil clay. The SEM-EDS analysis revealed residues of bone meal at the bottom part of the sheath layer. The incorporation of bone meal in a lacquer coating layer is one of the characteristics of the Han Dynasty, and was also found in the Nangnang Region and the United Silla Dynasty. Inside the sword sheath is a specific adherent structure of silk fabric, the same type of leguminous plant found in another sword sheath excavated from the Eastern Han-tomb of Xi'an. Results constitute the latest information about lacquer ware found in the southern district of the Korean peninsula. Moreover, the findings shed light on an international relationship with Kumkwan-Kaya where the sword sheath was produced.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2009

As a result of investigating research papers concerning the metal bound rim decoration on four pieces of 'Bowl, white porcelain with impressed floral design and sliver bound rim' and one piece of 'Bowl, white porcelain with sliver bound rim' from among the Jingdezhen white porcelain, which are Sinan remains that are kept in a National museum of Korea. It was found that the material of the bound rim was not silver but tin, and lacquer was used as glue. Based on such a scientific analysis, this study conducted a reproduction test of the manufacturing technique and the bonding method of the metal bound rim attached to the upper tip of the china ware. As a way of reproducing the bound rim, the study was able to discover the best method in terms of the avoidance of loss of materials and the workability out of various cutting methods for tin plates, and it also discovered that the use of lacquer in mixture with soil showed a better workability than the use only of a lacquer ingredient in a test of the bonding method of a metal bound rim using lacquer. Also, in the test of a drying method, a bonding method after drying within a short time at a relatively high temperature was found to be more effective than the drying method after humidifying at a normal temperature, which is used in traditional lacquer ware preservation treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2016

This study is about watching the changes in Modern and Contemporary ages, through Traditional Ottchil Painting analyzed the formative characteristics presented on 23 pieces of Najeon Master Bong-Ryong Kim. He restored and reproduced the Ottchil Painting Technique by making Najeon ware (lacquer ware inlaid with the mother-of-pearl) on the Korean Modern and Contemporary period. The formative characteristics of his Ottchil Painting Technique are as follows. He used a lot of the Myochilchaehoi Technique as the technique of expression, along with the Najeon Yanggam Technique mixed with Myochilchaehoi Technique. The frame material of Ottchil Painting Ware is handcrafted wood. And in the painting foundation, red is presented more than black. The colors of painting and the pattern drawn on the foundation of Ottchil painting are mainly bright red, blue, yellow, black, and white (five-color). The main pattern used is the dragon, and the subordinate patterns are clouds and Arabesque. Also, the main pattern is solo, and the subordinate pattern is mostly an arrangement combination of radiation symmetry. This style of art was most commonly used for painting fruit trays. As stated above, Bong-Ryong Kim presented various and masterful aesthetic quality based on sincere and exquisite Najeon ware production skills.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

The research paper for lacquer design furniture design development utilizing the shape of the clean vase investigates and analyzes the vase ceramic deformities of the most prominent Qing's era in Chinese ceramic history, and shows it in a vase to find the basic form of the vase ceramic of that era Applied the shape of the vase itself, and tried to provide a plastic basis for the design of lacquer works. Focusing on the shape of the shaping element shown in the Qing Dynasty vase, we analyze the type of the type, and examine the shape of the bottle china in China Qing period through the investigation of materials used and various documents. Based on the data obtained through the experiment, the design of furniture to sit by applying Chinese clean vase ceramic malformation to Hyopjotalte(Ottchil) lacquer ware in the lacquer making method.