• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2013

Objective: This study aimed to identify the status and risk factors of rituximab infusion-related adverse events (ADE) in rituximab-na$\ddot{i}$ve patients with cancer diseases. Method: A retrospective analysis using electronic medical records review was conducted. Inclusions were patients with a diagnosis of cancer disease with the initiation of rituximab-included treatment who were na$\ddot{i}$ve to rituximab during January 2011 to March 2013 at National Cancer Center (NCC) in Korea. Result: Total 110 patients, 582 cases of rituximab administrations, were reported in the study. About 57.2% of patients were 51-70 years old and evenly distributed between two genders and 72.7% were BMI less than $25kg/m^2$. All of study patients were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fifty patients (45.4%) and 54 cases (9.3%) were experienced rituximab infusion-related AEs even with conservative administration protocol at NCC. The most frequently occurring AEs were shivering followed by rash and itching. In single variant analysis, we found that the early stage of NHL, low exposure to rituximab administrations, high white blood cell counts, high lymphocyte counts, high absolute neutrophil count and low lactate dehydrogenase were associated with infusion-related AEs (p<0.05). The early stage of disease, high lymphocyte counts, low exposure to rituximab administrations were also related significantly with AEs in multiple variants analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Rituximab infusion-related AEs for patients who were na$\ddot{i}$ve to rituximab were still a concern with conservative administration protocol. The adverse drug reactions were significantly associated with early stage of NHL, higher lymphocyte counts and low exposure to rituximab administrations. The factors need to be considered with close monitoring to prevent rituximab infusion-related AE.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.337-341
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• 2007

This study determined the effect of postpartum intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution on the subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. Six hundred and fifty-eight dairy cows that were around week 4 postpartum were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Cows in treated group received an intrauterine infusion of 100 to 150 ml 2% povidone-iodine solution (treated group, n=269), or (2) Cows that received no treatment were served as the controls (control group, n=389). The cows were bred at observed estrus more than 50 days after calving. Artificial insemination (AI) was done according to the a.m.-p.m. rule. The conception to AI was determined per rectum 60 days after AI by both ultrasonographical observation and manual palpation. The intervals from calving to first service and conception ($94.2{\pm}2.7$ and $144.1{\pm}4.1$ days vs. $88.0{\pm,}2.1$ and $143.5{\pm}4.6$ days, respectively), number of services per conception ($2.0{\pm}0.1$ vs. $2.1{\pm}0.1$), and cumulative pregnancy rates within 90 and 150 days postpartum (31.9 and 61.7% vs. 29.7 and 62.1%) did not differ between the control and treated groups (P>0.05), while conception rate at first service was lower (P<0.05) in the treated group (40.5%) than in the control group (49.4%). Additionally, we could not find any effect of intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution according to cow parity or calving season on the reproductive performance. These results indicate that intrauterine infusion of povidone-iodine solution at week 4 postpartum does not affect the subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.443-449
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• 2022

In this study, in order to improve the disadvantages of the environmental error of the infusion set that performs infusion therapy in the existing clinical practice and to maximize the user's convenience by miniaturizing the existing infusion pump system, the structure of the muscle pump of the human vein was imitated. As a double check valve method, a method for preventing the backflow of fluid and discharging a constant fluid in one direction by external pressure was proposed. The proposed bio-mimic muscle pump uses a check valve that controls the flow of fluid in one direction and a silicone tube with elasticity, and a chamber is constructed. A peristaltic pump for applying intermittent pressure to the tube chamber was constructed using a multi-cam structure roller. In order to verify the performance of the proposed pump, optimization was performed while changing the number of multi-cam rollers and adjusting the speed of the roller driving motor, and the reproducibility of the instantaneous discharge amount and the continuous discharge amount of the pump was compared and tested. The performance of the muscle pump proposed in this study was verified through experiments that it can inject up to 1L of fluid within 12 hours, and that it is possible to inject the fluid with an accuracy of ±0.1ml. Real-time monitoring of the fluid injection volume through the bio-mimic muscle pump proposed in this study not only increases the convenience of the administrator, but also provides a precise fluid administration environment to more patients at a low cost, and additionally applies bubble detection and occlusion detection technology If so, it is believed that a safer medical environment can be provided to patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2020

