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Effect of Nonwoven Fabrics Weight on the Growth, Quality and Yield of Oriental Melon (Cucumis melo L. var makuwa Mak.) (보온부직포 무게가 참외의 생육, 품질 및 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Yong-Seub;Yeon, Il-Kweon;Kim, Jwoo-Hwan;Park, So-Deuk;Kim, Byung-Soo
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nonwoven fabrics weight(Ounce) on growth, quality and yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makwa Mak.). Seedling of 'Gumssaragi-Eunchun' was grafted on 'Shinthozoa' root stock. In this study, The minimum air temperature in 6 ounce at night was $4.8^{\circ}C,\;6.9^{\circ}C$ in 9 ounce, $7.9^{\circ}C$ in 12 ounce and $8.0^{\circ}C$ in 15 ounce, respectively. Leaf length, stem diameter, leaf numbers, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight for 30 days after planting were better in high minimum air temperature at night than in low minimum air temperature, particularly leaf areas of the plant in 9 ounce was $370cm^2$ at 30 days after planting, $116\%$ in 12 ounce, $129\%$ in 15 ounce. The xylem exudates amount in 9 ounce for 24 hours just after basal stem abscission was 10.1mg. It was 1.2 times much in 12 ounce and 1.9times much in 15 ounce than in 9 ounce at 30 days after planting. The blooming of female was faster by 6 days in 15 and 12 ounce but was delayed by 3 days in 6 ounce than 9 ounce, and the days of blooming to harvesting were shorter by 3 days in 15 ounce and 4 days in 12 ounce but was delayed by 3 days in 6 ounce than in 9 ounce. Fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, flesh thickness, soluble solids, and total yield was the highest in 15 ounce followed by 12 ounce,9 ounce and 6 ounce. Fermented fruit rate was the highest in 6 ounce followed by 9 ounce, 12 ounce and 15 ounce, and marketable fruit rates were 15, 12, 9 and 6 ounce in order. Compared to 1,781kg yield per 10a of 9 ounce, $19\%\;and\;49\%$ was increased under 12 ounce and 15 ounce but $47\%$ were decreased 6 ounce.

A Study on the Fixed Forms and Adsorption of Phosphorus in Citrus Orchard Soil Derived from Volcanic Ash (제주도(濟州道) 감귤원(柑橘園) 토양(土壤)의 인산형태(燐酸形態) 및 흡착(吸着)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Hyeong-Ok
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.219-234
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    • 1974
  • A series of experiments was conducted to study the behavior of the phosphorus added to the soils having the high phorphorus fixing capacity derived from volcanic ash in Cheju Island. Soil samples were taken from different depths of 0-10, 10-30, and 30-50cm in six citrus orchards where heavy application of phosphate fertilizer has been practised. Various forms of phosphorus were determined and phosphorus adsorption experiments were performed. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The content of inorganic phosphorus fractions determined by the method of Chang and Jackson was: water soluble P

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A Match-Making System Considering Symmetrical Preferences of Matching Partners (상호 대칭적 만족성을 고려한 온라인 데이트시스템)

  • Park, Yoon-Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.177-192
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    • 2012
  • This is a study of match-making systems that considers the mutual satisfaction of matching partners. Recently, recommendation systems have been applied to people recommendation, such as recommending new friends, employees, or dating partners. One of the prominent domain areas is match-making systems that recommend suitable dating partners to customers. A match-making system, however, is different from a product recommender system. First, a match-making system needs to satisfy the recommended partners as well as the customer, whereas a product recommender system only needs to satisfy the customer. Second, match-making systems need to include as many participants in a matching pool as possible for their recommendation results, even with unpopular customers. In other words, recommendations should not be focused only on a limited number of popular people; unpopular people should also be listed on someone else's matching results. In product recommender systems, it is acceptable to recommend the same popular items to many customers, since these items can easily be additionally supplied. However, in match-making systems, there are only a few popular people, and they may become overburdened with too many recommendations. Also, a successful match could cause a customer to drop out of the matching pool. Thus, match-making systems should provide recommendation services equally to all customers without favoring popular customers. The suggested match-making system, called Mutually Beneficial Matching (MBM), considers the reciprocal satisfaction of both the customer and the matched partner and also considers the number of customers who are excluded in the matching. A brief outline of the MBM method is as follows: First, it collects a customer's profile information, his/her preferable dating partner's profile information and the weights that he/she considers important when selecting dating partners. Then, it calculates the preference score of a customer to certain potential dating partners on the basis of the difference between them. The preference score of a certain partner to a customer is also calculated in this way. After that, the mutual preference score is produced by the two preference values calculated in the previous step using the proposed formula in this study. The proposed formula reflects the symmetry of preferences as well as their quantities. Finally, the MBM method recommends the top N partners having high mutual preference scores to a customer. The prototype of the suggested MBM system is implemented by JAVA and applied to an artificial dataset that is based on real survey results from major match-making companies in Korea. The results of the MBM method are compared with those of the other two conventional methods: Preference-Based Matching (PBM), which only considers a customer's preferences, and Arithmetic Mean-Based Matching (AMM), which considers the preferences of both the customer and the partner (although it does not reflect their symmetry in the matching results). We perform the comparisons in terms of criteria such as average preference of the matching partners, average symmetry, and the number of people who are excluded from the matching results by changing the number of recommendations to 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25. The results show that in many cases, the suggested MBM method produces average preferences and symmetries that are significantly higher than those of the PBM and AMM methods. Moreover, in every case, MBM produces a smaller pool of excluded people than those of the PBM method.

