• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.356-372
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the perception, preference and usage of Korean festival foods of women according to age in Busan. The survey was conducted from October 15, 2012 to November 30, 2012 using questionnaires and the data were analyzed with the SPSS program. In general, younger women (20~30 years old) had a lower interest in Korean festival foods than slightly older women (40~50 years old). Most of women over 40 years of age prepared Korean festival foods at home, but many who were in their 20's (45.9%) and 30's (41.1%) obtained their foods from family and relatives. Overall, 62.5% of the subjects wanted to inherit Korean festival food from family and relatives. The dissemination of information and recipes of Korean festival foods were needed for succeeding to Korean festival foods. The taste score was significantly lower for women in their 20's compared to those over 40. Women under 40 reported a lower ease of cooking compared to women over 50. Tangguk (4.93) on Seollal showed the highest perception degree in the order of Namul (4.91), Tteokguk (4.90), and Sikhye (4.90). Jeon, Yaksik, Sikhye, and Gangjeong were the most highly preferred in every group. The preference degree of Pajeon was significantly higher in women under 40 than in those over 60. Tteokguk and Tangguk were more highly preferred in women in their 30's and 40's compared to the other groups. There was a significant positive correlation between preference for festival food and education level, degree of knowledge, degree of interest, will for inheritance, and will for learning (P<0.01). In conclusion, festival foods rich in local tradition should be developed, publicized and used to educate others. The simplification of cooking methods and the development of processed foods are needed to pass on the traditional food culture of Busan.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2007

Objective: This survey assessed the prevalence and type of sexual dysfunction in middle-aged women regarding sexually related personal distress and examined the prevalence of perceived sexual dysfunction and perceived partners' dysfunction by women. Methods: One-hundred ten healthy community-based middle-aged women participated voluntarily, and validated questionnaires of the Female Sexual Function Index(FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Score(FSDS) were used. Results: The percentage of women having sexual dysfunction and sexual distress were 67% and 32% respectively according to the cut-off of FSFI and FSDS. The average score of FSFI was 23.5(s.d.=5.7), which was lower than the cut-off of FSFI, while the average score of FSDS was 13.2, which was in range of a normal score. When considering the two concepts simultaneously, the women were categorized into 4 groups: sexually stressed dysfunction group (24.8%), sexually depressed group(42.2%), sexually healthy group(25.7%), and sexually hyperactive group (7.3%). The percentage of women reporting sexual problems was 24.3%, while the percentage of women reporting sexual dysfunction in their partner was 29.9%. Conclusions: The results indicate a high rate of sexual dysfunction and sexual distress in middle-aged women. However, considering the relationships between sexual dysfunction and sexual distress, almost two thirds were in the sexually depressed group among the women having sexual dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.40
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• pp.95-107
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• 1998

The purpose of this research paper is to offer basic data for cloth design which is intended to apply appropriate shape and catacity to cloth. Followings are the analyzed result of investigation which was conducted to figure out the character of middle aged from 35 to 59 years old-women body especially in lower half of their body. 177 women took part in this investigation. 1. As a result of analyzed characters for middle aged women body shape, taking a side view of body, there are great variance in thickness coefficient which indicates the size of body. 2. According to a comparison result of early middle aged women body shape with late middle aged women body shape, the value in height items get shorter otherwise the value in thickness items get longer getting older. It means late middle aged women are relatively fat. 3. For the analysis of women body especially in lower half, 8 factors were used. They are as followings. Factor 1. Side thickness of lower half. Factor 2. Width of lower half. Factor 3. Height of lower half Factor 4. Droop of underbelly Factor 5. Salient rate of buttocks. Factor 6. Length of buttocks. Factor 7. Salient rate of underbelly. Factor 8. Droop of buttocks 4. Lower half shapes of middle aged women were divided into three groups and the character of each group are as followings. 〈Group 1〉65.0% of women who took part in this investigation have this type of body shape. They have long value in height items and thickness items. 〈Group 2〉16.4% of women who take part in this investigation were belonged to this group. The value in height items were not so different from group 1 but the thickness value are shorter than group 1. Women of group 2 have slime body shape. 〈Group 3〉18.6% of women were belonged to group 3. They show the shortest value in height items otherwise the longest value in thickness items. Therefore they are the smallest and the fattest group in this investigation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2005

