• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

국가 생물다양성 전략에 따른 보호지역의 확대는 생물다양성 보전에 기여하는 반면에 지역주민들에게 다양한 경제적 피해를 발생시킨다. 이에 보호지역 지정으로 인한 지역주민의 피해를 보상할 수 있는 지속가능한 방안으로서 생태계서비스지불제의 필요성이 제기되었다. 이 연구에서는 보호지역의 확대를 통한 생물다양성 보전으로부터 국민들이 얻는 편익을 추정하여 생태계서비스지불제의 시행가능성을 검토하기 위해 지리산 방문객을 대상으로 CVM을 이용하여 지리산의 생물다양성 보전에 대한 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 방문객들은 생태경관보전지역을 확대하여 지리산의 생물다양성을 증진시키는 데 연간 가구당 16,103원의 지불의사가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 이를 전체 가구로 확대한 지리산 생물다양성의 총 보전가치는 연간 3,168억 원으로 추정되었다. 방문객들은 연령, 교육수준, 가구소득이 높을수록, 지리산이 생태경관보전지역으로 지정되어 있다는 사실을 사전에 인지한 경우, 생물다양성 보전 정책이 중요하다고 생각할수록 생물다양성 보전에 대한 지불의사가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 생태계서비스지불제의 시행가능성을 높이기 위해서는 생물다양성 교육과 정책 홍보를 통해 국민들의 생물다양성에 대한 지식과 인식을 높이는 것이 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2021

Current international negotiation and cooperation for sustainable development are focused on three main themes. The first theme is implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The second theme is development of measures for climate change. The third theme is sustainable management of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In South Korea, responses of government policies and academic studies have been predominantly to one of these three themes. There have not been many integrated efforts to develop countermeasures considering all three international themes. In addition, while "green growth" policies have been setting national agendas for Korea's sustainable development, they must be scrutinized such as why they have not dealt with some parts of these three themes and whether they have ignored one of these themes due to lack of integrated responses. This study finds critical issues in South Korea on how to harmoniously respond to the three themes of international efforts and improve green growth policies. First, to achieve SDGs, the domestic statistical system must be reorganized to track the achievement of "inclusiveness" and "green growth". Second, the climate change response policy should seek inclusion between countries and between social groups. Third, in the field of biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is necessary to establish Korea's identity in global geopolitics and enhance its own traditional ecological knowledge. Fourth, it is necessary to consider how to solve discrepancy between climate change response policies and biodiversity-ecosystem service management policies. Finally, proactive improvement of laws and institutions must occur to promote inclusive green growth.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2008

The loss, alteration, and fragmentation of habitat have led to a reduction of biodiversity. The growing awareness of the negative effects of habitat fragmentation on natural systems has resulted in conservation strategy that is concerned with not only population and habitat level but also ecosystem and landscape level. Especially, ecological network to link core areas or major habitat patches is one of the most important issues. Recently, landscape connectivity is increasingly used in decision making for fragmented landscape management in order to conserve the biodiversity in the regional scale. The objective of this study was to find potential forest as a ecological corridor in Go-yang city, Gyung-gi province using cost-distance modelling method that can measure connectivity based on animal movement. 'Least cost-distance' modelling based on functional connectivity can be useful to establish ecological network and biodiversity conservation plan. This method calculates the distance modified with the cost to move between habitat patches based on detailed geographical information on the landscape as well as behavioural aspects of the animal movement. The least cost-distance models are based on two biologically assumptions: (1) dispersers have complete knowledge of their surroundings, and (2) they do select the least cost route from this information. As a result of this study, we can find wildlife moving route for biodiversity conservation. The result is very useful for long-term aspect of biodiversity conservation plan in regional scale, because this is reflection of geographical information and behavioural aspects of the animal movement.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2022

생태계의 무분별한 남획과 서식지의 파괴 등으로 생물다양성의 고갈 위험에 처해 있다. 가난한 토착지역에서 농업 생산 증대를 위한 집중적인 비료나 관계 시설 개발로 토양을 황폐하게 한다. 이제 생물다양성 보존은 세계 인류 공존의 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. Post-2020 GBF 선언이후 토착농업지대의 농업 개발에 관한 모든 거버넌스는 생물다양성 보존 대책으로 지지되고 촉진되어야 한다. 생태계 개발과 생물다양성 손실을 줄이고자 하는 절충방안은 공공 거버넌스 정책 수립에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서 생태계 보존에서 상충되는 경제 및 생태 문제를 해결하기 위해 생존 제어 피드백 해석에 사용되는 생존도 커널을 도입하고, 생존도 커널에 의한 생태경제학적 관점에서 생물다양성 보존에 관한 수학적 모형을 통해 살펴보았다. 생태계의 모든 종은 상호의존적이기에 균형이 깨지면 생물다양성이 고갈하게 되고 이는 비가역적 변화로 결국 멸종으로 치닫게 된다. 생물자원의 지속가능한 이용과 조화를 위하여 모든 생물종들을 효율적으로 보호할 수 있는 창의적 거버넌스 등 많은 정책적인 배려를 필요로 한다. 보조금 지급이나 세금 우대 정책은 생물다양성 보존에 직접적인 영향을 끼친다. 생물다양성이 감소하는 상태에서 생물종의 회복은 그 경제적인 가치가 크다고 할 수 있다. 생물다양성은 토착지역 생산자들이 그들의 독특한 전통 지식을 자랑스럽게 여기고 지역 관광에도 긍정적인 영향을 줌으로써 지역 정체성을 제고하고, 인류의 생존과 번영에 크게 기여할 수 있게 된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2014

