Journal of Ecology and Environment

The Ecological Society of Korea (한국생태학회)
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Long-term and multidisciplinary research networks on biodiversity and terrestrial ecosystems: findings and insights from Takayama super-site, central Japan

  • Hiroyuki Muraoka (River Basin Research Center, Gifu University) ;
  • Taku M. Saitoh (River Basin Research Center, Gifu University) ;
  • Shohei Murayama (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))
  • Received : 2023.10.18
  • Accepted : 2023.11.15
  • Published : 2023.12.31
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Abstract

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We appreciate the National Institute of Ecology, Republic of Korea, and Shin-ichi Nakano (Kyoto University and Ecological Society of Japan) who kindly invited HM to the symposium at the 10th Congress of East-Asia Federation of Ecological Societies (EAFES) held in Jeju in July 2023. This article is based on the paper presented at the symposium. The authors are grateful to the 'Takayama community' for their cooperative and open-minded activities since 1993. We also appreciate our colleagues in JaLTER, ILTER, JapanFlux, AsiaFlux, PEN, APBON, and GEO BON. HM thanks Hideaki Shibata (Hokkaido University), Kazuhito Ichii (Chiba University), Hibiki M. Noda (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Tsutom Hiura (The University of Tokyo), Yayoi Takeuchi (National Institute for Environmental Studies), Osamu Ochiai (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Antonio Bombelli (Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change), John D. Tenhunen (University of Bayreuth) and Yowhan Son (Korea University) for discussing the super-site concept and for their generous supports to work with the research communities. We would like to dedicate this article to the late Mr. Kenji Kurumado, who had devoted his enthusiasm and inclusiveness to the scientists and students studying at the Takayama site.

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