• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this report was to provide the information packaging of herbal medicines by analyzing papers. We investigated the packaging materials, packaging methods and expiration date of herbal medicines by analyzing papers of the Korea, Japan and China. Methods : We survey herbal medicine-related law and crude drug monograph of compendium in each three country, we purchased herbal medicine of the Korea, Japan and China in the market and verify the expressed-item in packing paper. In case of Japan, we examine packaging materials, packaging methods, and expiration date of herbal medicine in pharmaceutical company. Results : The pharmaceutical company in japan used the methods of nitrogen gas pouring, vacuum packing for the herbal medicine packaging. The expiration date of the herbal products in Japan is generally 3 to 5 year after packaging. And packaging materials were aluminium and polyethylene. In Korea, pharmaceutical company used airtight packing for the herbal medicine packaging and expiration date of the herbal product were generally 3 year after packaging. Packaging materials were polyethylene, nylon or polyethylene-nylon mixed materials. In China, pharmaceutical company also used airtight packing for the herbal medicine packaging, and the expiration date were generally 5 year after packaging. Packaging materials were polyethylene, wrapping paper-used parcel or tea leaves filter paper. Conclusion : This results can present the basic data for expiration date and preservation methods of the herbal roots in Korea.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the different preferences between herbal medicine and health functional food, and analyze the reasons for the preferences to figure out the better way of promoting herbal medicine. Methods: 500 questionnaires has been handed out to the parents having elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires has been collected and evaluated for this study. Results: Among the 331 responses, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects who consume health supplements and that of herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The preference rate for the health supplements was 57.6%, and for herbal medicines was 42.4%. The major reason of taking the health supplements was that they were convenient to consume(54%). The major reason for choosing herbal medicines was that people 'expect them to be more effective'(72.7%). However, the problem with Herbal medicine was their consumptions were inconvenient (39.8%), and their tastes was unfavorable. The most preferable form of herbal medication was pills(50.6%), followed by syrup(22.9%). Pertinent price for herbal medication, the participants were favorable to pay 30,000 within a week. For the question on when to start taking the herbal medication, 18 months after was the popular answers from the participants. Conclusions: Among the 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than that of consuming the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). Also the preference was higher than the Herbal Medicine. The reason why the participant preferred health supplements was that they were 'easy to take', The reason for subjects' great preference in herbal medicine was based on their conception that herbal medicines were highly effective. When taking herbal medicine, participants addressed inconvenience in consuming, and unfavorable taste as the biggest problems. Also they thought that pills would be most convenient form of herbal medicine to consume. For the proper price, they were willing to pay less than 30000won, lower than a market price, per a week for the herbal medicine. Most parents thought that proper age of taking herbal medicine is ' 18 month after the birth'. Taking these into account, different perspectives on herbal medicine is necessary at the very moment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic information for the trend of individual-authorization on functional food materials in Korea to side of Korean medicine. Methods: Approval of materials for individual-authorized functional food in Korea was analyzed from 2004 to August 2015 using database from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), regarding the kinds of function, materials and their functional level by year. Results: Korean functional food market has rapidly grown to 1.56 trillion Won in 2014, with about 10% of annual growth rate. In particular, the increase of individual-authorized functional food is worth of notices, in detail 313 kinds of functional materials covering 31 body functions have been approved by August 2015. 15.7% of individual-authorized functional foods have used the herbal materials. This quantitative and qualitative expansion of functional foods, especially of individual-authorized functional foods, will affect the herbal drug industry negatively. Conclusion: This study figured out the current pattern of material approval for individual-authorized functional food in Korea, which would be essential in development of strategies by Korean medicine community in order to overcome such conditions.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Objectives : In this report, we were studied the current status and future about cultivation of medicinal plants in Japan. Methods : To analysis the management and production of medicinal crops in Japan, variation of importation and cultivation of four medicinal crops such as Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, Cnidium officinale Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$) were investigated. Also we analyzed the herbal drug market in Japan using literature. Results : In the results, cultivated area and amount of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas reduced more than 50% within 22 years ($1981{\sim}2002$). Production decrease of medicinal crops is alloting through contract production in China. The cultivation of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino is enforcing minimum procluction for seed security. Conclusion : We hope that this report stimulates research to investigate for the establishment of cultural practices in Korea.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : The consumption of licorice is large in Korea, but domestic production is insufficient due to the lack of adaptability. This study aimed to provide a morphological basis for adding interspecific hybrid licorice with improved adaptability to pharmacopoeia. Methods : This study was to establish identification criteria for the original plants, external and internal morphology of the authentic herbal medicines (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata), market products and artificially interspecific hybrid forms of licorice. For this purpose, previous studies were investigated and visual and histological observations were carried out. We focused on the internal morphology by microscopic observation for securing objectivity. Finally, we proposed the identification keys for precise classification of each part. Results : 1) Original plant : Licorice species in the compendium were distinguished by the number of leaflets, presence of hair on the fruit, curvature and swelling of the fruit. 2) External morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by degree of powderiness, tearing gap, radial structure in the cross section and existence of protrusion of outer epidermis. 3) Internal morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by the degree of development of phloem fiber bundle, development of obliterated sieve, whether the secondary medullary ray are branched. In the case of interspecific hybrids, the characteristics of both species used for hybridization were mixed in all observation methods. Conclusions : These results suggest that the interspecific crossbred licorice is suitable for the pharmacopoeial standard. Therefore, it can be applied as a herbal medicine through additional supplementary study.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2016