Analyzing Mutual Relationships Between Nectar Plants and Butterflies for Landscape Design - Focusing on World Cup Park, Seoul - (나비와 흡밀식물과의 관계 분석을 통한 조경설계에의 활용방안 연구 - 서울 월드컵공원을 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Ji-Seok;Kang, Hyun-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, in order to select specialist butterfly species that inhabit Haneul and Noeul Parks, previously landfill areas, we verified the reciprocal relationships between nectar plants and butterflies. While we will design the butterfly habitats, this paper will provide the foundation data for selecting the plants. The completed survey indicated that there were a total of 5 families, 23 species and 1,129 individuals. Butterflies of the main action were feeding on nectar, and such behavior was 36% of the total actions. Therefore, these parks play an important role in butterflies feeding on nectar. The correlation between butterflies and the nectar plants' color was not significant; Therefore, it is not necessary to consider flower color when choosing plants to attract the butterflies. In addition, butterflies prefer naturalized plants for feeding on nectar. Thus, when creating butterfly habitats, there is no use in attracting the butterflies by classifying the naturalized plants and native plants. However, if some areas that are need to plant native plants such as Inkigofera pseudo-tinctoria, Lespedeza bicolor, Aster koraiensis make use it, there could be taken an advantage to attract the butterflies. According to the algebraic curve model of curve estimation regression analysis, we were able to classify the generalist species and specialist species by regression analysis. As a result, Colias erate, Artogeia rapae and Parnara guttata were classified as generalist species, where as Rapala caerulea, Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus were classified as specialist species. Rapala caerulea prefers hills and forest for its habitat; therefore, it is clearly distinct from Pieris melete, Zizera maha and Celastrina argiolus which prefer grassland for habitats. These results show that Rapala caerulea is high conservation value in a landfill area where is developing ecological succession from grasslands to wood lands. In conclusion, these research are able to contribute to select the target species and suitable species that consider a singularity between butterflies and nectar plants, when we are creating the butterfly habitats, moreover these research will contribute to maintain a stable habitats.

A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions (("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Jun-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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(A Scalable Multipoint-to-Multipoint Routing Protocol in Ad-Hoc Networks) (애드-혹 네트워크에서의 확장성 있는 다중점 대 다중점 라우팅 프로토콜)

  • 강현정;이미정
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.329-342
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    • 2003
  • Most of the existing multicast routing protocols for ad-hoc networks do not take into account the efficiency of the protocol for the cases when there are large number of sources in the multicast group, resulting in either large overhead or poor data delivery ratio when the number of sources is large. In this paper, we propose a multicast routing protocol for ad-hoc networks, which particularly considers the scalability of the protocol in terms of the number of sources in the multicast groups. The proposed protocol designates a set of sources as the core sources. Each core source is a root of each tree that reaches all the destinations of the multicast group. The union of these trees constitutes the data delivery mesh, and each of the non-core sources finds the nearest core source in order to delegate its data delivery. For the efficient operation of the proposed protocol, it is important to have an appropriate number of core sources. Having too many of the core sources incurs excessive control and data packet overhead, whereas having too little of them results in a vulnerable and overloaded data delivery mesh. The data delivery mesh is optimally reconfigured through the periodic control message flooding from the core sources, whereas the connectivity of the mesh is maintained by a persistent local mesh recovery mechanism. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves an efficient multicast communication with high data delivery ratio and low communication overhead compared with the other existing multicast routing protocols when there are multiple sources in the multicast group.

