• 무역상무연구
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• 제44권
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• pp.3-29
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• 2009

The PECL have been drawn up by an independent body of experts from each member state of the european union under a project supported by the european commission and many other organizations. Salient features of the general provisions of the PECL, freedom of contract and pecta sunk servanda, good faith and fair dealing, most of the PECL are non-mandatory. The CISG uses the term fundamental breach in various setting. The concept of fundamental breach is a milestone in its remedial provisions. Its most important role is that it constitutes the usual precondition for the contract to be avoided(Art. 49., Art. 51., Art. 64., Art. 72., Art. 73). In addition, where the goods do not conform with the contract, a fundamental breach can give rise to a requirement to deliver substitute goods. Furthermore, a fundamental breach of contract by the seller leaves the buyer with all of his remedies intact, despite the risk having passed to him(Art. 70). Basically, PECL, PICC generally follows CISG, it was similar to all the regulation's platform though the terms and content sometimes differ. For example regarding to the non-performance and remedies, in the case of non-performance, that is the PECL/PICC term analogous to breach of contract as used in the CISG. Furthermore the PECL/PICC used fundamental non-performance refered to in PECL Art. 8:103 ; PICC Art. 7.1.1. correspond generally to the concept of fundamental breach referred to in CISG Art. 25. The main significance of the fundamental non-performance, in any systems, is to empower the aggrieved party to terminate the contract. The need for uniformity and harmony in international commercial contracts can be expected to lead to growth of international commerce subject to the CISG, PICC, and PECL. It is hoped that the present editorial remarks will provide guidance to improve understanding between the contractual party of different countries in this respect and following key-words.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.64-80
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• 2015

In this article, we verify to influence in the management performance by the safety management system that is recommended by the ICAO for the safety management on the airside area in the airport. Also, We present a comprehensive mediator effect that the employees perceive safety culture and safety behavior. We design how participants were selected as study the employees from 4 airports on the airside areas of the Incheon International Airport, Gimpo International Airport, Jeju International Airport and Gimhae International Airport in the Korea using the simple random sampling method. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire, and it was developed. Data analysis was to conduct structural equation modeling. Test of the hypotheses were verified to Maximum Likelihood Estimator. As a result of the analysis, safety behavior and risk management of the safety management system found out that affect management performance. Also, the employees of a high awareness about safety policy could be seen that is a high impact on management performance through a safety culture and a safety behavior. Safety behavior has significant mediator effect within the relationship between the safety management system and management performance. So, We provide guidance of the safety policies for the safety management on the airside area in the airport.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2019

Purpose - Based on the Korea-China FTA as the starting point, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the main influencing factors of the FTA utilization and performance of SMEs. Design/methodology - Taking into account the relationship between the internal and external environmental factors on FTA activities and performance of Korea's SMEs, with PLS-SEM and data obtained by the questionnaire, Smart PLS was applied for the analysis. Findings - The recognition of FTA in SMEs has a significant positive effect on FTA utilization and performance, the international marketing orientation factor only has a significant positive effect on the performance, while the inadequate improvement of non-tariff barriers has a significant negative impact on FTA utilization. In addition, FTA activity has a significant mediation effect on two paths. Originality/value - This paper is of great practical relevance as a tool to enable SMEs to make effective utilization of Korea-China FTA and improve their imports and exports. The paper helps grasp the main factors affecting the utilization and performance of FTA for SMEs, also to establish FTA Business Model and FTA utilization plans for specific industries in the future regarding tariff and non-tariffs compatibility.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2022

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of competition on the performance of Indian banks. The survey includes banks from both the public and private sectors. The study will collect data for four years, from 2015 to 2019. Dynamic and static panel data are applied to estimate the association between competition and the bank's performance. Profitability and risk-taking are the performance measures used in the study. The study's main findings are that competition does not impact the banks' profitability in India. However, the findings concerning risk-taking are mixed. Therefore, it can be inferred that overall competition does not impact the banks' performance in India. Other measures of performance of the banks could have been used in the study. It is a limitation to use data of four years. Data for a much more extended period could have also been used. This is one of the few papers on the subject. Therefore, its contribution is very significant. The gap in studies on the topic of competition versus performance of the banks is veritably filled by the current study's findings.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.481-500
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• 2009

본 연구는 해외로 진출한 우리나라 고기술/지식집약산업 중소벤처기업의 시장지향성과 해외진출성과간 관계에 있어 기업가정신의 영향력을 탐색해보고자 하는 것이다. 기존연구들에서는 기업가정신이 시장지향성의 선행요인임과 동시에 해외진출성과에 영향을 미치는 중요 요인으로 제시되고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 기업가정신이 시장지향성의 선행요인으로서의 역할이 아니라 시장지향성과 해외진출성과간의 관계에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 조절변수로서의 역할을 수행할 것이라 가정하고 연구를 진행하였다. 또한 보다 세부적으로는 기업가정신을 구성하는 3가지 하위요소 각각도 중요한 조절변수로서의 역할을 수행할 것이라는 가설을 설정하여 계층적 회귀분석 모형을 통한 실증분석을 시도하였다. 한국 해외진출 중소벤처기업 217개의 표본을 이용한 실증분석결과, 기업가정신요인은 시장지향성과 해외진출성과간 관계에 유의한 조절효과를 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 기업가정신의 하위요인 중 혁신성과 진취성에 유의한 조절효과를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2023

