• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to investigate the intercorrelations among various motivational patterns and learning strategies and to examine the differences in motivation and strategy usage in terms of students' science achievement level, gender, and grade. A questionnaire on achievement goal, self-efficacy, self-concept of ability, expectancy, value, causal attributions, and learning strategies was administered to 360 junior high/high school students (178 males, 182 females). Students who adopted performance-oriented goal tended not to be task oriented. Task-oriented students had high levels of self-efficacy, high self-concept of ability, and expectancies for future performance in science. They also valued science and attributed thier failures to the lack of effort. However, performance-oriented students evaluated their ability negatively, did not value science, and attributed thier failures to uncontrollable causes. With respect to learning strategy, task-oriented students tended to use deep-level strategy, whereas performance-oriented students tended to use surface-level strategy and not to use deep-level strategy. High-achieving students, boys, and junior high school students were more task-oriented, evaluated their ability more positively, and valued science more than low-achieving students, girls, and high school students, respectively. High-achieving students and boys also used deep-level strategy more than each of their counterparts. However, no significant difference in learning strategy was found between junior high school students and high school students. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.761-767
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• 2010

This study introduces a model of territorial analysis on Chungcheongnam-do Nonsan-chun valley area, which gives an example of a method of selecting the management area for non-point pollution source from land use to help eliminate its source. High discharge load per unit area signify high level of land ratio with high level of basic unit of development load (including factory sites, school sites, roadways), which mean that there are a significant level of urbanization. It is these areas with the examination of the water quality of the nearby river that should be considered as the management area for non-point pollution source. Thus, the management area for non-point pollution source should be sought in areas with high discharge load per unit area and high density of water pollution area. When level of drainage is high the pollution density level is relatively lower, and when the level of drainage is low the density level is relatively higher. The level of pollution from non-point pollution source is much lower with more water flowing through. The possible non-point pollution source areas that were selected with these standards were then examined with the distance from the river, the slope angle, land usage, elevation, BOD discharge density load, T-N discharge density load, T-P discharge density load, and were given a level one through five. Out of the possible areas Nonsan-si Yeonmu-eup Anshim-li was the densest area, and it was given level one. The level one area should be examined further with the field analysis to be selected as the actual management area for non-point pollution source.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1060-1069
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• 2002

High insulin level is known to be a risk factor of coronary heart disease. High insulin level with normal glycemic control is known to be an indicator for insulin resistance. This study was aimed to find out the influencing factors for the fasting serum insulin levels in elderly females with normal glycemic control. One hundred thirty-eight older females aged over 60 years without diabetes medication and high blood HBA1c level were examined on the serum fasting insulin concentration, anthropometry and asked about nutrient intake and exercise habits. The elderly were categorized into 3 group according to the fasting insulin level. The high insulin group was in a state of hyperinsulinemia. Except vitamin C, the nutrient intakes showed no difference according to fasting serum insulin level. But the intakes of calorie and protein per kg body weight were significantly lower in the high insulin group. The intakes of most nutrients except vitamin B$_1$, C and niacin were lower than the korean RDA in all the insulin group. Especially, the intakes of vitamin B$_1$ and Ca were below 75% of the korean RDA. Weight, BMI, body fat percent, body fat mass and fat-free mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR of elderly females were significantly higher in the group with the highest insulin level. The body fat percent in the highest insulin group was 35.8%. showing a state of obesity. The high insulin group showed higher proportion of low exercise frequencies per week and short exercise duration. Therefore, the mean energy expenditure for exercise were lower in this group, showing a state of very low exercise activity. Age and waist circumference in elderly females could explain to the 14.5% variances of the fasting insulin level according to multiple stepwise regression. It can be concluded that aging and central body fat deposition influence independently the serum fasting insulin level in elderly females with normal glucose level.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2017

This study investigated the latent groups depending on married working women's work-family spillover. The effects of factors that determine mental health subgroups and differences were also analyzed. Mixture modeling was applied to the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families to achieve the research objectives. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were four subgroups that could be defined according to the work-family spillover: mid-level spillover group (mid-positive and mid-negative spillover group), high-level spillover group (high-positive and high-negative spillover group), low-level spillover group (low-positive and low-negative spillover group), and high-negative and low-positive spillover group. Second, the results of mixture regression analysis to test the effect of eco-system variables showed that age, academic background, non-traditional family value, number of children, work hours, wage income, and availability of the maternity leave were significant determinants of the latent groups. The probability of classifying in the high-negative and low-positive spillover group increased when women showed a lower academic background and wage income, higher number of children and older age, and longer work hours than others. Third, the high-level spillover group, and the high-level spillover group showed the lowest stress and the lowest depression; however, the low-level spillover group reported the highest stress and the highest depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions were discussed based on the results.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.437-450
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• 2004

