• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 1982

As an attempt to reduce the consumption of petroleum resources and to improve the performance of a kerosene engine, a series of experiments was conducted using several kinds of ethanol-kerosene blends under the various compression ratios. The engine used in this study was a single-cylinder, four-cycle kerosene engine having a compression ratio of 4.5. To investigate the feasibility of ethanol-kerosene blends in the original engine, kerosene and blends of 5-percent, 10-percent, and 20-percent-ethanol, by volume, with kerosene were used. And to investigate the feasibility of improving the performance of the kerosene engine, a portion of the cylinder head was cut off to increase the compression ratio up to 5.0 by reducing the combustion chamber volume. Kerosene and blends of 30-percent and 40-percent-ethanol, by volume, with kerosene were used for the modified engine with an increased compression ratio. Variable speed tests at wide-open throttle were also conducted at five speed levels in the range of 1000 to 2200 rpm for each compression ratio and fuel type. Volumetric efficiency, engine torque, and brake specific fuel consumption were determined, and brake thermal efficiency based on the lower heating values of kerosene and ethanol was calculated. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: A. Test with the original engine: (1) No abnormal conditions were found when burning ethanol-kerosene blends in the original engine. (2) Volumetric efficiency increased with ethanol concentration in blends. When burning blends of 5-percent, 10-percent, and 20-percent ethanol, by volume, with kerosene, average volumetric efficiency increased 1.6 percent, 2.6 percent, and 4.1 percent respectively, than when burning kerosene. (3) Mean engine torque increased 5.2 percent for 5-percent-ethanol blend, 9.3 percent for 10-percent-ethanol blend, and 11.5 percent for 20-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. Increase in engine torque when using ethanol-kerosene blends was due to the improved combustion characteristics of ethanol as well as an increase in volumetric efficiency. (4) Up to ethanol concentration of 20 percent, mean brake specific fuel consumption was nearly constant inspite of the difference in heating value between ethanol and kerosene. (5) Brake thermal efficiency increased 0.3 percent for 5-percent-ethanol blend, 3.8 percent for 10-percent-ethanol blend, and 6.8 percent for 20-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. B. Test with the modified engine with an increased compression ratio: (1) When burning kerosene, mean volumetric efficiency, engine torque, and brake thermal efficiency were somewhat lower than for the original engine. (2) Engine torque increased 15.1 percent for 30-percent-ethanol blend and 18.4 percent for 40-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene. (3) There was no significant difference in brake specific fuel consumption regardless of ethanol concentration in blends. (4) Brake thermal efficiency increased 15.0 percent for 30-percent-ethanol blend and 19. 5 percent for 40-percent-ethanol blend than for kerosene.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.93-98
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• 2004

An experimental research on supersonic combustion of kerosene in a model scramjet combustor has been conducted. Kerosene was injected normally into a Mach 2 vitiated airstream either at an atomized liquid state or at a gaseous state. The atomization of kerosene was achieved by the “effervescent atomization” method, and the gaseous kerosene was supplied by passing kerosene inside a heated pipe. The results are discussed and are also compared to those in our previous experiment, in which no atomization nor vaporization methods has been conducted to the kerosene.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 1997

In order to find out the potential of LP gas as a substitute fuel for small fm engine, experiments were carried out with a four-stroke spark-ignition engine which was modified from a kerosene engine mounted on the power tiller. Performance characteristics of kerosene and LP gas engine such as torque, volumetric efficiency fuel consumption rate, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature, and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were measured and analyzed under various levels of engine speed and compression ratio. The results were summarized as follows. 1. It showed that forque of LPG engine was 41% lower than that of kerosene engine with the same compression ratio, but LPG engine with compression ratio of 8.5 it was showed similar torque level to kerosene engine with compression ratio of 4.5. 2. Fuel consumption of LPG engine was reduced by about 5.1% and thermal efficiency was improved by about 2% compared with kerosene engine with the same compression ratio. With the incrasing of compression ratio in LPG engine fuel consumption rate decreased and thermal efficiency increased. 3. Exhaust temperature of LPG engine was about 15% lower than that of kerosene engine. Concenrations of emissions from LPG engine was affected insignificantly by compression ratios, and carbon monoxide emissions from the LPG engine was not affected by engine speed so much. The carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from LPG engine were about 94% and 66% lower than those of kerosene engine, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

Bioremediation is the technology to harness nature's biodegradative capabilities to remove or detoxify pollutions that threaten public health as environmental contaminants. Composting may become one of major bioremediation technologies for treating soils contaminated with petroleum if the fate of contaminants during composting is better understood Most composting research of petroleum was primarily focused on removing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, laboratory feasibility studies may be useful to establish a realistic basis in co-composting complex substrate such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal conditions of kerosene biodegradation following supplementation with nutrient amendments under simulated composting conditions. Although it increased the growth of bacterial consortium, addition of co-substrates 0.5%(w/v) such as acetic acid, citric acid, glucose, and malic acid was not beneficial. Combination of nitrogen and phosphorous source enhanced kerosene biodegradation and reduced VOC evolution. These results showed that kerosene was able to utilize in bioremediation technology.