A Study on the Violation of Probation Condition Determinants between Sex Offenders and Non-Sex Offenders (성범죄자와 일반범죄자의 보호관찰 경고장 관련 요인 비교)

  • Cho, Youn-Oh
    • Korean Security Journal
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    • no.43
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    • pp.205-230
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    • 2015
  • This study aims to compare the differences of crucial factors that are associated with probation warning tickets between sex offenders and non-sex offenders in South Korea. Serious high-profile cases have occurred in recent years which resulted in public and political conners for successful sex offender management and monitoring strategy through community corrections. The official response has been to initiate a series of legislative probation and parole measures by using GPS electronic monitoring system, chemical castration, and sex offender registry and notification. In this context, the current study is designed to explore the major factors that could affect the failure of probation by comparing the differences between sex offenders and non-sex offenders in terms of their major factors which are related to the failure of probation. The failure of probation is measured by the number of warning tickets which would be issued when there is the violation of probation conditions. The data is obtained from Seoul Probation office from January, 29, 2014 to February, 28, 2014. The sample number of sex offenders is 144 and the number of non-sex offenders is 1,460. The data includes the information regarding the offenders who completed their probation order after they were assigned to Seoul Probation in 2013. Furthermore, this study uses the chi-square and logistic regression analysis by using SPSS statistical package program. The result demonstrated that only prior criminal history was statistically significant factor that was related to the number of warning tickets in the sex offender group when other variables were controlled($X^2=25.15$, p<0.05, Nagelkerke $R^2=0.23$)(b=0.19, SE=0.08, p<0.05). By contrast, there were various factors that were associated with the number of warning tickets in non-sex offender group. Specifically, the logistic regression analysis for the non-sex offenders showed that demographic variable(marital status and employment type), offender-victim relationships, alcohol addiction, violent behavior, prior criminal history, community service order, and attendance order were statistically significant factors that were associated with the odds of warning tickets. Further policy implication will be discussed.

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A Clinical Study of Tinnitus (耳鳴에 관한 임상적 연구)

  • Choi, In-Hwa
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.134-145
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    • 2001
  • Introduction: Noises in the ear, whether real or imagined, are called tinnitus. Subjective causes of tinnitus(which is heard only by the patient) are extremely common and the majority of them are treated conservatively. For certain individuals their tinnitus is a major handicap; for others a trivial concern. The most common from of subjective tinnitus is a rushing, hissing or buzzing noise; it is frequently associated with sensorineural heanng loss. The patient may be unaware of the hearing loss, especially if it is a high frequency deficit of moderate severity. The character of the tinnitus may give a clue to the etiology. But the patient often has difficulty in explaining his/her tinnitus in absolute terms, as they have no other tinnitus with which to compare it but their own Tinnitus, like pain, is a subjective state and trying to objectively assess the severity is problematic. Audiological techniques to match subjective loudness to machine-produced noise may offer some help, in that sound intensity matches can bear little correspondence to subjective complaint. In spite of many studies, most patients presently seen complaining of tinnitus are told by their doctors that there is no treatment and that they will have to learn to live with this symptom. Objectives: To perform a clinical analysis of tinnitus and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment according to the Byeonjeung(辨證). Subject: We studied 34 patients with complaints of tinnitus who had visited Pundang Cha Oriental Medicine Hospital Department of Otorhinolaryngology from March 1998 to February 2000. All of them had been treated 2 or 3 times a week with acupuncture treatment and had taken herbs according to the Byeonjeung(辨證) method. It was therefore possible for me to know whether their symptoms improved or not. Parameters Observed and Method: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometimes we gave them moxibustion or negative therapy with bloodletting at the acupuncture points(耳門, 聽宮, 聽會). Parameters Observed 1) Distribution of age & sex 2) Chief complaints 3) The sites of tinnitus 4) The quality of tinnitu 5) The duration of disease 6) The problem induced tinnitus 7) Factors increasing disease severity 8) The classification of the Byeonjeung(辨證) 9) The efficacy of treatments Results: 1. Age and sex distribution: The most common occurrence was found in males in their twenties: 6 males($17.7\%$), and in females in their thirties and over sixty: 8 females($23.5\%$). Total patient numbers for men and women were 20 men($58.8\%$), 14 women ($41.2\%$). 2. The most frequent major complaints were hearing disturbances related to tinnitus; and dizziness with tinnitus; each comprising 10 cases($29.4\%$). There were also 7 patients($20.6\%$) with only tinnitus. 3. Tinnitus sites: 13($38.2\%$) said that they felt tinnitus in both ears, equally. In the right ear, 9($26.5\%$), in the left, 6($17.7\%$). 4. The most frequent descriptive symptoms of tinnitus were: humming, hissing, buzzing etc. 5. The duration of disease. 14cases($41.2\%$) had a duration of less than 1 year. 6. 15cases($44.1\%$) complained that it was hard to watch TV or make a phone call because of tinnitus. 10 cases($29.4\%$) complained about depression. 7. Factors increasing severity of tinnitus: ⅰ) fatigue: 18cases($52.9\%$) ⅱ) stress/ tension: 10 cases($29.4\%$) ⅲ) alcohol and tobacco: 5cases($l4.7\%$) 8. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 19 cases($55.9\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. ⅱ) 15 cases($44.l\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The deficiency of Qi was 7($20.6\%$), deficiency of Xue, 8($23.5\%$) and insufficiency of the Kidney Yin & Yang, 4($11.8\%$). The flare of Liver fire was 8($23.5\%$) and phlegm-fire, 7($20.6\%$), 9. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 17cases($50.0\%$); no real improvement or changes in 13 cases($38.2\%$); and some worsening in 4 cases($11.8\%$). In the group with deficiency in Qi, 4($57.1\%$) improved, 1($14.3\%$) showed no change and 2($28.6\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of deficiency in Xue, 6($75.0\%$) improved, 2($25.0\%$) showed no change. In the cases of insufficiency of Kidney Yin & Yang, 3($75.0\%$) showed no change and 1($25.0\%$) were aggravated. In the group of flare of Liver fire, 4($50.0\%$) improved, 3($37.5\%$) no change and 1($12.5\%$) were aggravated. In the cases of phlegm-fire, 3($42.9\%$) improved, 4($57.1\%$) showed no change. Conclusion: We would recommend that any further studies of tinnitus utilize trial treatments of longer than 2 months duration, as any positive effects observed in our study showed that improvement occurred fairly slowly. And we suggest that this study could be utilized as a reference for clinical Oriental Medical treatment of tinnitus. If we try to apply music or sound therapy treatment properly combined with ours, we expect it to provide psycological stability in addition to inducing masking effects, even though it may not directly decrease or completely remove tinnitus.

