• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.432-443
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• 2017

The primary goal of the MPEG-H 3D Audio standard is to provide immersive audio environments for high-resolution broadcasting services such as UHDTV. This standard incorporates a wide range of technologies such as encoding/decoding technology for multi-channel/object/scene-based signal, rendering technology for providing 3D audio in various playback environments, and post-processing technology. The reference software decoder of this standard is a structure combining several modules and can operate in various modes. Each module is composed of independent executable files and executed sequentially, real time decoding is impossible. In this paper, we make DLL library of the core decoder, format converter, object renderer, and binaural renderer of the standard and integrate them to enable frame-based decoding. In addition, by measuring the computation complexity of each mode of the MPEG-H 3D-Audio decoder, this paper also provides a reference for selecting the appropriate decoding mode for various hardware platforms. As a result of the computational complexity measurement, the low complexity profiles included in Korean broadcasting standard has a computation complexity of 2.8 times to 12.4 times that of the QMF synthesis operation in case of rendering as a channel signals, and it has a computation complexity of 4.1 times to 15.3 times of the QMF synthesis operation in case of rendering as a binaural signals.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the clinical and the instrument of convergence utility of transient elastography (FibroScan(R):electromagnetic wave) in diagnosing and treating liver ailments through a comparison and an analysis between liver function blood test and transient elastography (FibroScan(R)) in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Of all the patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection who visited clinic B in Daejeon City between July 1, 2015, and February 28, 2016, 75 who underwent a FibroScan(R) test were selected for this study. Their laboratory and liver function test results were compared for a correlation analysis before constructing an ROC (Receiver Operation Characteristic) curve. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 0.572 and 0.502, respectively, and showed highest correlation with fibrosis score, with statistical significance (p<0.000). Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase levels also showed relatively significant correlations in this order of sequence, while -fetoprotein and total protein levels did not show any statistically significant values. Albumin (-0.449) and platelet levels (-0.373) showed negative correlations with each other and no correlation with fibrosis score (p < 0.000). As liver fibrosis worsened, the accuracy of the ROC curve increased. At the F4 stage, which is the cirrhotic stage, the largest area under the curve was observed. FibroScan(R) showed significant correlation with the ALT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and AST (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) levels in the liver function test, which is a routine test for patients with chronic liver ailments. This implies that fibrosis correlates with liver inflammation severity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2004

This research is to determine the level of environmental pollution at a blasting construction area which is the origin of noise, vibration, and suspended particle, and to compare the results with other domestic and international standard data. This experiment is also to find out the effects resulting from blasting construction and to propose a plan that can decrease environmental pollution. The blasting construction area is a factory site which is about one and half million square meter and sewage disposal plant is about ninety thousand square meter. Both were selected as the areas for the tests to be conducted in determination test. The test to determine the level of noise, vibration, and total suspended particle was conducted thirty times around the blasting construction area by comparing measurement results and numerical analysis. However, as the test was not conducted in the laboratory but in the actual blasting construction area, it was not possible to do the test with the same exact conditions each true. Therefore, the test was not ideal as conditions could change from test to test. For the most part, the level of noise was below the standard level of 70dB. Every vibration test was under the standard limitation. For example, a house, 200m away was tested for noise and vibration and the level was found to be under the 0.2 cm/sec which is the standard for specialty designed cultural sites., i.e very low level. Also a buried oil pipeline that was 30m away also marked under 2.0cm/sec which is the norm for an industrial area. However, if there were an oil pipeline under the house, the amount of charging gunpowder per hole should be decreased compared to the amount used in the test. The test result for suspended particles under the standard limitation which is 24hour average 300$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ at a distance from blasting wavelength, but at detonator, total suspended particle from the blast origin exceeded the standard limitation. If explosion occurs when it detonates in the hole, most of the energy would be absorbed in the crushing of rocks, but some remaining energy would make noises and vibration inevitable. So the important thing is how to minimize the environmental pollution from the blasting. There should be regulations in order that the standard limitation is not exceeded, and to decrease the environmental pollution from the blasting.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

