• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2020

This study introduced income mobility analysis using pseudo-longitudinal panel data from Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) to consider the dynamic process of individual's well-being through time. Since there is no comprehensive measurement of income mobility because of its dynamic process, various income mobility indices such as Chi-square, Average Jump Index, Atkinson et al. Mobility Ratio, and Shorrocks' Mobility Index were used. These indices revealed that Filipino households' income movements are more mobile than expected, and their income status improved from 2000 to 2015. As income mobility takes place, income inequality is reduced by 91.80 percent (91.80%). Furthermore, the growth effect is the main factor of income mobility. This indicates that households took the economic opportunities from economic growth to earn more. However, income mobility due to transfer effect (transfer of income from one household to another through lottery winning and borrowing) increased when the economy is not good. The higher income mobility due to growth effect compared to transfer effect, whether the economy is good or bad, means that households learned how to use their income in savings, investments, and entrepreneurship. This is the result of a successful financial literacy program of the government wherein households realized financial stability and security.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries among an urban population. Methods: This study was conducted among 2000 people 15-40 years of age living in Kurdistan, Iran in 2015. Using a questionnaire, data were collected by 4 trained dental students. The dependent variable was the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) index. Using principal component analysis, the socioeconomic status (SES) of families was determined based on their household assets. Inequality was measured using the concentration index; in addition, the Oaxaca analytical method was used to determine the contribution of various determinants to the observed inequality. Results: The concentration index for poor scores on the DMF index was -0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.40 to -0.36); thus, poor DMF indices had a greater concentration in groups with a low SES (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis showed that the mean prevalence of a poor DMF index was 43.7% (95% CI, 40.4 to 46.9%) in the least privileged group and 14.4% (95% CI, 9.5 to 9.2%) in the most privileged group. It was found that 85.8% of the gap observed between these groups was due to differences in sex, parents' education, and the district of residence. A poor DMF index was less prevalent among people with higher SES than among those with lower SES (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.52). Conclusions: An alarming degree of SES inequality in oral health status was found in the studied community. Hence, it is suggested that inequalities in oral health status be reduced via adopting appropriate policies such as the delivery of oral health services to poorer groups and covering such services in insurance programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2018

Objectives: Obesity is a considerable and growing public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in western Iran. Methods: A total of 10 086 participants, aged 35-65 years, from the Ravansar Non-communicable Disease Cohort Study (2014-2016) were included in the study to examine socioeconomic inequalities in obesity. We defined obesity as a body mass index ${\geq}30kg/m^2$. The concentration index and concentration curve were used to illustrate and measure wealth-related inequality in obesity. Additionally, we decomposed the concentration index to identify factors that explained wealth-related inequality in obesity. Results: Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the total sample was 26.7%. The concentration index of obesity was 0.04; indicating that obesity was more concentrated among the rich (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis indicated that wealth, place of residence, and marital status were the main contributors to the observed inequality in obesity. Conclusions: Socioeconomic-related inequalities in obesity among adults warrant more attention. Policies should be designed to reduce both the prevalence of obesity and inequalities in obesity by focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, urban residents, and married individuals.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the extent of income-related inequity in health care utilization and expenditures to compare the extent in 2005 and 2010 in Korea. Methods: We employed the concentration indices and the horizontal inequity index proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer based on one- and two-part models. This study was conducted using data from the 2005 and 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We examined health care utilization and expenditures for different types of health care providers, including health centers, physician clinics, hospitals, general hospitals, dental care, and licensed traditional medical practitioners. Results: The results show the equitable distribution of overall health care utilization with pro-poor tendencies and modest pro-rich inequity in the amount of medical expenditures in 2010. For the decomposition analysis, non-need variables such as income, education, private insurance, and occupational status have contributed considerably to pro-rich inequality in health care over the period between 2005 and 2010. Conclusions: We found that health care utilization in Korea in 2010 was fairly equitable, but the poor still have some barriers to accessing primary care and continuing to receive medical care.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with H$_{\infty}$ controller design methods for descriptor systems with and without time-varying delays in state and control input. The sufficient condition for the existence of an H$_{\infty}$ controller and the controller design method are presented by linear matrix inequality (LMI), singular value decomposition, Schur complements, and changes of variables. Since the obtained sufficient condition can be changed to an LMI form by proper manipulations, all solutions including controller gain can be obtained at the same time. Moreover, it is shown that robust H$_{\infty}$ controller design problem for parameter uncertain descriptor systems with time-varying delays in state and control input can be solvable using the proposed method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1843-1846
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• 2004

This paper considers a robust observer-based $H_{\infty}$ controller design method for descriptor systems with parameter uncertainties using just one LMI condition. The sufficient condition for the existence of controller and the controller design method are presented by a perfect LMI condition in terms of all variables using singular value decomposition, Schur complement, and change of variables. Therefore, one of the main advantages is that a robust observer-based $H_{\infty}$ controller is found by solving one LMI condition compared with existing results. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller design method.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.1854-1860
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• 2008

In this paper, we deal with the problem of delay-dependent robust and non-fragile stabilization for descriptor systems with parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays on the basis of strict LMI(linear matrix inequality) technique. Also, the considering controller is composed of multiplicative uncertainty. The delay-dependent robust and non-fragile stability criterion without semi-definite condition and decomposition of system matrices is obtained. Based on the criterion, the problem is solved via state feedback controller, which guarantees that the resultant closed-loop system is regular, impulse free and stable in spite of all admissible parameter uncertainties, time-varying delays, and controller fragility. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 B
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• pp.494-496
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• 1999

In this paper, we consider the design of a state feedback $H_{\infty}$ controller for uncertain linear systems with saturating actuators. We consider a general saturating actuator and employ the additive decomposition to deal with it effectively. And the considered uncertainty is the unstructured uncertainty which is only known its norm bound. Based on Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) techniques, we present a condition on designing a controller that guarantees the $L_2$ gain, from the noise to the output, is not greater than a given value. A controller is obtained by checking the feasibility of three LMI's, and this can be easily done by well-known control package. Finally, we show the usefulness of our result by a numerical example.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.2112-2115
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• 2005

This paper considers the synthesis of non-fragile $H_{\infty}$ state feedback controllers for singular systems and static state feedback controller with multiplicative uncertainty. The sufficient condition of controller existence, the design method of non-fragile $H_{\infty}$ controller, and the measure of non-fragility in controller are presented via LMI(linear matrix inequality) technique. Also, through singular value decomposition, some changes of variables, and Schur complements, the sufficient condition can be rewritten as LMI form in terms of transformed variables. Therefore, the obtained non-fragile $H_{\infty}$ controller guarantees the asymptotic stability and disturbance attenuation of the closed loop singular systems within a prescribed degree. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the design method.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.596-598
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• 1999

In this paper, we consider the design of a state feedback $H_{\infty}$ controller for linear systems with saturating actuators. We consider a general saturating actuator and employ the multiplicative decomposition to deal with it effectively. Based on Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) techniques, we present a condition on designing a controller that guarantees the $L_2$ gain, from the noise to the output, is not greater than a given value. A controller is obtained by checking the feasibility of three LMI's, and this can be easily done by well-known control package. Finally, we show the usefulness of our result by a numerical example.