Purpose: This study compared climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women living in urban and rural areas. Method: The study subjects included 287 women aged 40-64 years in P city and G town. The instruments used in this study were a climacteric symptoms scale and knowledge of menopause and a menopausal management scale. Data was analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0. Result: The mean age of middle-aged women living in urban areas was 47.9 years and that of women in rural areas was 48.0 years. The mean score of the climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women living in urban and rural areas was 48.8 and 50.4 respectively, and was not significantly different. The mean score of the knowledge of menopause of middle-aged women living in urban areas was higher than that of women in rural areas (p=.017). In addition, the mean score of the menopausal management of middle-aged women living in rural areas was higher than that of women in urban areas. Conclusion: This study suggests that not only general characteristics but also living areas should be considered in developing nursing interventions to manage the climacteric symptoms of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was to identify gender differences in delay seeking treatment and related experiences in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Ninety-seven participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital. Results: Mean age of 47 women was $71.5{\pm}13.3$ while that of men was $55.0{\pm}10.9$ (p<.001). More women lived alone and were jobless, less educated, and poorer than men. Men were likely to be 'current smokers' and drink alcohol, however viewed themselves healthier than women (p=.030). Women's hospital stay was $9.23{\pm}21.04$ days while men's was $4.86{\pm}2.72$ days (p=.014). More women had been diagnosed with hypertension (p=.040). Women appeared to report significantly less pain ($6.46{\pm}3.1$) than men ($8.44{\pm}1.8$). More men described their pain as sudden onset (p=.015) and chest pain as major symptom (p=.034) than women. More women were found alone upon onset of symptoms (p=.023) and had important reasons for delay seeking treatment (p=.021) than men. Median time from onset of symptoms to seeking medical service was 1.5 hours for men and 5.1 hours for women (p=.003). Median time taken from onset of symptoms to hospital for therapy was 3.5 hours for men and 9.1 hours for women (p=.019). Conclusion: This study findings that women reported less pain and delayed in seeking treatment, suggest needs for strategies targeting women at risk of AMI.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1991

This survey was carried out to Investigate the effect of the daily average nutrient intakes, self-consciousness of nutrition knowledge and health on the nutrition knowledge and food habits between college women and their own mothers, Questionnaires were completed by 214 college women who do major in nutrition and by 173 their mothers. The college women scored significantly higher than that of their mothers In the nutrition knowledge. And their mothers scored significantly higher than that of college women in the food habits. Most of the subjects belonged to 'Fair' food habit group, which was considered to be relatively good. The correlation of the scores between nutrition knowledge and food habits of the college women and their mothers was low. The daily average nutrient Intakes of all women were higher than the recommended dietary allowance except for that of Iron. There was a significant and negative correlation between the nutrition knowledge score and daily average nutrient intakes in college women. But there was not a significant correlation in the nutrient intakes in their mothers. And also there was a significant and positive correlation between food habits score in their mothers but there was not a significant correlation score in college women. The higher the women had a self-consciousness of health, the higher their mothers had a food habit score, but they had daily average nutrient intakes were lower than their daughter's(college women), And the women that had a self-consciousness of health were healthier, daily nutrient intakes in their own mothers were higher in the food habits scores than that of the college women. The main curriculum for a good food habits is that it is important that one has a responsible nutrition education. For the improvement of nutrition education program we should transmit the nutritional information through an effective mass media(i. e. Radio, TV, Newspaper).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide total data of real body-type and self-evaluation about it. The subjects were 614 middle-aged women between 35 and 59 years old. Data were collected through measurement and a questionnaire survey on self-evaluation. The results of self-evaluation of body are as follows; 1. As the result of the recognition degree analysis, people consider themselves thicker, shorter or smaller than what they really we, regardless of ages and types. In addition, the women of younger group rather than the women of older group consider themselves bigger/thicker and shorter than what they really are. They think that the items of waist girth, abdominal girth, hip girth, upper arm girth. and thigh girth are thicker than the other items, however, among girth items the size of bust girth is smaller than the other items. The women of the late middle-aged group consider their somatotype thicker/bigger and shorter than the women of the early middle-aged group do. 2. As the result of body cathexis for each part, women in general rum out themselves not to be satisfied with their body parts, regardless of ages and types. Particularly, they are not satisfied with abdominal girth, weight, hip girth. According to the age bracket, the women in the older group are more satisfied than the women of younger group in terms of their body. According to somatotype, women in tall and slim groups are more satisfied with their body. The women of the early middle-aged group turn out not to be satisfied with girth items while the women of the late middle-aged group are not satisfied with length items.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2015

