• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 1997

In computing eigenvalues for a large finite element system it has been observed that the eigenvalue extractors produce eigenvectors that are in some sense more accurate than their corresponding eigenvalues. From this observation the paper uses a patch type technique based on the eigenvector for one mesh quality to provide an eigenvalue error indicator. Tests show this indicator to be both accurate and reliable. This technique was first observed by Stephen and Steven for an error estimation for buckling and natural frequency of beams and two dimensional in-plane and out-of-plane structures. This paper produces and error indicator for the more difficult problem of three dimensional brick elements.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2010

This study provides a physical indicator of landscape that can be guidelines so as to evaluate landscape agricultural region for visual landscape planning, finds out the guideline for visual landscape planning lastly through examining importance of indicators and the preference of each indicator of landscape. The physical landscape indicators were derived from document study and questionnaire survey to evaluate visual landscape on landscape agricultural region. In addition, field study was conducted to examine and inspect the physical landscape indicator, managers' interview and photograph was took for evaluating the landscape simulation. Moreover, the important elements for visual landscape planning of landscape agricultural region, the importance of physical landscape indicator and the preferences of each indicator were derived by conducting questionnaire to experts and general publics. The physical landscape indicator guideline was established from the following procedures. In case of the land, flat area had higher preference than steep region. So, planning an agricultural area at a flat region with open space will be better than establishing an agricultural area on a steep region. In case of the kind of landscape crops, For the background of landscape agricultural region, the seashore type had the highest preference and mountain type and non-background type was followed in order. According to the study, facilities built with natural elements such as straw-roofed pavilion received high preference. Therefore, look-out shed and straw-roofed pavilion should be introduced in the landscape agriculture planning to select materials and colors to keep harmony with the nature. The result of this study could be used as a best choice for improving visual landscape of landscape agricultural region on selecting suitable land, facilities and so on. Moreover, the results of manager interview could be used as a useful tool in the management and formation of visual landscape. The landscape point evaluating visual landscape of landscape agricultural region could be used as a reference for establishing relative guideline for the direct payment program for rural landscape conservation and landscape agreement. In addition, it could be a useful reference to improve the general landscape and revitalize the rural area.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 영 유아교사의 좌우뇌 선호도와 창의적 인성과의 관계를 통해서 창의성 증진에 관련된 기초자료를 얻고자 하는데 있다. 연구대상은 유치원 및 어린이집 교사 205명을 대상으로 뇌 선호유형과 창의적 인성을 측정하였으며 검사도구는 McCanthy(1993)의 HMI(Hemispheric Mode Indicator)를 류명희(2004)가 번역한 검사와 Torrance(1998)의 자기보고식 창의적 성격검사(WKOPAY)를 사용하였다. 자료의 처리는 Pearson의 상관분석과 One-way Anova를 실시하였다. 연구를 통해 도출된 결과는 첫째, 우뇌 선호도가 높아질수록 창의적 인성 및 탐구심은 높지만 자신감은 낮았다. 그러나 뇌 선호도와 권위의 수용, 적극적 상상력 및 타인에 대한 의식은 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 뇌 선호유형에 따라 창의적 인성은 유의한 차이를 보였는데, 우뇌 선호형 교사가 창의적 인성이 가장 높았으며 좌뇌 선호형과 통합뇌형 교사는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 뇌 선호유형에 따라 창의적 인성 하위요인의 차이는 자신감, 탐구심, 타인에 대한 의식에서 유의한 집단 간 차이를 보였으며, 권위의 수용이나 적극적인 상상력은 집단 간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2020

This paper develops a risk index based on an indicator of risk assessment in terms of coastal activity location and accident type. The risk index is derived from a formula which adds the consequence of failure to a vulnerability value, then subtracts the mitigation value. Specifically, the consequence of failure is the number of casualties in coastal activity locations. An indicator of vulnerability refers to coastal environment elements and social elements. A pointer of mitigation includes managerial and organizational elements that indicate the capabilities of coastal activities. A risk rating of coastal activity location is found from a risk matrix consisting of the accident location and type. The purpose of this study is to prevent accidents at coastal activity locations by allowing the Coastal police guard to monitor effectively and inform visitors of potential risks.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2018

In this paper a new multi-step damage detection approach is provided. In the first step, condensed modal residual vector based indicator (CMRVBI) has been proposed to locate the suspected damaged elements of structures that have rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs). The CMRVBI is a new indicator that uses only translational DOFs of the structures to localize damaged elements. In the next step, salp swarm algorithm is applied to quantify damage severity of the suspected damaged elements. In order to assess the performance of the proposed approach, a numerical example including a three-layer square laminated composite plate is studied. The numerical results demonstrated that the proposed CMRVBI is effective for locating damage, regardless of the effect of noise. The efficiency of proposed approach is also compared during both steps. The results demonstrate that in noisy condition, the damage identification approach is capable for the studied structure.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Public buildings as a public space of the community have a close relationship with local residents and urban space. Public buildings are not a simple role as office space, but closely related to the life of the local residents. In addition, a variety of approaches, spatial, and program elements should be considered. Rising awareness for public buildings recently, aspect of design also has began to be interested. Small building is a public building that can actively cope with the social and economic environment in the rapid change. However, small building is lacking the design consideration according to the scale and economics. This paper is to present the Design Indicator that can be used to create 'small public buildings' that has been alienated from the large public buildings design development. This is intended to derive and utilize the design categories and design detail indicator of small public buildings. There are composition of design categories and design detail indicator of developed small public buildings. Design categories have developed six such as Public and Harmony, Access, Landscape Design, Space, Sustainable Design, Technique and Performance. Design Detail indicator of Small public buildings have developed all 24. Presented Design Categories and detail indicator are composed of design indicator available in all areas of design evaluation and review that includes design, function, environment, and technology of public buildings. And it is possible to apply with small public buildings in all purpose.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2014