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The influencing effect on E.Q. and personality that both sports activity & speciality aptitude activity in school-childhood can cause (학동기의 스포츠활동과 특기적성활동의 참가가 감성지수 및 성격특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee Han-Ki
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.140-156
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    • 2004
  • This study, to find whether a sports activity and a speciality aptitude activity in school-childhood can affect in forming E.Q, has been done in Gyoung-Nam area and Busan wide city with asked 222 of men and women being in their school-childhood and a group of 85 people who had not joined in such activity, using a E.Q testing paper provided by Dae-Gyo Education Corp,. and Seoul National University Educational Research Institute. Following is the results after analyzing the compiled datas. 1. The E.Q. level difference between people who joined, and who not joined in a sports action activity was reported existing, the total E.Q average of those who joined was resulted 212.6, a point 29.6 higher than those not joined of 183.0 ( p< .05). As for the E.Q causing points, it resulted that the points of the joined group is generally up than that of the non-joined group, especially this difference was remarkable in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.05) 2. Joining periods of sports activity did also have relation to develping E.Q. of school-childhood according to this research, the total E.Q points of a group joined in the activity more than 2 years was 215.5 points, which was 17.4 points higher than those not joined of 186.5 points ( p< .05). Backing again to E.Q causing points in this case, it resulted without exeption of all main causes that those who joined in more than 2 years are generally higher than that of those joined less than 2 years, especially the difference was regarded as big in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.01). 3. The E.Q. differnce between those joined in a specialty aptitude activity and not joined was studied existing, the total E.Q average points of those joined in a specialty aptitude activity was 207.8, a higher figure by 21.3 points than those not joined group of 186.5 ( p< .05). As for the E.Q causing points, it resulted without exeption of all main causes that those who joined are generally higher than that of those not joined, especially for feeling recognition or feeling control, this difference was more clear, a finding that deserves an attention ( p<.01). 4. It also resulted that E.Q growth depends on the periods to have joined in a speciality aptitude activity, for example, the total E.Q points of those joined in the activity more than 2 years was 217.1, a total more higher by 13.5 points than 203.6 of those not joined ( p< .05). For the E.Q. causing points, it, with the exception of empathy was resulted that those who joined in the speciality aptitude activity more than 2 years are generally higher than those joined less than 2 years, especially the difference is remarkable in terms of feeling recognition or feeling control, a finding that is also remarkable ( p<.05). 5. The E.Q difference between the men and women who joined in both activities of sports & speciality aptitude was found existing, the total E.Q. average for women was resulted 214.2 points, which was 9.2 points higher than men of 205.0. As for the E.Q. causing points, which, without exeption of main causes, women's was reported being high than that of men, in special is more remarkable in terms of feeling control, a finding that deserves an attention. ( p<.05).