본 연구는 우리나라 해외진출 중소기업을 대상으로 국제화 속도와 국제화 범위가 성과에 미치는 영향을 규명한다. 실증분석을 통해 해외시장에 최초 진출하는 시간관점의 국제화 속도와 해외시장 진출 이후 지리적 관점의 국제화 범위는 모두 국제화 성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 해외시장에 빠르게 진출할수록, 해외진출 국가의 범위가 넓어질수록 성과에 긍정적인 영향이 있음을 의미한다. 또한 국제화 범위가 국제화 속도보다 국제화 성과에 유의하게 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 해외시장 최초 진출 속도도 중요하지만 진출이후 해외진출 국가의 지리적 범위의 단계적인 확대가 성과에 의미가 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 경영자의 해외시장에서 비즈니스 경험의 특성은 국제화 범위와 국제화 성과의 관계를 강화시키는 조절효과가 확인되었다. 결론적으로 자원과 역량이 상대적으로 부족한 중소기업의 국제화 과정에서 경영자의 글로벌지향성과 함께 해외시장으로의 빠른 진출 속도와 함께 진출이후의 범위의 균형적인 관리가 필요함을 의미한다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.381-412
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 거래적/변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석함에 있어서 국가문화의 조절효과를 밝혀내는 것이다. 이를 분석하기 위해, 국제경영을 수행하고 있는 해외진출기업과 국내진출 외국기업을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거래적/변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향은 변혁적 리더십이 거래적 리더십보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 거래적/변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 국가문화의 조절효과는 남성주의문화성향을 제외한 집단주의, 권력간격, 불활실회피 문화의 조절효과는 변혁적 리더십에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 국가문화 단독요인의 경우 유의한 결과를 보여주지 못한 반면 리더십과 문화요인과의 상호작용의 경우 유의한 결과를 나타내고 있다는 점은 해외진출기업이 진출국가의 문화 환경을 고려한 리더십을 선택함으로 보다 나은 조직성과를 달성할 수 있게 할 수 있다는 점에서 매우 의미 있는 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the effects of the characteristics of startups and the role of accelerators on internationalization performance. To achieve this purpose, we collected data from the management of 180 startups promoting overseas expansion. As a result of empirical analysis, it was confirmed that among the characteristics of startups, innovativeness, learning orientation, and global orientation had a significant effect on internationalization performance. In addition, it was confirmed that the role of the accelerator has a positive effect on the internationalization performance.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제71권
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• pp.1-36
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• 2016

Unlike continental European legal systems (civil law systems), specific performance in common law refers to an equitable remedy requiring exactly the performance that was specified in a contract. It usually granted only when money damages would be an inadequate remedy and the subject matter of the contract is unique. Thus, under common law specific performance was not a remedy, with the rights of a litigant being limited to the collection of damages. Consistent with the practice in civil law jurisdictions, United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) makes specific performance the normal remedy for breach of a contract for the sale of goods. Therefore, the buyer may require a breaching seller to deliver substitute goods or to make any reasonable repair. Likewise, the sellermay require the buyer to taker delivery of goods and pay for them. Despite this, Article 28 of the CISG restricts the availability of specific performance where it would be unavailable under the domestic law of the jurisdiction in which the court is located. Thus, the CISG's more liberal policy toward specific performance is restricted by common law. There are some legal issues in CISG's specific performance availability by Article 28. This paper analyzes these issues as interpreting Article 28 of CISG, by examining various theories of application to actions for specific performance and comparing CLOUT cases involving CISG Article 28.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

In the era of industry 4.0 with the robust digital transformation, especially under the trigger of the Covid-19 pandemic, the process of transforming businesses to achieve the desired business performance depends much on the mindset transformation of each member of the organization, beginning with the thoughts of leadership and stakeholders. This study will evaluate the relationship between leadership's strategic reasoning perspectives on employee engagement or commitment and the company's reputation, thereby directly or indirectly affecting organizational performance. The study examines data from 382 companies out of 500 samples in typical industries in Vietnam using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) techniques. The results show that holistic thinking is closely related to employee retention and corporate reputation, thereby increasing the business outcomes of the organization, whereas there was no evidence to support analytical thinking in this study. As a consequence, transforming the business to achieve the desired business performance is heavily reliant on changing the mindset of each member of the organization, beginning with the top leaders and influencers of the business. This will assist Vietnamese leaders in gaining a comprehensive understanding of corporate governance and controlling the relationships between organizational constructs.