• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.239-244
• /
• 2015

Calanthe striata f. sieboldii Decne. ex Regel is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful flowers arranged in racemose inflorescences. This species is threatened due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. Asymbiotic germination is useful in the conservation efforts to re-establish plants in the wild, and for commercial propagation. In this study, we investigate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), three types of culture media (Phytomax Orchid Maintenance - POM, Seed Germination Maintenance - SGM, and Murashige and Skoog 1962 - MS), and plant growth regulators on embryo swelling, protocorm formation, and embryo diameter of C. striata f. sieboldii. Treatment with 1% NaOCl for 30 min greatly enhanced embryo swelling (28.3%), embryo diameter ($205.8{\mu}m$), and embryo protocorm formation (54.8%) compared to seeds without NaOCl treatment (embryo swelling 8.5%, embryo diameter $14.6{\mu}m$, and protocorm formation 13.4%) on POM medium. Protocorm formation on POM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA) (95.6%) was better than the control (54.5%). Additionally, the effects of activated charcoal (AC) and sucrose on seedling growth in in vitro culture were examined. The protocorm converted into healthy plants with well-developed shoot primordia on the POM medium with AC and sucrose. The most suitable conditions for seedling growth after 10 weeks of culture were the POM medium with AC or sucrose. These results show effective asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling growth of C. striata f. sieboldii.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.337-340
• /
• 1999

In order to evaluate stored apple pollen viability, in vitro germination test was performed on a microscope slide coated with the culture medium containing fluorescein diacetate (FDA). However, the inclusion of FDA to the culture medium declined pollen germination. Alternatively, the fluorochromatic reaction procedure was tested. The procedure involved dusting pollen grains onto drops of 10% sucrose solution containing 0.002% FDA and allowing them to accumulate fluorescein. Within 30 min after the fluorochromatic reaction, viable pollen grains clearly fluoresced under ultraviolet light. Both the in vitro germination test and the fluorochromatic reaction procedure revealed that stored apple pollen viability was not considerably decreased over storage up to at least 39 months. Of the cultivars examined by both methods, 'Fuji' and 'Senshu' pollen viability was highest, 'Tsugaru' was intermediate, and 'Jonagold' was lowest. The fluorescing percentages appeared approximately comparable to the germination percentages except for the 'Senshu' pollens stored for 3 months, although the fluorescing percentages was slightly higher than the germination percentages. Strong and highly significant correlations were found between the two methods. It can thus be concluded that the fluorochromatic reaction procedure provides a convenient and reliable evaluation of stored apple pollen viability.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2013

Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS (p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased (p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12 kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly (p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10 kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.460-468
• /
• 2016

To study the control of postharvest decay caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium expansum, gamma irradiation alone or in combination with fumigation was evaluated to extend the shelf life of apples in South Korea. An irradiation dose of 2.0 kGy resulted in the maximum inhibition of C. gloeosporioides and P. expansum spore germination. The gamma irradiation dose required to reduce the spore germination by 90% was 0.22 and 0.35 kGy for C. gloeosporioides and P. expansum, respectively. Microscopic observations revealed that when the fungal spores were treated with gamma irradiation (4.0 kGy), conidial germination was stopped completely resulting in no germ tube formation in C. gloeosporioides. Treatment with the eco-friendly fumigant ethanedinitrile had a greater antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides and P. expansum in comparison with the non-treated control under in vitro conditions. The in vitro antifungal effects of the gamma irradiation and fumigation treatments allowed us to further study the effects of the combined treatments to control postharvest decay on stored apples. Interestingly, when apples were treated with gamma irradiation in combined with fumigation, disease inhibition increased more at lower (< 0.4 kGy) than at higher doses of irradiation, suggesting that combined treatments reduced the necessary irradiation dose in phytosanitary irradiation processing under storage conditions.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.236-238
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effective media and optimal days after pollination for germination of seeds which were crossed by selfing or reciprocal pollination in Cymbidium spp. The elongation of ovary stopped about 110 days after pollination regardless of cross combinations. The increase of ovary width stopped about 140 days after pollination showing some differences among cross combinations. The cross combinations expressing high capsule number and viability showed good germination when they were sown in vitro. The capsules collected 150 to 180 days after pollination showed good germination performance and short days of germination. Hyponex media was the most effective for protocorm development and germination.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2002