Background: The public has increasing concerns about herbal crops owing to insufficient information on biological hazards such as foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study is the development of a herbal crop quality control system through monitoring with biological hazard analysis. Today, it is estimated that millions of people become ill every year from food contamination. The public demands agricultural products of stable and consistent quality. Governments have the responsibility of establishing the standards, legislation and enforcement programs necessary to control food quality and safety. However, research on the biosafety of herbal crop products is still insufficient. Therefore, the implementation of monitoring systems with high standards is critical for public safety. Methods and Results: In this study, we collected 52 samples of herbal crop products, and conducted both quantitative and qualitative biological hazard analysis. With biological hazard analysis, aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms, and Listeria spp. could be detected. Conclusions: Herbal crops were found to be contaminated with aerobic bacteria at $3.69{\pm}0.32log\;CFU/g$. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Coliforms, and Listeria spp. were not detected in any of the samples. This research suggests that continuous monitoring of biological hazards is required to improve the quality of herbal crops.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to present trends and contents of herbal Korean Medicine patches by analyzing the herbal patches in Korean patents. Methods : Electronic search for herbal patch patents was conducted in KIPRIS (Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service). Korean patents that were registered by January 1, 2018 were selected in study. Patents that were not using herbal medicine or not related to patch were excluded in this study. The applicant, application date, International Patent Classification (IPC), contents and adhesive site of patches, target diseases, model of experiment and extraction methods were analyzed. Results : A total of 17 patents were included in this study. In applicant analysis, 61.5% of applicants were corporations. All IPCs in patents were involved in Section A (Human necessities & Agriculture) and 66.7% of IPCs were A61K (Preparations formedical, dental, ortoiletpurposes). In types of patch, 8 patents were hydrogel patches (47.1%), followed by 3 heating patches (17.6%). Skin related symptoms were the most targeted diseases (52.9%), Human was the most used model in experiments. Solvent extraction and hot water extraction were used frequently, and some patents had no limit for extraction were also existed. Conclusions : The study results will be helpful to diversify formulation of herbal medicine, to expand market scale of patent and to develop new application using Korean medicine. In order to establish sufficient data for utilizing patent technologies, more patent studies providing analyzed patent information are needed.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify attitude, treatment and quality control of Oriental medicines and to find the influencing factors affecting them. Methods : We made a survey of 213 people who work in the field of Oriental medicine in Daegu. A survey on attitudes about treatment, and quality control of Oriental medicines was conducted by mail. The data was analyzed by SPSS. Results : The survey results showed that most common purchase place for Oriental medicine was a wholesale market (67.0%). Storage of Oriental medicine was mostly in warehouse (61.4%) without temperature controls. Subjects expressed necessity for quality control (100%), legal controls (96.2%), grading according to quality (95.7%), and standardization of Oriental medicine (90.6%) at a high rate. Conclusions : These results showed that subjects were interested in quality control of Oriental medicine to ensure safety.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

A survey was conducted to investigate the attitudes of pharmaceutical companies toward the status and permission of R & D of herbal products. The survey's results showed that some of them(42.9%) was conducting the R&D, and others(57.1%) were not conducting. As the results of analysis on the reason of R&D conducting, some of them(42.3%) answered that R&D of herbal products is more effective and powerful than these of synthetic products. And 23.1% answered that the cost of R&D is low and the time required is short. And another 23.1% answered that it has marketability and competitive power. As the results of analysis on the marketability of herbal products in Pharmaceutical Market, most of them(78.6%) answered that it seems enough. As the result of the comparison of synthetic drug and herbal products, the proportion of R&D investment on herbal products was lower than synthetic products in the preclinical study, the first clinical study and the second clinical study, and higher than in the third clinical study and the NDA. And the periods of R&D was long in most procedure except synthesis of new materials. As the results of analysis on the recognition of related regulation, most of them(73%) was yes. And 35.2% of the subjects thinks it enough.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.277-296
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• 2024

Objective : Dyspepsia is one of the most common ailments among Koreans, leading to a continuously expanding market for liquid digestive solutions. These products are popular due to their convenience and low risk of side effects. However, there is a lack of research on the basic prescription composition of these ingredients and their precise indications according to Korean Medicine. Methods : Drugs were selected from the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service website (http://www.health.kr), focusing on oral and liquid products classified under the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's category of stomach and digestive aids (category 233). Frequency analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence and combinations of herbal ingredients within each product. Additionally, the four properties and five flavors of each product were calculated using their herbal ingredient composition ratios, and Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to verify the linear relationships between the composition ratios of the ingredients. Results : A comparative analysis of 33 liquid digestive medicines revealed that Zingiberis Rhizoma was the most frequently used herb. The most common dual-herb combination was Zingiberis Rhizoma and Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and the most prevalent tri-herb combination was Zingiberis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and Cinnamomi Cortex. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a strong positive correlation between the composition ratios of Zingiberis Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex. The analysis of four properties and five flavors indicated that products with warm and bitter flavors were the most common. Conclusions : The most frequently used herbal combination in liquid digestive solutions was Zingiberis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and Cinnamomi Cortex. This composition is suitable for treating dyspepsia caused by cold-dampness in the digestive system.