This study was conducted with two objectives ; one was to select the suitable soybean cultivars for cultivation in paddy field and the other was to establish the environment-friendly rotational cropping system of soybean instead of rice in paddy field. In order to evaluate growth adaptation and yields, Eve soybean cultivars were cultivated in Yeoncheon, Keonggi province, with two cultivation methods such as level row and high ridge. Growth of the top plants, such as stem length, number of branches, diameter of stem, were higher in high ridge than in level row, however, the differences among the cultivars were bigger than those between the cultivation methods. Dry weight of top plant was significantly different among the cultivars during whole growth stages, however, it was higher in level row than in high ridge at V5 stage while it became higher in high ridge as growth progressed. Roots were more developed in high ridge than in level row during whole growth stages. T/R ratio in level row was higher than that in high ridge. During whole growth stages, significant differences were observed among the cultivars in growth and yields in each cultivation method and yields of Eunhakong was the highest. In results, number of nodules and T/R ratio at V5 stage, number of pods at R2 stage, and number of seeds and T/R ratio at R5 stage had highly correlated with yields, respectively.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.57-76
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderate effects of self monitoring and the ways of thinking on the relationships and the moderate effects of brand credibility and brand attachment on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and the customer attitude holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. To accomplish these purposes, this research divided negative information about a brand into corporate ability and corporate social responsibility. In addition, research also divided product type into functional product and symbolic product. participants are classified as having Low or High self monitoring. and the ways of thinking divided into holistic and analytic on the relationships between the negative information about a brand and customer attitude. The following are the summary of hypothesis test: (1)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (2)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking are more likely to reveal high level of preference for negative information of corporate ability. (3)the consumers with low(high) level of self monitering are more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional product. (4)the consumers with analytic(holistic) ways of thinking aren't more likely to reveal high level of preference for functional(symbolic) product.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to clarify the tendency of impulse buying behavior and the consumer psychological characteristic factors which arouse impulse purchase and the difference in exploratory behavior according to the degree of impulse buying behaviors. For this purpose existing studies on impulse buying behaviors, consumer stimulation levels and exploratory behaviors were theoretically reviewed. And field survey was carried out for this study; 353 women impulse consumers were selected by convenience sampling method. The summarized main results of this study are as follows; 1) In relative perspectives, the consumers who has high degree of impulse buying behavior was favor of sensory buying behavior but, was lack of planned and rational buying behaviro. 2) The optimal stimulation level of high-impulse consumers is higher than that of low-impulse consumers. Especially, optimal stimulation level of impulse consumers is significantly higher than their life-style stimulation level. This means that impulse consumers are consider to a stimulation seeker. 3) The high-impulse consumers have high exploration through shopping, high information seeking behavior, high interpersonal communication level, high risk taking behavior and particulary high sensory exploratory patterns in purchase exploratory behaviors than that of low-impulse consumers.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1969

To investigate the radiation effect of P-32 on the soybean plants, the seeds treated with various levels of P-32 solution were sown and cultured in the pots. The growth of the plants and the contents of the macroelements were observed and the following results were obtained. 1) The linear growth of the plants at the early stage seemed to have been promoted by the low-level P-32 treatemnt. At the later growing stage, however, this difference among treatments were less conspicuous. 2) The plants of high level P-32 application showed some growth damaging symptom at the early growing stage. Later this damage was recorded as the time went on and these plants showed even better growth than the control. As a result at the late growing stage, they ensued highest growth. 3) The plants showed in general more growth at the low activity level than at the high-level at the early growing stage. At the late stage, however, the high-level activity promoted more growth than the low-level. 4) At the early growing stage P-32 treatment produced in general significantly more lower than control. At the later stage, however, this difference was not clearly seen. 5) The P-32 treatment seemed to have stimulated earlier florescence and this tendency was more clearly observable eapecially at the high activity level. 6) The weight of the air-dried seeds tended to be increased through P-32 treatment by 10-45%. This tendency was clearly observed especially at the low-level activity. 7) As for the contents of the various macroelements in the leaves, the nitrogen showed significantly larger contents at the middle level(S1) P-32 treatments. The phosphorous contents showed also highest at the middle levels activity and lower both at the high and low-activity levels. The potassium contents was proved, on the contrary, higher at the low-level activity and lower at the high-level. 8) The nitrogen contents in the stems was found significantly higher than control, except at the low-activity level. The phosphorous showed higher contents at the low-activity level and no significant difference at the high-activity level. As for the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium, three seemed no significant difference among treatments. However, the magnesium showed somewhat higher content at the low-activity level, whereas the calcium was proved high than control. 9) The inorganic contents in the root showed that N and P in the P-32 treated plant were significantly higher than the control and the K-contents was, on the contrary, significantly higher at the control than the rest of the treatments. As for the calcium and magnesium there showed no difference among all treatments.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2015

This study empirically investigated the relationships among organizational culture, target costing, knowledge management activities, and corporate innovations. The results of this study showed that innovative and supportive culture positively affects the adoption degrees of target costing. According to the results, it was observed that target costing as well as innovative and supportive culture have a positive impact on levels of knowledge management activities(i.e., knowledge creation, sharing, storage, and application). It was also demonstrated that organizational culture has an indirect effect on activation of knowledge management activities through target costing. Thus, to enhance knowledge management activities, target costing must be aligned with appropriate types of organizational culture. In examining the impact of knowledge management activities on the frequencies of product and process innovations, no significant effect was found. Additional analyses that compare across three groups(i.e., low level group, middle level group and high level group in knowledge management activities) and between two groups(i.e., between high level group and middle level group or between high level group and low level group) were performed. The results of comparison showed that the degrees of product and process innovations are highest in high level group, but no significant differences are found in the degrees of innovations between middle level group and low level group.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of the organizational level for the advancement of smart factory. We suggested three determinants of the organizational level such as CEO's entrepreneurship, high-involvement human resource management, and cooperative industrial relations. Design/methodology/approach - The population of our survey was manufacturing SMEs, and we took a sample and conducted a survey of 232 companies. Since the level of smart factory advancement, which is a dependent variable, was measured on an ordinal scale, ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Findings - The higher the level of high-involvement human resource management, the higher the level of smart factory advancement. As the level of high-involvement human resource management increases by one unit, the probability of smart factory advancement increases by 22.8%. On the other hand, the CEO's entrepreneurship did not significantly affect the level of smart factory advancement. Interestingly, the cooperative industrial relations negatively affected to the level of smart factory advancement, contrary to the hypothesis prediction. Research implications or Originality - This study explored determinants at the organizational level that affect the advancement of smart factories. Through this, various implications are presented for related research and policy fields.