This study reports the clinical use of two sevoflurane-based anesthetic techniques in dogs undergoing craniectomy. Twenty-one animals undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal craniectomy for brain tumor excision, anesthetized with sevoflurane, were enrolled in this retrospective, observational study. Anesthetic records were allocated to two groups: Sevo-Op (sevoflurane and short acting opioid infusion): 8 dogs and Sevo-Dex (sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine infusion): 13 dogs. Average mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal sevoflurane and intraoperative infusion rates during surgery were calculated. Presence of intra-operative and post-operative bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, hypothermia, hyperthermia was recorded. Time to endotracheal extubation, intraoperative occurrence of atrioventricular block, postoperative presence of agitation, seizures, use of labetalol and dexmedetomidine infusion were also recorded. Data from the two groups were compared with Fisher's exact test and unpaired t tests with Welch's correction. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for categorical variables. Intra-operatively, MAP was lower in Sevo-Op [85 (± 6.54) vs. 97.69 (± 7.8) mmHg, p = 0.0009]. Time to extubation was longer in Sevo-Dex [37.69 (10-70) vs. 19.63 (10-25), p = 0.0033]. No differences were found for the other intra-operative and post-operative variables investigated. Post-operative hypertension and agitation were the most common complications (11 and 12 out of 21 animals, respectively). These results suggest that the infusion of dexmedetomidine provides similar intra-operative conditions and post-operative course to a short acting opioid infusion during sevoflurane anesthesia in dogs undergoing elective rostrotentorial or transfrontal intracranial surgery.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to update nursing practice guidelines for intravenous infusion published in 2017. Methods: The guideline update process was carried out using 22 steps developed by NICE and SIGN. It was agreed to update domains related to central venous infusion therapy. Contents related to peripheral infusion would be updated later. Results: Updated guidelines for central venous infusion therapy consisted of 6 domains and 195 recommendations. The number of recommendations by domain was 11 for general instruction, 14 for central vascular access devices (CVAD) and add-on devices, 13 for nursing management before insertion of CVAD, 30 for management during insertion of CVAD, 51 for management after insertion of CVAD, and 76 for complications. A grade was 29 (14.9%), B grade was 87 (44.6%), and C grade was 79 (40.5%) in the strength of recommendations. A total of 37 (19.0%) recommendations were newly developed and 23 (12.3%) previous recommendations have been modified. The newly developed recommendations were mainly related to the infection control methods. Conclusion: The updated guideline is focused on safe maintenance of central venous infusion therapy. Through this guideline, it is hoped to minimize the occurrence of complications and improve the standardization and efficiency of nursing practice.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1982.05a
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• pp.17.1-17
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• 1982

