• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.630-638
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• 2015

The total number of passengers on the KTX since its construction in 2004 surpassed 500 million in October, 2015. The operation of KTX made it possible to reach anywhere in a country in half a day, which subsequently altered people's lifestyle. As the KTX has become an important mode of transportation, there is a growing interest in the optimal size and location of its stations. Currently, the stations are constructed through public-private partnerships since a sufficient amount of budget is hard to secure only from the public sector; however, because railway stations are traditionally aimed at promoting public interests, an emphasis on the profitability of the private sector could compromise public interests. At this juncture, this study separately computes the number of users based on each of the two primary functions of the stations-as a railway station and as a sales facility-and estimates the numbers of people according to various transportation modes that are taken to access the stations. This estimation is applied to the case of Dongdaegu Station, which will open in 2016. Such an application helps to predict and respond to possible congestion as brought about by the expansion of the sales facility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.660-670
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to elaborate the logical configuration of livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients under the renewed custom-tailored benefit system of National Basic Livelihood Security System(NBLSS) and to present appropriate level of benefits in terms of coherency of the system. In July 2015, the NBLSS was reformed to adopt a relative level of benefit standard for the general recipients according to certain amount of ratio of standard median income. However, the benefit for the institutionalized recipients was still based on the cost of necessities of absolute poverty level. It is at this juncture that this study suggests livelihood benefits for the institutionalized recipients reflect standard median income to comply with the reform of the NBLSS. To this end, this study firstly derives basic living items for the institutionalized recipients based on the literature review and FGI. Secondly, it calculates the reflection ratio of livelihood benefits utilizing Household Trend Survey's consumption data under 40%. Finally, it applies equivalence scale of households to adjust the under-represented scale for large size institutions. To continue the reflection ratio method, it is necessary to review the consumption trends and the stability of the reflection ratio periodically.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1969

A genetrc study was made on plant height of indica rices with a few segregating F2 populations involving three semi-dwarf varieties such as T(N)I, CP231-SLO17, and B569A12. These populations were grown in breeding nursery at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) during several seasons. 20 to 25 day old seedlings grown at upland seedbed were transplanted to the paddy in a single plant hill spacing 30 cm ${\times}$ 25cm. Measurements of plant height were made from the juncture between culm and roots to the tip of the longest panicle of a plant pulled out from the paddy when they are matured. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Tall indica varieties originated from the south-east Asian countries could be classified into two groups depending upon their allelism whether they showed monogenic segregating ratio of 3:1 or not when they were crossed to T(N)1. 2. Most of U.S. varieties, especially semi-dwarf breedirg materials such as CP231 ${\times}$ SIO17 and B569A12, did not show monogenic segregating mode of 3:1 ratio when they were crossed to T(N)1 or to other varieties bearing the same genetic allele of T(N)1 such as Peta and Sigadis.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.197-216
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• 2024

With the activation of non-face-to-face services, the use of delivery service platforms has been increasing. At this juncture, this study empirically analyzed the impact of customer experience on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the context of delivery service platforms. Specifically, the study segmented customer experience into four sub-factors: product experience, moments of truth, outcome focus, and peace of mind, and analyzed their individual impacts on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The independent variables, representing customer experience, were divided into the aforementioned four sub-factors. The mediating variable was customer satisfaction, and the dependent variables were repurchase intention and recommendation intention. A survey was conducted with customers who have used delivery service platforms, and 300 valid responses were utilized for the analysis. The empirical results are as follows: all four sub factors - product experience, moments of truth, outcome focus, and peace of mind - significantly and positively influenced satisfaction with the delivery service platform. Among these, peace of mind had the most substantial impact. Additionally, customer satisfaction was found to mediate the relationships between product experience, moments of truth, outcome focus, peace of mind, and both repurchase intention and recommendation intention. This study is academically significant as it segments and examines customer experience into four distinct factors. Practically, it highlights the importance of providing peace of mind to reassure customers as the most crucial factor in enhancing their satisfaction and loyalty.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.50
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• pp.139-176
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• 2024