This study was attempted to generate a monoclonal antibody against human $\alpha$-fetoprotein (AFP) and to produce an immunoassay, recognizing AFP in plasma and amniotic fluid. AFP was purified from human amniotic fluid and used to immunize mice. Spleens were taken from the mice and the cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells (Sp2/0-Ag-14) for the production of monoclonal antibodies by employing the hybridoma technology. As a result, a hybridoma cell line producing anti-AFP monoclonal antibody was cloned out and designated as MabF22. From isotyping analysis, it was found that monoclonal antibody MabF22 was IgG type with IgG1 heavy chain and k light chain. The binding specificity of MabF22 was analyzed by immunoblotting as well as by ELISA. MabF22 was highly specific, reacting with only AFP-containing samples. The binding affinity was determined by ELISA (free-capture mode) and Scatchard analysis. As a result, the value of Kd was 0.8$\times$10$^{-10}$M. The validity of the MabF22 for AFP assay was examined by two kinds of ELISAs, i.e., non-competitive and competitive ELISA. Both assays revealed that MabF22 reacted well with AFP in sample in a concentration-dependent manner. Standard curve and antibody titration curve were obtained by using purified AFP and MabF22. These results indicate that the monoclonal antibody produced in this study would be useful not only for research purposes but also for further development of immune-diagnostic kit for the measurement of AEP concentration.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the clinical manifestation and natural course of benign transient hyperphosphatasemia (BTH) in children. Methods: A total of 17 children diagnosed with BTH between June 2006 and July 2007, were included in this study. Clinical records and laboratory tests were analyzed retrospectively for all children. Results: The mean age of the patients was $26.9{\pm}13.8$ months (range: 9 to 49 months). Nine of the 17 BTH cases (52.9%) occurred in patients that had previously suffered from infectious diseases. While the patients were suffering from BTH, the mean serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was $2,500.2{\pm}1,165.1$ U/L, however, these elevated serum ALP levels normalized within 7 weeks of recovery in all cases. In addition, a seasonal peak in the onset of BTH was observed from September to December. Further, the measurement of ALP isoenzymes in 7 of the patients with BTH, revealed a marked elevation of bone fraction. Conclusion: It is important for pediatricians to understand the clinical manifestation and benign course of BTH to avoid unnecessary diagnostic evaluation in children showing a transient increase in ALP activities.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.169-181
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of outdoor weather conditions on subjective responses during physical activity. Background: The largest difference between indoor and outdoor conditions is the existence of the sun. The heat load from the sun has an influence on the heat gain of the human body and the intense degree of solar radiation affected thermal comfort. Method: Thirty eight people were exposed to a range of climatic conditions in the UK. Weather in England does not have extremely hot and cold temperature, and the current study was conducted under warm (summer and autumn) and cool (spring and summer) climates. Measurements of the climate included air temperature, radiant temperature (including solar load), humidity and wind around the subjects. Subjective responses were taken and physiological measurements included internal body temperature, heart rate and sweat loss. Results: This study was conducted under four kinds of environmental conditions and the environmental measurement was performed in September, December, March, and June. The values for sensation, comfort, preference, and pleasantness about four conditions were from 'neutral' to 'warm', from 'not uncomfortable' to 'slightly comfortable', from 'slightly cooler' to 'slightly warmer', and from 'neither pleasant nor unpleasant' and 'slightly unpleasant', respectively. All subjective responses showed differences depending on air temperature and wind speed, and had correlations with air temperature and wind speed (p<0.05). However, subjective responses showed no differences depending on the radiant temperature. The combined effects of environmental parameters were showed on some subjective responses. The combined effects of air temperature and radiant temperature on thermal sensation and pleasantness were significant. The combined effects of metabolic rate with air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation respectively have influences on some subjective responses. In the case of the relationships among subjective responses, thermal sensation had significant correlations with all subjective responses. The largest relationship was shown between preference and thermal sensation but acceptance showed the lowest relationship with the other subjective responses. Conclusion: The ranges of air temperature, radiant temperature, wind speed and solar radiation were $6.7^{\circ}C$ to $24.7^{\circ}C$, $17.9^{\circ}C$ to $56.6^{\circ}C$, $0.84ms^{-1}$ to $2.4ms^{-1}$, and $123Wm^{-2}$ to $876Wm^{-2}$ respectively. Each of air temperature and wind speed had significant relationships with subjective responses. The combined effects of environmental parameters on subjective responses were shown. Each radiant temperature and solar radiation did not show any relationships with subjective responses but the combinations of each radiant temperature and solar radiation with other environmental parameters had influences on subjective responses. The combinations of metabolic rate with air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation respectively have influences on subjective responses although metabolic rate alone hardly made influences on them. There were also significant relationships among subjective responses, and pleasantness generally showed relatively high relationships with comfort, preference, acceptance and satisfaction. Application: Subjective responses might be utilized to predict thermal stress of human and the application products reflecting human subjective responses might apply to the different fields such as fashion technology, wearable devices, and environmental design considering human's response etc.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.202-211
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• 2001