In 1965, Rosenberg reported that platinum compounds not only inhibit growth and cell division of E. coli but also has anti-tumor activity. Since then, through animal and clinical experiments by Welsch(1971), Speer(1972), Rossof(1972), Hill(1974), and Wittes(1975), it was proved that Cis-platinum has excellent supressive effects on malignant tumor, especially on head and neck cancer. Accordingly, Cis-platinum is now widely used, sometimes without any other durg, or sometimes with Bleomycin and Methotrexate etc. Inspite of the strong anticancer effect, the use of Cis-platinum is quite often discouraged because of the reports that Cis-platinum causes auditory impairment at high frequencies above the speech range due to inner ear damage and irreversible change in the renal tubules. Since Kohonen et al(1965), Standnicki et al(1974) reported that Cisplatinum has toxic effects at the basal turn of the cochlea using guinea pig, many studies on ototoxicity after infusion of Cis-platinum have been carried out using animals. But the studies on ototoxicity in human beings can hardly be found except in reports by Piel et al(1974) and Hong et al (1979). So the authors did a study which tried to clarify the ototoxic effect by comparing the hearing level after infusion of Cis-plastinum with the hearing level before infusion of Cis-plastinum in 30 patients who was treated with Cis-platinum and admitted to the dept. of otolaryngology of Yonsei University Hospital during 2 years and a half from July. 1979 to March. 1982 and the following results were obtained. 1) The results of auditory evaluation, using the pure tone average, hearing loss of 4kHz and 8kHz, Speech Reception Threshold, PB score, SISI showed that the difference of dosage does not change the hearing level after infusion of Cis-platinum and before infusion of Cis-platinum. 2) Cis-platinum had no effect on the hearing level of patients with conductive hearing loss, or with sensorineural hearing loss, as well as with normal hearing level. 3) The infusion of Cis-platinum did not cause any change in creatinine clearance, creatinine, uric acid, but only one case showed that Cis-platinum caused severe nephrotoxicity. 4) The infusion of Cis-plastinum did not cause any change in hemoglobin, leukocyte count, platelet count and there was no correlation with the amount of infusion. 5) To see the side effect of hydration practiced with the infusion of Cis-platinum, the electrolytes, particularly the K level in the serum was measured. But the results did not show any change. 6) Judging from the results of this study mentioned above, ototoxicity caused by infusion of Cis-platinum can be prevented by sufficient hydration. Also the results might say that the appropriate method of infusion of Cis-platinum might be effective in the patients with head and neck cancer who had sensorineural hearing loss for whom the infusion of Cis-platinum has been absolutely cotraindicated.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.506-515
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• 2003

Background : A decreased level of serum arginine vasopressin(AVP) and an increased sensitivity to an exogenous AVP is expected in patients with septic shock who often require a high infusion rate of catecholamines. The goal of the study was to determine whether an exogenous AVP infusion to the patients with septic shock would achieve a significant decrement in infusion rate of catecholamine vasopressors while maintaining hemodynamic stability and adequate urine output. Method : Eight patients with septic shock who require a high infusion rate of norepinephrine had received a trial of 4-hour AVP infusion with simultaneous titration of norepinephrine. Hemodynamic parameters and urine output were monitored during the AVP infusion and the monitoring continued up to 4 hours after the AVP infusion had stopped. Results : Mean arterial pressure showed no significant changes during the study period(p=0.197). Norepinephrine infusion rate significantly decreased with concurrent AVP administration(p=0.001). However, beneficial effects had disappeared after the AVP infusion was stopped. In addition, hourly urine output showed no significant changes throughout the trials(p=0.093). Conclusion : Concurrent AVP infusion achieved the catecholamine vasopressor sparing effect in the septic shock patients, but there was no evidence of the improvement of renal function. Further study may be indicated to determine whether AVP infusion would provide an organ-protective effect to the septic shock patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.128-142
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to adapt the previously developed intravenous infusion guidelines with good quality for development of the evidence-based intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline in Korea. Methods: Guideline adaptation process was conducted according to guideline adaptation manual version 2.0 developed by NECA (Kim, Kim et al., 2011) which consisted of three main phases, 9 modules including a total of 24 steps. Results: Adapted intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline was consisted of 19 domains and 180 recommendations. The domains and number of recommendations in each domain were: general guide, 4; assessment, 1; vascular access device selection, 4;site selection, 14;site preparation, 5;site care, 29; maintaining patency, 11; blood sampling via vascular access, 4; vascular access device exchange and removal, 9; add-on device selection, 27; infusion related complications, 63; education, 7; and documentation and report, 2. There were 11.9% of A, 28.4% of B, 58.7% of C in grade of recommendations. Conclusion: Adapted intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline is expected to contribute providing an evidence based practice guides for intravenous infusion. The guideline is recommended to be disseminated to nurses nationwide to improve the efficiency of intravenous infusion practice.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-104
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rapid hemorrhage on cardiopulmonary hemodynamics of the cooled dogs. Hypothermia was induced by means of body surface cooling with ice water. Lowest esophageal temperatures ranged from 24 to 26 degree. Dogs were bled via the femoral artery into a reservoir in amount of the equivalent blood volume of 3% of body weight of the dogs. Some dogs were reinfused with the same amount of blood which they lost and others infused with 5% dextrose solution. Fourty adult mongrel dogs were divided into three groups: group I[15 dogs]; dogs were bled in normothermic state. Five dogs had no further treatment, but five dogs were reinfused with blood and five infused with 5% dextrose solution 30 minutes after bleeding. GroupII[10 dogs]; dogs were bled as group I after having been cooled. Five dogs were reinfused with blood as group I. Group III[15 dogs]; dogs were first bled and then cooled. Reinfusion procedures were the same as in group l Results were as follow: 1. The heart rate showed a slight decrease after bleeding in group I and then increased over the control level after 60 minutes. After reinfusion and infusion, the heart rate was also increased gradually and after three hours almost returned to the control level. In group II and groupIll, the heart rate decreased remarkably and after reinfusion showed a light increase but after infusion tended to decrease cotinually. 2. The stroke volume showed remarkable decrease after bleeding in group I., and recovered to control level after reinfusion and infusion,and then gradually decreased again. In group III, the stroke volume showed no remarkable change after hypothermia, and tended to decrease after reinfusion. In group III, the stroke volume decreased remarkably after bleeding and hypothermia,and clearly increased after reinfusion and infusion and then returned to control level. 3. Femoral mean pressure declined very rapidly and significantly right after bleeding and showed a remarkable prompt rise after reinfusion and infusion in group I [67% recovery]. On the other hand, it declined remarkably after hypothermia and bleeding and showed a slight rise after reinfusion and infusion in group II[46% recovery] and III [41% recovery]. 4. Venous pressure declined slightly after bleeding and tended to return to the control level after reinfusion and infusion,in group I. In group II, it did not change significantly during hypothermia but showed a slight decline after bleeding and returned toward control level after reinfusion. In group III, it declined slightly after bleeding and showed no significant change after hypothermia and rose over the control level after reinfusion and infusion. 5. Right ventricular systolic pressure decreased markedly after bleeding and then increased progressively after 30 minutes. It increased after reinfusion and infusion as well, approaching the control level in group I. In group II, it showed no significant change during hypothermia, but decreased remarkably after bleeding and then returned to near control level after reinfusion. In group III, it was decreased markedly after bleeding but did not change significantly during hypothermia and showed a slight increase after reinfusion. 6. The respiratory rate increased gradually after bleeding and decreased gradually after reinfusion but did not return to the control level, whereas it decreased near to the control level after infusion,and tended to increase in group I. In group II, it decreased significantly after hypothermia and bleeding but returned near to the control level after reinfusion. In group III, it showed a remarkable decrease after hypothermia and increased slightly after reinfusion and infusion but did not returned to the control level. In group I, the tidal volume decreased slightly after hemorrhage, and increased gradually to near the control level after 3 hours following reinfusion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1992

