• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-384
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• 2014

In order to unravel the problems of the mind, today's cognitive science has expanded its perspective from the narrow framework of the past computer model or neuronal network model to the wider frameworks of interaction with the brain in interaction with the body in interaction with their environments. The theories of 'the extended mind', 'embodied mind', or 'enactive mind' appeared through such processes are working on a way to move into the environments while the problem to unravel the complex process of interactions between the mind, the body and the environments are left alone. This problem can be traced back as far as to Gibson and Maturana & Varela who tried at first to unravel the problem of the mind in terms of interaction between the brain, the body and there environments in 1960~70s. It's because Gibson stressed the importance of the 'affordance' provided by the environment while Maturana & Varela emphasized the 'autonomy' of auto-poiesis of life. However, it will be proper to say that there are invariants in the affordances provided by the environment as well as the autonomy of life in the state of structural coupling of the environment's variants and life's openness toward the environment. In this case, the confrontational points between Gibson and Maturana & Varela will be resolved. In this article, I propose Benjamin's theory of mimesis as a mediator of both theories. Because Benjamin's concept of mimesis has the process of making a constellation of the embodiment of the affordance and the enaction of new affordance into the environment at the same time, Gibson's concept of the affordance and Maturana & Varela's concept of embodiment and enaction will be so smoothly interconnected to circulate through the medium of Benjamin's concept of mimesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

The Green Infrastructure Framework refers to an interconnected network formed by greenways that links gardens, parks, green spaces, streams, wetlands, agricultural lands, and green belts. Green infrastructure supports diverse functions to environment, provides various benefits to people, and helps in the community's health and viability. It can store stormwater runoff and abate its non-point source pollutants. Due to its advantages and profits, advanced countries in environment policies have adopted green infrastructure in planning and implementing urban and regional development. The Korean government and municipalities have focused upon grey infrastructure investment in the past, which causes occurrence of natural disasters such as draught, flood, and landslides, degradation of water and air quality, decline of biodiversity, and even inhibition of economic activities. In order to alleviate these problems, it is requested to formulate and implement policies for green infrastructure at the national government level. USA and Korean situation of green infrastructure were investigated; forty components of green infrastructure were drawn. Nine policies utilized in the USA cases were identified, which are applicable to Korea. Among them, five policies can be implemented in public sector and four in private one. The green infrastructure law needed in Korea was suggested. The amendments of laws regarding green infrastructure and alternatives expending it were proposed.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.2627-2640
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• 1998

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the virtual cell system[1] for the transmission of IP datagrams in mobile computer communications. A virtual cell consistsof a group of physical cells shose base stationsl are implemented b recote bridges and interconnected via high speed datagram packet switched networks. Host mobility is supported at the data link layer using the distributed hierachical location information of mobile hosts. Given mobility and communication ptems among physical cells, the problem of deploying virtual cells is equivalent to the optimization cost for the entire system where interclster communication is more expesive than intracluster communication[2]. Once an iptimal partitionof disjoint clusters is obtained, we deploy the virtual cell system according to the topology of the optimal partition such that each virtual cell correspods to a cluser. To analyze the performance of the virtual cell system, we adopt a BCMP open multipel class queueing network model. In addition to mobility and communication patterns, among physical cells, the topology of the virtual cell system is used to determine service transition probabilities of the queueing network model. With various system parameters, we conduct interesting sensitivity analyses to determine network design tradeoffs. The first application of the proposed model is to determine an adequate network bandwidth for base station networking such that the networks would not become an bottleneck. We also evaluate the network vlilization and system response time due to various types of messages. For instance, when the mobile hosts begin moving fast, the migration rate will be increased. This results of the performance analysis provide a good evidence in demonsratc the sysem effciency under different assumptions of mobility and communication patterns.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.8.1-8.1
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• 2011

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) materials have been widely used as an electron collector in DSSC. This is required to have an extremely high porosity and surface area such that the dye can be sufficiently adsorbed and be electronically interconnected, resulting in the generation of a high photocurrent within cells. In particular, their geometrical structures and crystalline phase have been extensively investigated as important issues in improving its photovoltaic efficiency. In this study, we present a new strategy to fabricate a photoelectrode having a periodic structured $TiO_2$ film templated from 1D or 3D polystyrene (PS) microspheres array. Monodisperse PS spheres of various radiuses were used for colloidal array on FTO glasses and two types of photoelectrode structures with different $TiO_2$ materials were investigated respectively. One is the igloo-shaped electrode prepared by $TiO_2$ deposition by RF-sputtering onto 2D microsphere-templated substrates. At the interface between the film and substrate, there are voids formed by the decomposition of PS microspheres during the calcination step. These holes might be expected to play the predominant roles as scattering spherical voids to promote a light harvesting effect, a spacious structure for electrolytes with higher viscosity and effective paths for electron transfer. Additionally the nanocrystalline $TiO_2$ phase prepared by the RF-sputtering method was previously reported to improve the electron drift mobility within $TiO_2$ electrodes. This yields solar cells with a cell efficiency of 2.45% or more at AM 1.5 illumination, which is a very remarkable result, considering its $TiO_2$ electrode thickness (<2 ${\mu}m$). This study can be expanded to obtain higher cell efficiency by higher dye loading through the increase of surface area or multi-layered stacking. The other is the inverse opal photonic crystal electrode prepared by titania particles infusion within 3D colloidal arrays. To obtain the enlargement of ordered area and high quality of crystallinity, the synthesis of titania particles coated with a organic thin layer were applied instead of sol-gel process using the $TiO_2$ precursors. They were dispersed so well in most solvents without aggregates and infused successfully within colloidal array structures. This ordered mesoporous structure provides the large surface area leading to the enough adsorption of dye molecules and have an light harvesting effect due to the photonic band gap properties (back-and-forth reflection effects within structures). A major advantage of this colloidal array template method is that the pore size and its distribution within $TiO_2$ photoelectrodes are determined by those of latex beads, which can be controlled easily. These materials may have promising potentials for future applications of membrane, sensor and so on as well as solar cells.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.505-511
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• 2007