Community-based disaster preparedness approaches are increasingly important elements of vulnerability reduction and disaster strategies. They are associated with a policy trend that values the knowledge and capacities of local people. In this research, we describe the community diagnosis method and develop Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Index(FDRRI) for assessment of flood vulnerability. FDRRI is composed of four indicators such as Flood Exposure Indicator(FEI), Sensitivity Indicator(SI), Risk Reduction Indicator(RRI), and Community Preparedness Indicator(CPI). We anticipate to present the guideline for selection national preparedness projects and uplift community's preparedness capacity.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2189-2196
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• 2006

The present work is concerned with the development of a procedure for adaptive computations of shear localization problems. The maximum jump of equivalent strain rates across element boundaries is proposed as a simple error indicator based on interpolation errors, and successfully implemented in the adaptive mesh refinement scheme. The time step is controlled by using a parameter related to the Lipschitz constant, and state variables in target elements for refinements are transferred by $L_2$-projection. Consistent tangent moduli with a proper updating scheme for state variables are used to improve the numerical stability in the formation of shear bands. It is observed that the present adaptive mesh refinement procedure shows an excellent performance in the simulation of shear localization problems.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.347-361
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• 2016

A two-stage method for damage detection in truss systems is proposed. In the first stage, a modal residual vector based indicator (MRVBI) is introduced to locate the potentially damaged elements and reduce the damage variables of a truss structure. Then, in the second stage, a differential evolution (DE) based optimization method is implemented to find the actual site and extent of damage in the structure. In order to assess the efficiency of the proposed damage detection method, two numerical examples including a 2D-truss and 3D-truss are considered. Simulation results reveal the high performance of the method for accurately identifying the damage location and severity of trusses with considering the measurement noise.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2024

최근들어, 자원 선진국들은 광물자원에 대한 자원민족주의 심화와 함께 광물자원 고갈이 심해짐에 따라 광물자원 탐사에 한층 더 심혈을 기울이고 있다. 그래서 광물자원 탐사에 이용되는 방법 중의 하나는 광물의 화학조성을 통해 탐사하는 방법이다. 황철석은 광화작용 전반에 걸쳐 산출되고 광종에 관계없이 산출되는 광물로써 그 광물내 미량원소들의 종류 및 함량변화가 광상 탐사에 주요 지화학적 지시자들로써 많이 활용되고 있다. 저자는 이 논문에서 장군 연-아연 광상의 모암, 모암변질대 및 연-아연 광체에서 산출되는 황철석의 산상과 화학조성 변화 등을 연구함으로써 연-아연 광체 탐사 시 활용할 수 있는 지시원소들에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 이 광상은 모암인 고생대의 장군석회암층에 연-아연 열수용액과의 반응에 의해 형성된 열수교대형 광상이다. 이 열수교대형 광상의 연-아연 광화작용과 관련된 모암변질작용은 주로 능망간석화작용과 일부 돌로마이트화작용, 황철석화작용, 견운모화작용 및 녹니석화작용 등이 관찰된다. 모암, 모암변질대 및 연-아연 광체에서 산출되는 황철석은 조직, 산상 및 선후관계 등을 근거로 3가지 유형(Py I형, Py II형 및 Py III형)으로 분류되며 광화작용이 진행됨에 따라 Py I형에서 Py II형을 걸쳐 Py III형으로 산출된다. 각 유형별 황철석내 미량원소의 함량 변화가 큰 원소는 Mn, As, Ag, Sb 및 Pb 원소들이며 함량 변화가 작은 원소는 Zn, Cu, Cd, Se, Te, Co, Ni, Au, In 및 Sn 원소들이다. 각 유형별 황철석내 미량원소들은 각각 Fe²⁺↔Co²⁺ 치환(Py I형), 3Fe²⁺↔Ag¹⁺ +(Mn²⁺+Ni²⁺+As²⁺)+(As³⁺+Sb³⁺) 치환(Py II 형)과 3Fe²⁺↔Ag¹⁺+(Mn²⁺+As²⁺+Pb²⁺)+(Mn³⁺+As³⁺+Sb³⁺), S^1-↔(As^1-+Sb^1-) 치환(Py III형)이 관찰되는데 이는 연-아연 광화작용 말기로 감에 따라 상대적으로 Mn, As, Sb, Ag 및 Pb 원소들이 부화되었음을 의미한다. 따라서 상기 연구 결과를 토대로, 황철석은 연-아연 광체 탐사에 유용한 광물이며 또한 Mn, As, Sb, Ag 및 Pb 원소들은 유사한 지질조건을 갖는 연-아연 광체 탐사 시 부화정도에 따라서 연-아연 광체 탐사 지시원소로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.