• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.129-147
• /
• 2002

This paper presents a variational equality formulation by Providing new dynamic route choice condition for a link-based dynamic traffic assignment model. The concepts of used paths, used links, used departure times are employed to derive a new link-based dynamic route choice condition. The route choice condition is formulated as a time-dependent variational equality problem and necessity and sufficiency conditions are provided to prove equivalence of the variational equality model. A solution algorithm is proposed based on physical network approach and diagonalization technique. An asymmetric network computational study shows that ideal dynamic-user optimal route condition is satisfied when the length of each time interval is shortened. The I-394 corridor study shows that more than 93% of computational speed improved compared to conventional variational inequality approach, and furthermore as the larger network size, the more computational performance can be expected. This paper concludes that the variational equality could be a promising approach for real-time application of a dynamic traffic assignment model based on fast computational performance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1211-1216
• /
• 2004

A MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) induced chromium resistant strain ($Cr^{r}18$) of unicellular cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans has been isolated and characterized. The resistant strain could grow (although restricted to $50\%$ of control) in chromium concentration (180${\mu}M$) lethal to the wild-type. Sublethal ($160{\mu}M$) concentration of $Cr^{6+}$ significantly reduced (13-$37.5$) all the photosynthetic pigments of A. nidulans with maximum reduction in phycoerythrin followed by ChI $\alpha$. Pigments of A. nidulans were drastically decreased in lethal concentration of Cr^{6+} with maximum reduction in phycoerythrin ($75\%$) and allophycocyanin ($67.5\%$). Resistant strain $Cr^{r}18$ resisted toxic effects of sublethal and lethal concentrations of $Cr^{6+}$ on photosynthetic pigments as revealed by less decrease in pigments as compared to A. nidulans. Effect of $Cr^{6+}$ stress was also studied on nitrogen assimilation and phosphate uptake. Sublethal concentration of $Cr^{6+}$ drastically reduced ($71.5\%$) nitrate uptake by A. nidulans while a decrease of $29\%$ was observed in strain $Cr^{r}18$. Short (2 day) exposure of A. nidulans and its resistant strain $Cr^{r}18\;to\;Cr^{6+}$ did not affect nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase (transferase), whereas longer (10 day) exposure to $Cr^{6+}$ lowered activities of both enzymes in A. nidulans but not significantly in the strain $Cr^{r}18$. Ammonium uptake by both strains was not affected by $Cr^{6+}$. Thus, $Cr^{6+}$ affected photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen assimilation, and phosphate uptake of A. nidulans, while strain $Cr^{r}18$ was able to resist toxic effects of the metal. Advantages of using strain $Cr^{r}18$ for bioremediation purposes have been evaluated by studying $Cr^{6+}$ removal from the solution. Resistant strain $Cr^{r}18$ was able to remove $33\%$ more $Cr^{6+}$ than A. nidulans and thus it can prove to be a good candidate for bioremediation of $Cr^{6+}$ from polluted waters.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify factor structure and validation of Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (OCLI) and prove up possibility of usage as an evaluation tool for evaluating life-long learning. 330 students in school of engineering of I university at Incheon province were responded for OCLI. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. As the exploratory factor analysis results, 24 items in original version were converted to 19 items. The total reliability was .774 and the total covariance was 40.57%. As the confirmatory factor analysis results, four items were removed and GFI .938, AGFI .915, CFI .908 appeared to fit all the criteria. The RMSEA index 0.054 also appeared to fit significantly higher.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.44-62
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicine for recovery and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods: We searched two english, one chinese and four korean database up to November 4, 2019. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible. Primary outcome included Human papilloma virus (HPV) clearance rate and the effective ratio of treatment. And vaginal bleeding time and volume, improvement of symptoms, and recovery of wound were regarded as secondary outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed by two independent authors using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Of 47 screened, 10 RCTs were included. Number of participants per study ranged from 58 to 360. The studies which used HPV clearance rate as primary outcome were considered as low risk of bias. Most of the studies had considerable heterogeneity in terms of type of intervention, comparison and time-points for outcome measurement. Compared to LEEP alone, herbal vaginal suppository combined group showed favorable results for HPV clearance in patients (5 studies, n=627, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.55, I²=75%). And compared to LEEP alone, herbal external application also showed favorable results for HPV clearance in patients (2 studies, n=252, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.61, I²=86%). Three studies reported mild and temporary adverse events, and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: The studies showed that herbal medicine can significantly effective on recovery of CIN after LEEP. However, included studies suffered from incomplete reporting, high or unclear risk of bias and substantial heterogeneity between studies. In the Future, further high-quality RCTs are needed to prove effectiveness of herbal medicine for CIN after LEEP and reduce the risk of bias.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2000