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) has been widely used as biocompatible scaffold materials to regenerate tissue. In this present study, we fabricated microporous PLGA and HA loaded PLGA scaffolds by a emusion freeze-drying method. In order to confirm that the release profile of cytokine or water-soluble drugs, we manufactured the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) loaded PLGA and HA-PLGA scaffold. All scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM), mercury porosimeter and wettability measurement. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) test. The porosity of HA-PLGA scaffold was greater than 95% with the total pore area of $261\;m^2/g$. The HA-FLGA scaffold exhibited well interconnected pores to allow greater cell adhesion and prolixferation. It was proven by higher cell viability in the HA-PLGA scaffold than PLGA alone. This may be due to the enhanced natural properties and higher water retention capacity of HA.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2017

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome and depression are interconnected disorders. Although many studies have assessed the association between dietary intake and each disorder independently, few studies have examined the association between depression and dietary intake in patients with metabolic syndrome. Our study examined the association between depression and dietary intake in adults with metabolic syndrome. Methods: We analyzed the second data set (2014) from the sixth KNHNES. Of the patients with metabolic syndrome, the final study population comprised 1,334 patients, aged 20 to 60 years, with metabolic syndrome as defined by KNHNES and depression diagnosed by a physician. We examined the patients' dietary intake obtained using the 24-h recollection method in KNHNES. Results: Depression group had a lower niacin dietary intake than those without depression in both male and female (male P=0.047, female P=0.025). None of the other components had any association between depression group and those without depression group in both male and female. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a low dietary intake of niacin may be related to the depression in patients with metabolic syndrome. The results indicate that it is worthwhile to evaluate the nutritional status in patients who have been diagnosed with both metabolic syndrome and depression.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.235-242
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• 2017

In order to prepare porous scaffolds capable of pore control, PMMA powder serving as a pore-forming agent was added to HA powder to synthesize a slurry containing TBA as a solvent. And then, porous HA scaffolds where pillarshaped pore channels interconnected with each other were fabricated by freeze-casting and sintering. The crystal structure of the HA scaffolds according to the addition amount of PMMA powder was measured by XRD and the surface and inner cross section of the scaffolds were analyzed through SEM. It was found that removal of PMMA during sintering affects the internal structure of the scaffolds and the crystallinity of the HA powder. Furthermore, through evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, it was confirmed that the porosity, pore size and compressive strength can be controlled by controlling the addition amount of the pore-forming agent. It was also found that the HA scaffolds produced in this study were similar in structure and properties to the natural cancellous bone. This suggests that porous HA scaffolds with PMMA can be used as an alternative to autogenous bone for tissue engineering as an artificial bone scaffold.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.26-37
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• 2016

The core technologies of the current transport network are OAM and protection switching to meet the sub-50ms protection switching time via a path redundancy when a link or node failure occurs. The transport networks owned by public network operators, central/local governments, and major enterprises are individually configured and managed with service resiliency in each own protected sub-network. When such networks are cascaded, it is also important to provide a node resiliency between two protected sub-networks. However, the linear protection switching in packet transport networks, such as MPLS-TP and Carrier Ethernet, does not define a solution of dual node interconnection. Although Ethernet ring protection switching covers the dual node interconnection scheme, a large amount of duplicated data frames may be flooded when a failure occurs on an adjacent (sub) ring. In this paper, we suggest a dual node interconnection scheme with linear protection switching technology in multiple protected sub-networks. And we investigate how various protected sub-network combinations with a proposed linear or ring protection process impact the service resiliency of multiple protected sub-networks through extensive experiments on link and interconnected node failures.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

Investigations were conducted to prevent entrance of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with very fine mesh nets. B. tabaci vectors tomato yellow leaf curl virus in tomatoes. B. tabaci could be completely prevented to penetrate into an 83 mesh net, though few of them passed the 60 mesh net. An independent 60 mesh net cage was built within one of the three interconnected common plastic greenhouse ($21.0{\times}18.3m$) in order to find its usefulness as a crop protection tool from insect pests. TYLCV infected tomato plants were not detected, though a few eggs of B. tabaci and mines of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were detected locally at the entrance of the sliding door. There were practically no significant differences between treatments of nets and the conventional plant height, leaf length and width, number of floret clusters, sugar brix, and product yield. In viewpoints of commercialization, it could be considered highly prospectful to apply to the nets to glasshouses or other greenhouses in which the growing period of crops is long, if the nets were used in the openings of sides, ceilings, and entrances of the greenhouse. However, it might be necessary to take preventive measures for occurrences of insect pests living in soil, temporarily or permanently, as well as high humidity diseases.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2017

Recently, developments in the various fields of cloud computing technology has been utilized. Whereas the demand for cloud computing services is increasing, security threats are also increasing in the cloud computing environments. Especially, in case when the hosts interconnected in the cloud environments are infected and propagated through the attacks by malware. It can have an effect on the resource of other hosts and other security threats such as personal information can be spreaded and data deletion. Therefore, the study of malware analysis to respond these security threats has been proceeded actively. This paper proposes a type of attack clustering method of Zeus botnet using the k-means clustering algorithm for malware analysis that occurs in the cloud environments. By clustering the malicious activity by a type of the Zeus botnet occurred in the cloud environments. it is possible to determine whether it is a malware or not. In the future, it sets a goal of responding to an attack of the new type of Zeus botnet that may occur in the cloud environments.