• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.39-44
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• 1996

To overcome weak poinks of the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model when applied to complex turbulent flows, various modified models were proposed. But their effects are confined to special flow fields. They have still some problems. Recently, an anisotropic k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was also proposed to solve the drawback of the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. This study is concentrated on the evaluation of the anisotropic k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model by the analysis of axisymmetric swirling turbulent flow. Results show that the anisotropic k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model has scarecely the fundamentally physical mechanism of predicting the swirling structure of flow.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 1991

A k-$\varepsilon$ equation model was established to investigate the behaviours of two-dimensional surface buoyant jets. Its computational results were compared with experimental data on the mean flow and the turbulent transport. The model was proved to predict the flow characteristics reasonably. The influence of the values of k and $\varepsilon$ given in the inlet on the evaluation of surface buoyant jets was examined to determine them quantitatively. Computations for several values of buoyancy production coefficient $C\varepsilon$$_3$ in the $\varepsilon$ equation, which has been neglected by many researchers. were carried out to evaluate its effect on the flow development. Computational results of the two-dimensional surface buoyant jets were presented and briefly discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1149-1164
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• 1997

In this study, the applicability of the RNG k-.epsilon. model to the analysis of the complex flows is studied. The governing equations based on a non-orthogonal coordinate formulation with Cartesian velocity components are used and discretized by the finite volume method with non-staggered variable arrangements. The predicted results using the RNG k-.epsilon. model of three complex flows, i.e., the flow over a backward-facing step and a blunt flat plate, the flow around a 2D model car are compared to these from the standard k-.epsilon. model and experimental data. That of the unsteady axisymmetric turbulent flow within a cylinder of reciprocating model engine including port/valve assembly and the spray characteristics within a chamber of direct injection model engine are compared to these from the standard k-.epsilon. model and experimental data. The results of reattachment length, separated eddy size, average surface pressure distribution using the RNG k-.epsilon. model show more reasonable trends comparing with the experimental data than those using the modified k-.epsilon. model. Although the predicted rms velocity using the modified k-.epsilon. model is lower considerably than the experimental data in incylinder flow with poppet valve, predicted axial and radial velocity distributions at the valve exit and in-cylinder region show good agreements with the experimental data. The spray tip penetration predicted using the RNG k-.epsilon. model is more close to the experimental data than that using the modified k-.epsilon. model. The application of the RNG k-.epsilon. model seems to have some potential for the simulations of the unsteady turbulent flow within a port/valve-cylinder assembly and the spray characteristics over the modified k-.epsilon. model.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.375-385
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• 1996

Turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics around staggered tube banks were studied using the 3-D Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation governing a steady incompressible flow, which were reformulated in a non-orthogonal coordinate system with cartesian velocity components and discretized by the finite volume method with a non-staggered variable arrangement. The predicted turbulent kinetic energy using RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ model was lower than that of standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model but showed same result for mean flow field quantities. The prediction of the skin friction coefficient using RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ model showed better trend with experimental data than standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model result. The inclined flow showed higher velocity and skin friction coefficient than transverse flow because of extra strain rate ($\frac{{\partial}w}{{\partial}y}$). Also, this was why the inclined flow showed higher local heat transfer coefficient than the transverse flow.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.168-171
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• 2008

In the present study, turbulent flows around cubic and L-shape buildings were simulated numerically. Standard ${\kappa}$-$\varepsilon$, RNG ${\kappa}$-$\varepsilon$, LES turbulence models were adopted for the present simulation. The wind pressure coefficients from these results were compared with the available experimental data. The result of RNG ${\kappa}$-$\varepsilon$ and LES turbulent models gave better prediction than that of standard ${\kappa}$-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model which is widely used in the turbulent flow simulation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.2051-2063
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• 1995

An improved version of nonlinear low-Reynolds-number k-.epsilon. model is developed. In this model, the limiting near-wall behavior and nonlinear Reynolds stress representations are incorporated. Emphasis is placed on the adoption of Ry(.iden. $k^{1}$2/y/.nu.) instead of $y^{[-10]}$ (.iden. $u_{{\tau}/y/{\nu}}$) in the low-Reynolds-number model for predicting turbulent separated and reattaching flows. The non-equilibrium effect is examined to describe recirculating flows away from the wall. The present model is validated by doing the benchmark problem of turbulent flow behind a backward-facing step. The predictions of the present model are cross-checked with the existing measurements and DNS data. The model performance is shown to be generally satisfactory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.2593-2600
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• 1996

A modified k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model having a generality is proposed in the present study, in which the constant $C_{\varepsilon2}$in the $\varepsilon$-equation is simply changed as a functional form of a new parameter both satisfying the tensor invariant condition and representing the extra straining effect on complex shear flows. With this model turbulent shear flows over two-dimensional obstacles placed in a channel are numerically studied for different blockage ratios and aspect ratios. Comparing with the available experimental data, the predicted results with the present model provide definite improvements over the standard model's results and work fairly well with the experimental data on the size of the recirculation zone, as well as mean velocity, wall static pressure, turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-47
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• 2009

The logarithmic form for turbulent flow analysis guarantees the positivity of the turbulence variables as ${\kappa}$ and ${\varepsilon}$ of the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model by using the natural logarithm of these variables. In the present study, the logarithmic form is incorporated into the finite element solution procedure for the unsteady turbulent flow analysis. A backward facing step flow using the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model and a flow around a 2D square cylinder using the modified ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model (the Kato-Launder model) are simulated. These results show that the logarithmic form effectively keeps adequate balance of turbulence variables and makes the analysis stable during transient or unsteady processes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1615-1624
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• 2000

Algebraic Reynolds Stree (ARS) model is applied in order to analyze the turbulent flow of wall-attaching offset jet and to evaluate the predictability of model. The applied numerical schemes are the upwind scheme and the skew-upwind scheme. The numerical results show a good prediction in the first order calculations(i.e., reattachment length, mean velocity, pressure), however, slight deviations in the second order(i.e., kinetic energy and turbulence intensity). Comparing with the previous results using the k-$\varepsilon$ model, the ARS model predicts better than the standard k-$\varepsilon$ model, however, slightly worse than the k-$\varepsilon$ model including the streamline curvature modification. Additionallay this study can reconfirm that the skew-upwind scheme has approximately 25% improved predictability than the upwind scheme.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Numerical simulation of flow past two-dimensional hill and valley is presented. Application of three turbulence models - the standard and modified (Kato-Launder) $k-{\varepsilon}$ models and standard $k-{\omega}$ model - is discussed. The computational methodology is briefly described. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles, obtained from numerical simulations of flow past the hill, are compared with the experimental data acquired in a boundary-layer wind tunnel at Colorado State University. The mean velocity, turbulence kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress profiles from numerical simulations of flow past the valley are compared with published experimental data. Overall, the results of simulations employing the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model were found to be in a better agreement with the experimental data than those obtained using the modified $k-{\varepsilon}$ model and the $k-{\omega}$ model.