Quantitative analysis of gallbladder emptying is important in diagnosis of motility disorder of gallbladder and in studies of biliary physiology. However, the normal range of gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) has not been determined yet and the best method for stimulating the gallbladder to contract has not been elucidated adequately. The purpose of this study was to compare the gallbladder emptying effect of the fatty meal ingestion with that of the continuous infusion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and to establish the normal GBSF values of normal subjects. Quantitative hepatobiliary scan with $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ after a fatty meal was performed for 22 normal healthy volunteers. Among them, 10 subjects repeated the test with a fatty meal. Again, for 7 subjects quantitative heaptobiliary scan with an infusion of CCK (sincalide) at a rate of 20 ng/kg/hr for 45 minutes was performed repeatedly. The results were as follows. 1) With a fatty meal, the mean GBEF was $89.6{\pm}8.2%$ in 22 normal subjects, and there was no difference between subjects. 2) With a continuous infusion of CCK, the mean GBEF was $62.4{\pm}16.6%$ in 7 normal subjects, and there was a significant difference between subjects(p<0.05). 3) The reproducibility of GBEF by a fatty meal was significantly higher than by an infusion of CCK (p < 0.05). 4) The mean GBEF by a fatty meal was significantly higher than that by an infusion of CCK (p < 0.05). We concluded that a fatty meal is superior to a continuous infusion of CCK for inducing gall-bladder contraction because that induces more complete emptying and the response is more reproducible and constant.