This article examines the theory of mutual resonance (感應論) of Dasan (茶山), Jeong Yak-yong (丁若鏞), and Jeungsan (甑山), Kang Il-sun (姜一淳), who lived during the transition to modernity in Joseon. By examining the philosophical thought of Dasan and Jeungsan, which centered on the problem of realizing morality through the resonance (感應) between human beings and Sangje, this article aims to reveal that their religious discussion of resonance, which is differentiated from the rational theory, ultimately strengthens the practice of morality. Dasan and Jeungsan argue that it is difficult to overcome human selfish desires through the mind alone, which aims for moral autonomy, so the recognition of a transcendent being, Sangje, becomes necessary. Since Sangje, the Supreme Being, is always watching over human life, one can examine one's deficiencies with reverence and correct them. In particular, Dasan and Jeungsan reveal that humans and Sangje do not exist independently, but are in touch with each other through the heart, so that moral practice can be actualized in reality. Dasan and Jeungsan do not position humans and the Supreme Being as independent entities, but rather allow them to organically resonate with each other through the mind, enabling individuals to engage in moments of contemplation and reflection at every juncture of choice, unbound by time and space. From this perspective, the resonance theory of Dasan and Jeungsan can be seen to have practical implications for integrating moral practice into everyday life. The thought systems of Dasan and Jeungsan should be understood as embodying the anguish and sincerity of two figures who sought to convey to future generations the path of moral practice that humans must walk, based on a reverent mindset towards the Supreme Being, amidst tumultuous domestic and international circumstances.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to establish comparison of ventilation efficiency in an enclosed and conventional growing-finishing pig house. The experimental pigs were in winter and summer. The main results of the experiment are as follows : Then the air from planar slot inlet the pig house flow out through the sidewall outlet operated by exhaust fan(Gl). The second structure has an air input through the circular duct inlet are plated side the juncture of the entering wall and the air into the pig house flow out through the chimney and pit outlet are operated by exhaust fan(G2). Through the air into relay fan the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall(G3). Similarly, air comes in through the circular duct inlet are placed the air into the pig house flow out through the curtains in sidewall (G4). Air flow rate on the floor level which is the low part of pen and the living area of pigs in the G2 and G4 system during winter was measured at 0.2 to 0.3 m/s at the 0.5 to 0.6 m/s at the maximum ventilation efficiency. As for the results of detrimental gas(ammonia) concentration ratio analysis, while G2 and G4 system sustained of summer 13.3 $\~$ 16.6 ppm, winter 14.0 $\~$ 14.6 ppm level, Gl and G3 system sustained of summer 14.6 $\~$ 20.3 ppm, winter 20.3 $\~$ 25.0 ppm, and the latter one is lower than that of the G1 and G3 system.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.301-321
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• 2024

This study aims to elucidate the historical origins of the long-term demand for the integration of "science subject classes" and "science-related events" within the context of science education for teachers. During the 1970s, science education in elementary schools faced a dual challenge marked by the tension between implementing the third curriculum, which emphasized fundamental science, and the "Pan-National Scientification Movement," which focused on technology education. The Ministry of Education was compelled to integrate the sudden demands of the Yushin regime into the ongoing third curriculum. As these demands emerged from dual policy directives, activities related to elementary science education were subsequently categorized into formal science subject classes and extracurricular science-related events. Although the movement did not directly alter the curriculum, it instigated modifications in personnel structure, activity spaces, and evaluation systems within schools. The introduction of the Pan-National Scientification Movement in elementary schools resulted in changes including the establishment of a new "science lead teacher system," the creation of a dedicated "science corner," and the implementation of a "science badge system." Although the movement was abruptly introduced, it ostensibly contributed to the advancement of the inquiry-oriented approach promoted by the third curriculum. Paradoxically, this advancement was facilitated by the integration of the consequences of the movement into schools' autonomous, extracurricular activities spearheaded by frontline education offices and schools. Although the movement represented a government-driven policy at a particular juncture in time, the manner in which science education practitioners responded to urgent governmental mandates, while preserving the integrity of the long-established third curriculum framework, involved dividing education activities into subject-specific classes and extracurricular science activities. Examining how science education practitioners in the 1970s proactively addressed these challenges offers valuable insights for the science education community in adapting to the current rapidly evolving educational landscape.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