Luminescence is a physical phenomenon exhibited by many non-conducting, crystalline materials, such as quartz and feldspar. Within the crystals, energy absorbed from ionising radiation frees electrons to move through the crystal lattice and some are trapped at defects in the lattice. Observable luminescence is produced by electrons, released from traps by stimulation by absorption of light, which recombine with lattice defects which act as luminescence centers - optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). In a similar way to thermoluminescence(TL) dating, controlled measurement of the OSL signal can provide a means of determining the time since the last exposure of a layer of sediment to sunlight, the age of the sediment. However, whereas in the thermoluminescence dating of sediment only part of the latent thermoluminescence signal is bleached by sunlight as the sediment is deposited and allowance must be made during the laboratory measurements for the light insensitive component, optically induced luminescence dating has the advantage of working only with light sensitive traps in the crystal. Determination of the time since deposition of Quaternary sediment samples from the OSL of quartz grains using blue light was performed. A series of experiments and recent developments relating OSL dating are described, beginning by identifying the features which make OSL signals suitable for the development of dating method. Additionally, there are suggestions as to future research for obtaining reliable ages and a comment on current best practice on procedures, with the dating results of Quaternary sediment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.415-420
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to know the exposure dose nearby table on the general radiography(skull AP, chest PA, abdomen AP, lumbar lateral, hip joint, knee joint) and to find the reducing it. We measured beside the 45cm and 75cm table center, and 70cm, 80cm, 130cm, 150cm height from the bottom. That were measured highly from the radiography of lumbar lateral, abdomen AP and hip joint as followed $66.21{\mu}Sv$, $34.22{\mu}Sv$, and $32.35{\mu}Sv$ at the 80cm height beside 45cm from the center of table. Measured doses were reduced in order of chest PA, abdomen, hipjoint, skull, knee joint projection. It appears exposure dose of nearby radiographic table was extremely low amount compared with limit of dose(1mSv). If it protected by Pb apron, exposure dose of assisting person will not be exceed a limit of dose. Conclusively, Wearing apron is very important to avoid radiation from the general radiography.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1980

Quantitative assessment of edge blunting of saw-teeth was carried out by TALYSURF. 1. Using the following equation, the real shape of a saw-tooth can be traced on the graph of TALYSURF. ${\frac{{\Delta}h}{h}}={\frac{V{\Delta}_x}{V_x}}$ {${\Delta}h$: vertical distance of stylus h: vertical distance in chart $V{\Delta}_x$: Velocity of stylus $V_x$: velocity of chart} 2. As shown on Fig 2, the error from stylus itself can be calculated by following equation. i) 13.8${\mu}{\leqq}$x<20.4${\mu}$ y=-0.2246x+4.59${\mu}$ ii) 0${\leqq}$x<13.8${\mu}$ y=${\sqrt{(-18{\mu})^2-x^2}}-1.42x+32.7{\mu}}$ 3. The relationship between profile of saw-tooth and error from stylus itself can be calculated by following equation. $E(%)=\frac{f(r){\times}{\frac{4}{18{\mu}}}}{f(R){\times}{\frac{R}{18.5{\mu}}}-f(r){\times}{\frac{r}{18{\mu}}}}{\times}100$ {E(%)${\frac{error\;of\;stylus}{dullness\;of\;saw\;tooth}}{\times}100$ r: radius of stylus tip R: radius of tip which is drawn in graph of talysurf f(r) : error of stylus f(R) : dullness of tip which is drawn in graph of talysurf} 4. The graph of maximum error and profile of saw-tooth was parabola.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.129-142
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• 1998

This research is focused on the inducement of the constitutive equation considering the creep strain component and on the development of a finite element method program. The purpose of this research was to contribute to the design of construction structures or to the construction management in soft clay ground through predicting the long-term strain of construction structures reasonably bused on the above program. Modified Cam Clay model was adopted to describe the elastic-plastic behavior of clayey soil. And in the calculation of the creep sprain, the secondary coefficient of consolidation C. was applied for considering the volumetric creep element and the constants m, $\alpha$, A were rosed by the empirical creep equation proposed by Singh 8E Mitchell for considering the deviatoric creep element. To examine the reliability of the program which is developed in this study, the estimated values by this program were compared with the theoretical solution and the experimental results. And the applicability of the developed program was found to be reliable from the sensitive analysis of each parameters used in this study. According to the results obtained from the application of the program on the field measurement data, the estimated values by the program were found with be consistent with the actual values. And from the analysis of the displacement of embankments, the case of considering the creep behavior induced much fower errors than the case of neglecting it. But the results obtained from considering the volumetric creep behavior only were slightly underestimated the results from considering the deviator creep behavior showed the slightly overestimated values. Therefore, it remains the task of further studios to develop the laboratory test devices to obtain the reliable creep parameters, and to select the appropriate soil parameters, etc.