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A Study of Industrial Patients from Selected General in the Kyung Pook and Taegu City areas (일부지역 산업재해환자 실태 조사 연구 -대구${\cdot}$경북지역 일부 종합병원 중심으로-)

  • Huh, Choon-Bok
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.151-174
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    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study is to research the actual conditions of industrial accident patients and to produce worker satisfaction and a rational and effective counter measure plan. Direct interviews with 179 cases (in and out patients) were carried out during a three month period from April to July 1990, at six hospitals : two general hospitals Sun Lin and Sung Mo in Po Hang, and four general hospitals in Taegu : Kyung pooh University Hospital, Dong San Medical Center, Young Nam Medical Center and Catholic Hospital. The results of this study are summarized as fellows : 1. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were male and $48.4\%$ were female. The two largest age groups were 30-39, $31.8\%$ and 20-29, $27.4\%$. Among the 179 cases, $51.6\%$ were married, the largest family number was 2 to 3, $41.1\%$ and 4 to 5, $25.6\%$. Educationally, graduation from high school was the largest group, $46.4\%$ among ,the patients, followed by middle school and primary school. The largest group income level was from 40-69 만원, $45.2\%$. The largest group of patients who worked over 50 hrs. a week was $52.0\%$. The largest group of patients who worked less than 1 year was $44.7\%$, of the patients in work places of less than 100 people, $60.3\%$ were injured and in work places of 100-299 people, $20.1\%$ were injured. In manufacturing, the largest group injured was $55.3\%$, the next group was transport, storage, communication. The largest group of production workers injured was $40.2\%$. 2. The cause of injury in the largest group was facility problems, $33.5\%$. The next group was unsafe habits, $30.2\%$ ; a lack of safety knowledge, $17.9\%$ ; and insufficient supervision, $12.3\%$. The 30-39 year age group head the highest number of injuries, $40.4\%$ ; work places with more than 10 years of work, $44.4\%$ ; work places with more than 1000 people, $56.3\%$ and mining accidents, $80.0\%$. Among. these groups the highest cause of injury was due to facility problems. 3. The accident pattern showed machinery injuries $28.5\%$ as the largest group, followed by falls & falling objects $17.3\%$, fire & electric $15.1\%$, strucke by an object $14.5\%$, followed by overaction and vehicular accidents. The accident pattern showed $46.4\%$ among workers over the 50 year age group, workers in the 5-10 year group, $50.0\%$ ; places employing more than 1000 workers, $35.3\%$ ; construction $73.7\%$, and construction workers $57.1\%$, among these fall & falling objects caused the greatest number of injuries. 4. The largest group of injuries was fractures $54.8\%$, trauma $14.5\%$, amputation $11.7\%$, open wound, and burns. The largest number of fractures occurred in people in the 30-39 year age group, $63.2\%$ : over 10 years of work, $55.0\%$ ; in work places of 300-490 people, $63.6\%$ ; construction $63.2\%$ and general workers $57.2\%$. 5. The largest group of injuries was upper extremity $45.3\%$, lower extremity $24.0\%$, trunk $18.5\%$ and head or neck $12.2\%$. Of these groups, upper extremity injuries were the highest in those less than 20 years old $75.0\%$, less than 1 year or work $59.5\%$, in work places of 500-999 people $60.0\%$, manufacturing $56.6\%$ and production workers $55.6\%$. 6. Periods of injury showed 34 people injured in September, to be the largest followed by October, 32 ; August, 22 people : July, 19 people and the lowest December, 2 people. During the week, Friday had the largest group injured, 35 people ; followed by Saturday, 26 people and the lowest was Wednesday, 17 people, During the day 1400 hours had the largest group injured, 38 people ; followed by 800 hours, 31 people. 7. On a basis of 5 as the highest mark, the average, according to worker satisfaction showed facility safety 3.55, work environment 3.47, income 3.44, job 3.21 and treatment 2.98. 8. The correlation between general characteristics and injury showed that age was directly correlated to the duration of work (r=2591) p<0.01, age was directly correlated to industry (r=2311) p<0.01, and the duration was directly correlated to occupation (r=4372) p<0.001.

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