This study analyzes the effects of women's labour force participation and work-family reconciliation support on life-cycle fertility in Korea. The analysis is based on the longitudinal data from Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), which include the available information on life-cycle fertility and employment history. Employing a dynamic model of fertility, we estimated the life-cycle fertility of all the 15-49 years old women considered in this study by using a duration model. The major results of this study were as follows: First, women's labour force participation had a negative effect on the first birth, second birth, and all births (transition to births starting at different parities). Women's employment tended to lengthen the interval between births. Second, the availability of maternal leave had a positive effect on the first birth and all births for working women. Providing maternal leave to working women decreased the opportunity cost of childbearing and in turn, reduced the interbirth interval of women. However, the availability of parental leave had no significant effect on the births of working women. Third, the financial support for childcare had a positive effect on the first birth and all births. The economic support for childcare led to the reduction in the interbirth interval of women by increasing the probability of births. The use of a childcare center for the first child, which substitutes for the time that women needed to take care of their children, classified as time-intensive consumption goods, did not have any effect on the second birth. Fourth, the part-time employment of women had a positive effect on the second birth. A flexible working time schedule tended to decrease the interval between the first and the second births.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.332-347
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• 1998

This study was performed for the purpose of analyzing the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between urban area and rural area. A total of 129 midlife women who have lived in seoul, Kyeung ki and Kangwon were selected conveniently and data were collected by structured questionnaire from May to June, 1998. The instruments were the menopausal symptoms scale developed by Neugarten, Ci Sung-Ai & Kim Hy-Eun. Data analysis was done by Chi-square test, ANOVA, t-test. The results of this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The mean score for the menopausal symptoms of midlife women was 2.12. Serious menopausal symptoms which could be found in this study were "joint pain and numbness of arm and leg"(2.63), "fatigue and powerlessness"(2.58), "nervousness"(2.44). Over 97.8% of women complained menopausal symptoms. 2. In the relationship between social demographic variables and menopausal symptoms of midlife women were significant difference in urban area and rural area(t=-4.569, P=.000), marriage status(F=4.809, P=.010), education(F=7.359, P=.000), married son and daughter(F=7.359, P=.000), mensturational status(F=5.993, P=.003), and satisfaction to husband(F=9.093, P=.000). 3. In the relationship of menopausal symptoms of midlife women between two groups were statistically significant differences(t=-4.569, P=.000). The mean score of menopausal symptoms of rural women(2.34) were higher than those of urban women(1.85). This study shows the possible implication for nursing intervention of midlife women's health to prevent and relieve menopausal symptoms.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis to recognize the health behaviors of middle-aged women that are constructive to a healthy life style. Data were collected from interview of questionnaires completed by 208 middle-aged women living in Incheon from November 1 to 30, 1999. The questionnaires used in this study were obtained from publications on health-related topics shown in literature review. These topics included : health concept, diseases, use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, drug, exercise and diet, cause of stress and stress management. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Middle-aged women though of concept of health as a doing daily living pattern(48.1%). 2. 49.5% of the middle-aged women had illness or disease, which included gastritis, arthritis, anemia, hypertension, indigestion and allergies. 3. 1.4% of the middle-aged women smoked cigarettes. Most of them began to smoke due to stress. 4. 42.3% of the middle-aged women drink alcohol. Most of them began drinking due to peer pressure. 5. 28.8% of the middle-aged women consumed caffeine-containing products 5-7 times per week. 6. 55.3% of the middle-aged women took drugs. Most of the drugs were digestant and analgesics. 7. 21.2% of the middle-aged women exercised more than 2 times per week. 8. Most of causes of stress were economic difficulties and sickness. The method of stress management were enduring and sleeping.