In vitro and in vivo activities of a biocontrol agent, Serratia plymuthica strain A2l-4, was evaluated for the control of Phytophthora blight of pepper, Strain A2l-4 inhibited mycelial growth, germination of zoosporangia and cystospores, and formation of zoospore and zoosporangia of Phytophthora capsici in vitro. In the pot experiment, incidence of Phytophthora blight of pepper in non-treated control was 100% at 14 days after inoculation, while no disease was observed in the plot treated with S. plymuthica A2l-4. In the greenhouse test, infection rate of pepper in the non-treated plots was 74.5%, while it was only 12.6％ in the plots treated with A2l-4. Results indicate that S. plymuthica A2l-4 is a potential biocontrol agent for Phytophthora blight of pepper.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.151-154
• /
• 2002

Conditions for lily pollen growth in vitro and transformation were optimized. Active pollen tube development was achieved effectively in a medium containing 7% sucrose with pH adjusted to 5.7 at the temperature of 27$^{\circ}C$ for about 16-24 hours. Pollen growth was little impaired by the presence of kanamycin at concentration up to 100 mg/L. Pollen rains near the beginning of germination stage were more reliable for Agrobacterium-mediated GUS DNA transformation via vacuum infiltration lasted for 20-40 minutes. GUS DNA integration and its expression in fully developed pollen tubes could be confirmed by Southern blot hybridization, RT-PCR and histochemical staining.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.50
• /
• pp.108-114
• /
• 2023

In vitro conservation is one of the most effective strategies for rare plant protection, especially for orchid species. To maximize the success rates of in vitro explant establishment (stage I) in conservation programs, the application of tissue culture additives such as Plant Preservative Mixture^TM (PPM^TM) should be emphasized. In this study, we used Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb.f. (1875) seeds and seedlings as a model for the evaluation of PPM^TM's phytotoxicity in the meristematic tissues of epiphytic orchids. PPM^TM had no observable inhibitory effect on protocorm, shoot, or root development when it was supplemented at 0.1%. PPM^TM supplementation caused adverse effects on D. thyrsiflorum explants at concentrations > 0.2%. At high concentrations, young in vitro seedlings showed damage, especially at the root tissue level. Based on this model, supplementation of 0.1-0.2% PPM^TM to culture media was successfully implemented to establish in vitro cultures of other rare orchid species in our conservation program.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2012

Inhibition effects on spore germination and mycelia growth for pepper anthracnose fungi (Collectricum acutatum) were investigated in vitro using eco-friendly agricultural materials as well as ecofriendly pesticides. The inhibition effect on mycelia growth of anthracnose fungi is the highest when the anthracnose mycelia were treated with a pesticide (commercial name: Koreayeok) that contains a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Panibacillus polymyxa, resulting in 100% inhibition of the mycelia growth. Meanwhile, the range of 20~40% inhibition effects on the growth of anthracnose mycelia was observed with other commercial agricultural materials. The significant inhibition effects on spore formation of anthracnose fungus were shown in vitro with two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur [BTB (100%) and SulfurStar (95.1%)], Koreayeok (95.0%), Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture, and Jihabudea-KM containing Psedomonas spp. (96.1%), respectively. Taken from these in vitro results of inhibiting of the spore germination and mycelia growth together, Koreayeok is the most effective on control of pepper anthracnose disease in vitro. In addition, two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur (BTB and SulfurStar) and Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture are also significantly applicable to prevent pepper plants from anthracnose disease in vitro. It remains to be determined whether the selected eco-friendly agricultural materials in effective control of anthracnose in vitro can be used to control pepper anthracnose in field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2003

In vitro culture of panicle has been the method to accumulate starch and protein in immature grains by providing nutrients after florets crossed between remote genotypes artificially. Grain filling means embryo development and sucrose translocation from photosynthetic source, and starch manufacture in endosperm. The concentrations of sucrose used to culture immature rice panicle were 5, 10, 15, 20% and glutamine was 20 mM. When immature rice panicles at 5 days after flowering were cultured in distilled water with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM and MS medium with different concentrations of sucrose, glutamine 20 mM for 30 days the later was effective on grain filling. The optimal concentration of sucrose on grain filling in vitro culture of rice panicle was 10% and the weight of grain cultured was 10.14 mg that was corresponded to 57% of intact plant. In the method of treating plant growth regulators, the culture of immature rice panicle adding in MS medium with Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ were effective on grain filling than the culturing of immature rice panicle after submerging in solutions of Kinetin, IAA, $\textrm{GA}_3$ for 1day. When immature rice panicle was cultured in MS medium with sucrose 10% and Kinetin 46.47 $\mu$M it was effective on grain filling, respectively. The weight of grain cultured was 13.1mg that was corresponded to 75% of intact and germination rate was 51 %. When immature rice panicles were cultured in medium with different concentrations combined with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.7 $\mu\textrm{M}$, IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 30 days and in medium with IAA 5.71, 57.08, 570.80 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days after culturing in medium with Kinetin 4.65, 46.47, 464.70 $\mu\textrm{M}$ for 15 days the effect on grain filling was similar.