This Paper is a Part of research Project series to analyze unique traffic characteristics observable within weaving sections on urban freeways. The research objectives were to establish with headway distribution and maximum Passing volume on weaving sections the basis of weaving designs that can promote safety and efficiency. Until now, when one wants to check the maximum Passing volume on weaving sections, it is taken for granted using headway distribution of freeway basic section. However. it was suspected in this research that for weaving sections different form of headway distribution had better be used. To prove this, field surveys were made to count headway intervals which supposedly were influenced not only by freeway basic section flows but also by weaving flows and later on used to develop headway distribution for weaving sections. For validation of the developed headway distribution, $x^2$-test was applied to three different data set of observed headways, currently used headway distribution for basic sections(Pearson Type III distribution) and new headway distribution. The result indicated new headway distribution as the most appropriate distribution form. Also, maximum passing volume within weaving sections was calculated based on new headway distribution and compared with Drew's maximum Passing volume.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.46-57
• /
• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to prove the effects of exercise intervention on postural control of children with cerebral palsy in Korea by systematic review. Methods : Total 18 studies were selected through Korean research database engine such as DBpia, KISS and RISS for the systematic review in this study. Key words used were 'cerebral palsy', 'postural control' and 'balance' and publication time period was limited only after October 2006 in the research selection. All the selected studies were reviewed in terms of quality level of evidence and methodological quality level, and then the results were analyzed with Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO). Results : For the level of evidence, it is found that 8 studies show Grade I, 5 studies show Grade III, and 2 studies show Grade V. In terms of Methodological quality, majority of the studies showed 'Fare' level. Majority of target population of the studies was children with spastic diplegia. Most research design of the studies were randomized controlled trials. The results in several suited showed that the postural control exercise used in Korea has positive impact on improvement of motor and balance ability. Conclusion : Impact of the exercise intervention used in Korea for postural control of children with cerebral palsy has been evidenced in this study. It is proposed that further research need to be done considering several types of cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.186-195
• /
• 2015

Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp), which is the precursor of bioactive metabolites like indole-3-acetic acid and other indole alkaloids. Alpha anthranilate synthase 2 (OsASA2) plays a critical role in the feedback inhibition of tryptophan biosynthesis. In this study, two vectors with single (F124V) and double (S126F/L530D) point mutations of the OsASA2 gene for feedback-insensitive ${\alpha}$ subunit of rice anthranilate synthase were constructed and transformed into wildtype Dongjinbyeo by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic single and double mutant lines were selected as a single copy using TaqMan PCR utilized nos gene probe. To select intergenic lines, the flanking sequence of RB or LB was digested with a BfaI enzyme. Four intergenic lines were selected using a flanking sequence tagged (FST) analysis. Expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) of the transgenes resulted in the accumulation of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and tryptophan content as a free amino acid in seeds also increased up to 30 times relative to the wildtype. Two homozygous event lines, S-TG1 and D-TG1, were selected for characterization of agronomic traits and metabolite profiling of seeds. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), related to ion transfer and nutrient supply, were upregulated and DEGs related to co-enzymes that work as functional genes were down regulated. These results suggest that two homozygous event lines may prove effective for the breeding of crops with an increased level of free tryptophan content.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.66
• /
• pp.499-507
• /
• 2003

As the load is increased on the steel-concrete composite structure, its interface begins to show nonlinear behavior due to the reduction of interaction, micro-crack, slip and separation, and it causes slip-softening, Therefore, it is essential to consider the partial-interaction analysis technique. Until now, however, full-interaction or, in some instances, the linear-elastic model, which are insufficient to simulate accurate behavior, are assumed in the analysis of composite structure since the analysis method and nonlinear model for interface are very difficult and complicated. Therefore, the design of composite structure is followed by the experimental method which is inefficient-because a number of tests have to be carried out according to the design environments. In this study, we carried out the nonlinear analysis according to various interface nonlinear models by interaction magnitude, and analyzed more accurate structural behavior and performance by maximum tangential traction and slip-softening at the interface. As a result of this study. we were able to prove that the nonlinear model of interface more exactly represents behavior after yielding, such as ultimate load: that initial tangential stiffness of interface has a significant effect on the yielding load of structural members or part: and that the maximum tangential traction and slip-softening mainly effects structural yielding and ultimate load. Therefore, the structural performance of composite structure is highly dependent on the steel-concrete interface or interaction, which may result in initial tangential stiffness, maximum tangential traction and slip-softening in nonlinear model.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation, adsorption and desorption and leaching of acetamiprid in soils. The half-life of acetamiprid in field condition was $1.7{\sim}3.3$ days in Bokhyun soil and, in case of laboratory condition, 15.5 days. Adsorption of acetamiprid was equilibrated in 12 hours incubation. In adsorption experiment using modified soils, such as oxidized soil, oxidized soil added humic acid, fulvic acid, kaolinite or montmorillinite, adsorption rate of acetamiprid was the highest in the oxidized soil added fulvic acid. The desorption rate was the lowest in the oxidized soil added fulvic acid. The adsorption and desorption results should be suggested that acetamiprid could be strongly adsorbed with soil humic materials, especially fulvic acid. When the mobility of acetamiprid in soil was calculated according to GUS (Groundwater Ubiquity Score) equation, it was prove to non-leacher, and it was confirmed in the leaching experiment with soil column. Most of acetamiprid was remained in the upper 30 cm of the soil column after eluting with water and it was not even detected in leachate.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2011

Unlike in traditional row-oriented database systems, a column-oriented database system stores data in column-oriented and not row-oriented order. Recently, research results revealed the effectiveness of column-oriented databases for applications such as data warehouse and decision support systems that access large volumes of data in a read only manner. In this paper, we investigate the join strategies for column-oriented databases and prove the effectiveness of column-oriented databases in data warehouse systems. For unbiased comparison, the two database systems are analyzed using the star schema benchmark and the performance analysis of a star schema join query is carried out. We experimented with well-known join algorithms and considered early materialization and late materialization join strategies for column-oriented databases. The performance results confirm that star schema join queries perform better in terms of disk I/O cost in column-oriented databases than in row-oriented databases. In addition, the late materialization strategy showed more performance gain than the early materialization strategy in column-oriented databases.