The diversity of the genus Megacollybia in Korea was examined based on morphological observation and analysis of molecular data. Currently, the genus is consisted of nine species with a global distribution. However, only M. platyphylla has been reported in the floral survey of Korea. During our re-evaluation of the taxonomic diversity of Megacollybia in Korea, six Megacollybia specimens collected in 2012 were identified based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and morphology. Here, we report two Megacollybia species, M. clitocyboidea and M. marginata, as newly recorded species from Korea. The microscopic features of the two species are provided in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first phylogenetic analysis of Korean Megacollybia species.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2023

Marine macroalgae are important in coastal ecosystems and interact with marine microorganisms. In this study, we isolated fungi from seven types of marine macroalgae including Cladophora sp., Gloiopeltis furcate, Gracilariopsis chorda, Hydroclathrus clathratus, Prionitis crispata, Sargassum micracanthum, and Ulva lactuca collected in Korea. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses identified the isolates as four Aspergillus spp. (A. fumigatus, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, and A. terreus), three Penicillium spp. (P. crustosum, P. jejuense, and P. rubens), and Cladosporium tenuissimum. Among them, A. fumigatus TOP-U2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. terreus GJ-Gf2 strains showed the activities of all enzymes examined (amylase, chitinase, lipase, and protease). Based on the enzymatic index (EI) values in solid media, A. terreus GJ-Gf2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 exhibited the highest amylase and lipase activities, respectively. Chitinolytic activity was only observed in A. terreus GJ-Gf2, A. tamarii SH-Sw5, and A. fumigatus TOP-U2. Penicillium crustosum UL-Cl2 and C. tenuissimum UL-Pr1 showed the highest protease activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lipolytic and proteolytic activities in a marine-derived C. tenuissimum strain. Overall, the fungal strains isolated from the marine macroalgae in this study actively produced industrially important enzymes.

• 지식정보인프라
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• 통권10호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2002

우리나라는 생물다양성협약(CBD, Convention on Biological Diversity)의 당사국뿐만 아니라 2001년 5월 국제생물다양성정보기구(GBIF, Global Biodiversity Information Facility)에 투표회원국으로 가입하게됨으로써 국가적 차원의 생물다양성정보 전담기구(National Node)의 지정이 표면화되었고 국내 산재한 관련 DB의 통합, 관련 연구에 집중 및 범세계적 차원으로 대응해야하는 의무가 부여되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.389-401
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• 2024

In recent decades, numerous instances of blockages have been reported in coastal nuclear power plants globally, leading to serious safety accidents such as power reduction, manual or automatic power loss, or shutdown of nuclear power units. Loss or shortage of cooling water may compromise the reliability of the cooling water system, thus threatening the operational safety of power plants and resulting in revenue reduction. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current state of cooling water system safety in coastal nuclear power plants worldwide and the common challenges they face, as well as the relevant research on cooling water system safety issues. The research overview and progress in investigation methods, outbreak mechanisms, prevention and control measures, and practical cases of blockages were summarized. Despite existing research, there are still many shortcomings regarding the pertinence, comprehensiveness and prospects of related research, and many problems urgently need to be solved. The most fundamental concern involves understanding the list of potential risks of blockages and their spatially distributed effects in surrounding waters. Furthermore, knowledge of the biological cycles and ecological habits of key organisms is essential for implementing risk prevention and control and for building a scientific and effective monitoring system.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.75-97
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• 2019

The growing importance of biological resources as sovereign rights to healthcare, energy, and food has sparked international discussions on Genetic Resources (GRs) and Traditional Knowledge (TK). As the bio-industry continues to grow, research and development utilizing patented biological resources are advocated. Currently, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is actively discussing GRs and TK, and an effective response to national interest has been sought. Of late, there have been growing disputes over issues like ownership, control, and access and benefit-sharing between indigenous peoples and users of GRs and TK resources. Resolution of disputes concerning GRs and TK are thus becoming critical not only to stakeholders such as the indigenous peoples and corporations, but also to third-party users. Due to the weakness of the current IP and court system however, such disputes are not addressed adequately. This paper will address the use of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), which is an out-of-court dispute resolution system, on conflicting issues regarding GRs and TK. It will consider the WIPO as a forum for ADR and ADR for GRs and TK disputes and it will seek both parties in the dispute to benefit from the use of the ADR process.