Analysis of future business or investment opportunities, such as business feasibility analysis and company or technology valuation, necessitate objective estimation on the relevant market and expected sales. While there are various ways to classify the estimation methods of these new sales or market size, they can be broadly divided into top-down and bottom-up approaches by benchmark references. Both methods, however, require a lot of resources and time. Therefore, we propose a data-based intelligent demand forecasting system to support evaluation of new business. This study focuses on analogical forecasting, one of the traditional quantitative forecasting methods, to develop sales forecasting intelligence systems for new businesses. Instead of simply estimating sales for a few years, we hereby propose a method of estimating the sales of new businesses by using the initial sales and the sales growth rate of similar companies. To demonstrate the appropriateness of this method, it is examined whether the sales performance of recently established companies in the same industry category in Korea can be utilized as a reference variable for the analogical forecasting. In this study, we examined whether the phenomenon of "mean reversion" was observed in the sales of start-up companies in order to identify errors in estimating sales of new businesses based on industry sales growth rate and whether the differences in business environment resulting from the different timing of business launch affects growth rate. We also conducted analyses of variance (ANOVA) and latent growth model (LGM) to identify differences in sales growth rates by industry category. Based on the results, we proposed industry-specific range and linear forecasting models. This study analyzed the sales of only 150,000 start-up companies in Korea in the last 10 years, and identified that the average growth rate of start-ups in Korea is higher than the industry average in the first few years, but it shortly shows the phenomenon of mean-reversion. In addition, although the start-up founding juncture affects the sales growth rate, it is not high significantly and the sales growth rate can be different according to the industry classification. Utilizing both this phenomenon and the performance of start-up companies in relevant industries, we have proposed two models of new business sales based on the sales growth rate. The method proposed in this study makes it possible to objectively and quickly estimate the sales of new business by industry, and it is expected to provide reference information to judge whether sales estimated by other methods (top-down/bottom-up approach) pass the bounds from ordinary cases in relevant industry. In particular, the results of this study can be practically used as useful reference information for business feasibility analysis or technical valuation for entering new business. When using the existing top-down method, it can be used to set the range of market size or market share. As well, when using the bottom-up method, the estimation period may be set in accordance of the mean reverting period information for the growth rate. The two models proposed in this study will enable rapid and objective sales estimation of new businesses, and are expected to improve the efficiency of business feasibility analysis and technology valuation process by developing intelligent information system. In academic perspectives, it is a very important discovery that the phenomenon of 'mean reversion' is found among start-up companies out of general small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as stable companies such as listed companies. In particular, there exists the significance of this study in that over the large-scale data the mean reverting phenomenon of the start-up firms' sales growth rate is different from that of the listed companies, and that there is a difference in each industry. If a linear model, which is useful for estimating the sales of a specific company, is highly likely to be utilized in practical aspects, it can be explained that the range model, which can be used for the estimation method of the sales of the unspecified firms, is highly likely to be used in political aspects. It implies that when analyzing the business activities and performance of a specific industry group or enterprise group there is political usability in that the range model enables to provide references and compare them by data based start-up sales forecasting system.

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.109-135
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• 2017

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze characteristics of everyday movement showed in performances of Steve Paxton. A work of art has been realized as a special object enjoyed by high class people as high culture for a long time. Therefore, a gap between everyday life and art has been greatly existed, and the emergence of everyday elements in a work of art means that public awareness involving social change is changed. The postmodernism as the period when a boundary between art and everyday life is uncertain was a postwar society after the Second World War and a social situation that rapidly changes into a capitalistic society. Changes in this time made scholars gain access academically concepts related to everyday life, and affected artists as the spirit of the times of pluralistic postmodernism refusing totality. At the same period of the time, modern dance also faced a turning point as post-modern dance. After the Second World War, modern dance started to be evaluated as it reaches the limit, and at this juncture, headed by dancers including the Judson Dance Theatre. Acting as a dancer in a dance company of Merce Cunningham, Steve Paxton, one of founders of the Judson Dance Theatre, had a critical mind of the conditions of dance company with the social structure and the process that movement is made. This thinking is showed in early performances as an at tempt to realize everyday motion it self in performances. His early activity represented by a walking motion attracted attention as a simple motion that excludes all artful elements of existing dance performances and is possible to conduct by a person who is not a dancer. Although starting the use of everyday movement is regarded as an open characteristic of post-modern dance, advanced researches on this were rare, so this study started. In addition, studies related to Steve Paxton are skewed towards Contact Improvisation that he rose as an active practician. As the use of ordinary movement before he focused on Contact Improvisation, this study examines other attempts including Contact Improvisation as attempts after the beginning of his performances. Therefore, the study analyzes Satisfyin' Lover, Contact at 10th & 2nd and Bound that are performances of Steve Paxton, and based on this, draws everyday characteristics. In addition, related books, academic essays, dance articles and reviews are consulted to consider a concept related to everyday life and understand dance historical movement of post-modern dance. Paxton attracted attention because of his activity starting at critical approach of movement of existing modern dance. As walking of performers who are not dancers, a walking motion showed in Satisfyin' Lover gave esthetic meaning to everyday movement. After that, he was affected by Eastern ideas, so developed Contact Improvisation making a motion through energy of the natural laws. In addition, he had everyday things on his performances, and used a method to deliver various images by using mundane movement and impromptu gestures originating from relaxed body. Everyday movement of his performances represents change in awareness of performances of the art of dancing that are traditionally maintained including change of dance genre of an area. His activity with unprecedented attempt and experimentation should be highly evaluated as efforts to overcome the limit of modern dance.