• 연구논문집
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• s.27
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• pp.109-118
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• 1997

Kerosene Burner has widely used in domestic heating appliance. Higher combustion efficiency is required to save fuel and clean exhaust gas. The combustion characteristics in kerosene burner highly depends on the performance of evaporating liquid kerosene. And performance of evaporating effect on generation of tar. In this study, flow and heat transfer of kerosene burner is simulated by FLUENT/UNS using unstructured mesh system and discrete phase model to analyze performance of evaporating kerosene liquid. The simulated results show very complicated flow pattern and back flow at the exit of burner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-124
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• 2020

In liquid oxygen/kerosene liquid rocket engines, kerosene is not only a propellant but also plays a role as a coolant to protect the combustion chamber wall from 3,000 K or more combustion gas. Since kerosene is exposed to high temperature passing through cooling channels, it may undergo heat-related chemical reactions leading to precipitation of carbon-rich solids. Such kerosene's thermal and fluidic characteristic test data are essential for the regeneratively cooled combustion chamber design. In this paper, we investigated foreign studies related to regenerative cooling channel and kerosene. Starting with general information on hydrocarbon fuels including kerosene, we attempted to systematically organize sedimentary phenomena on cooling channel walls, their causes/research results, coking test equipments/prevention methods, etc.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.156-163
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• 2008

In this study, we isolated 32 strains of kerosene degrading bacteria from oil contaminated soil by enrichment culture. Isolates were screened for kerosene degradation efficiencies and K14 were selected which had the highest removal efficiency for 1,000 mg/L of kerosene. K14 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphological, biochemical test and 16S rDNA analysis. The optimal culture condition were determined as initial inoculated cell concentration, 1.0 g/L; substrate concentration, 1,000 mg/L; temperature $30^{\circ}C$; pH 7. When we enforced batch test in this condition, K14 degraded 72% of kerosene with 1,000 mg/L during 72 hr. And, at low concentration (200 mg/L), K14 degraded 95.8% of kerosene during 48 hr. As a result, kerosene biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K14 could be useful for clean up of groundwater and soil contaminated with crude oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In this study, a hot-firing test of a lab-scale gel rocket motor using liquid kerosene and gelled kerosene as fuel was performed in order to analyze the discrepancy of the static and dynamic pressure between the two fuels. The static pressure, characteristic velocity, and characteristic velocity efficiency of the liquid kerosene and gelled kerosene did not show any significant difference. However, in the case of dynamic pressure characteristics, the pressure oscillation amplitude in a specific high frequency region of the gelled kerosene demonstrated a significantly higher amplitude than liquid kerosene case. This is considered to be the effect of an intrinsic combustion mechanism of the gel propellant, and it can be postulated that this may act as a dominant factor influencing the high frequency combustion instability of the gel rocket motor.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

This paper attempts to estimate the kerosene demand function in Korea over the period 1981-2012. As the kerosene demand function provides us information on the pattern of consumer's kerosene consumption, it can be usefully utilized in predicting the impact of policy variables such as kerosene price and forecasting the demand for kerosene. We apply least absolute deviations and least median squares estimation methods as a robust approach to estimating the parameters of the kerosene demand function. The results show that short-run price and income elasticities of the kerosene demand are estimated to be -0.468 and 0.409, respectively. They are statisitically significant at the 1% level. The short-run price and income elasticities portray that demand for kerosene is price- and income-inelastic. This implies that the kerosene is indispensable goods to human-being's life, thus the kerosene demand would not be promptly adjusted to responding to price and/or income change. However, long-run price and income elasticities reveal that the demand for kerosene is price- and income-elastic in the long-run.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1997

In this paper, we investigated the heating performance and the basic characteristics required for normal combustion of kerosene fan heater. And also the iso-velocity contours and the iso-temperature contours of hot gas discharged from the exit of kerosene fan heater were analyzed. The experiment was carried out with kerosene fan heater attached to the blow-down-type subsonic wind tunnel with a test section of $240mm{\times}240mm{\times}1200mm$. The purpose of this paper was to obtain the basic data for new design from conventional kerosene fan heater. Consequently it was found that (i) the pressure ratio $P_2/P_1$ had a comparatively constant value of 0.844 according to the increase of the revolution of turbo fan, (ii) the primary excess air ratio had a range of $0.84{\sim}1.11$ during normal combustion, and (iii) the heating performance of kerosene fan heater had a range of $1,494{\sim}3,852kcal/hr$.