• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1072-1078
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• 2018

Purpose: The Korean society has moved rapidly toward becoming a multicultural society. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses and investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypic diversity in female marriage immigrants. Materials and Methods: Screening program was conducted at support centers for multicultural families in 21 administrative districts in Korea between July 2011 and January 2017. A total of 963 female marriage immigrants were included in this study. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis viral markers and HBV genotype. Results: Subjects' median age was 33 years (20-40 years), and they originated from nine countries including Vietnam (n=422, 43.8%), China (n=311, 32.3%), the Philippines (n=85, 8.8%), Cambodia (n=58, 6.0%), and Japan (n=39, 4.0%). About 30% (n=288) of subjects required hepatitis A vaccination. HBsAg positive rate was 5.4% (n=52). Positive HBsAg results were the highest in subjects from Southeast Asia (6.6%, n=38). Anti-HBs positive rate was 60.4% (n=582). About 34% (n=329) of subjects who were negative for anti-HBs and HBsAg required HBV vaccinations. Genotypes B and C were found in 54.6% (n=12) and 45.4% (n=10) of the 22 subjects with HBV, in whom genotypes were tested. Eight (0.8%) subjects were positive for anti-HCV. Positive anti-HCV results were the highest in subjects from Central Asia (7.9%, n=3). Conclusion: Testing for hepatitis viral marker (hepatitis A virus IgG and HBsAg/anti-HBs) is needed for female marriage immigrants. Especially, HBV genotype B is different from genotype C of Koreans. Therefore, interest and attention to vaccination programs for female marriage immigrants are necessary for both clinicians and public health institutes.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

목 적: 소아에서 발생하는 급성 간염 중 많은 빈도를 차지하는 비-A, B, C 바이러스성 간염의 원인과 간염의 임상적 특징 및 경과에 대한 임상 양상에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 1월부터 2004년 6월까지 부산대학교병원 소아과에서 급성 간염으로 진단된 환자 중 독성, 대사성, 자가 면역성 간염과 신생아 간염은 제외하고 A형, B형, C형의 간염 바이러스 표지자 검사에서 음성 판정을 받은 총 45명의 환아를 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 원인 및 임상적 특징을 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 45명 중 원인 불명의 바이러스성 간염이 26명(57.8%)이었고, CMV 간염이 14명(31.1%), EBV와 HSV 간염이 각각 2명(4.4%), RV 간염이 1명(2.2%)이었다. 2) 남녀비는 1.8 : 1 이었고, 1세 이하가 27명(60.0%)이었다. 3) 여름에 환자 발생이 18명(40.4%)으로 가장 많았고, 동반 증상으로는 발열 13명(28.9%), 오심 또는 구토 12명(26.7%), 황달 10명(22.2%), 설사 8명(17.8%)의 순으로 많았다. 4) 신체 검사에서 간종대가 15명(33.3%), 공막 및 피부 황달 10명(22.2%), 비종대 9명(20.0%)이었다. 5) 임상 경과는 전형적인 급성 간염이 43명(95.6%), 전격성 간염이 2명(4.4%)이었으며, 한 명은 간부전으로 사망했다. 6) 혈청 ALT의 최고치는 $488.7{\pm}771.9IU/L$였고, 원인 불명의 간염이 $606.2{\pm}962.2IU/L$로 비교적 높았다. 7) 혈청 ALT는 2년 동안 경과 추적이 가능했던 38명 중 31명(81.6%)이 6개월 이내에, 4명(10.5%)이 1년 이내에 정상화되었다. 3명(7.9%)이 1년 이상 증가되었지만, 1년 6개월 이내에 모두 정상화되었다. 8) 혈액학적 이상으로 백혈구 증가증이 17명(47.2%)이었고, 재생 불량성 빈혈, 비정형적 림프구증가증, 혈소판 감소증이 각각 1명(2.8%) 있었다. 결 론: 비-A, B, C형 바이러스성 간염은 대부분 예후가 양호하나, 임상적으로 만성 간염의 경과를 보인 경우도 있고 전격성 간염으로 진행한 경우가 있으므로 면밀한 관찰이 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections and determine the associated risk factors among young adults in Busan, Korea, which is known to have a high incidence of liver cancer. Methods : The study population consisted of volunteer participants in a health survey during 2002, which included 1,350 students (515 males and 835 females) aged between 16 and 24 years, from three different schools in Busan. The participating students were asked to fill in a self-administered questionnaire which included lifestyle habits and risk factors of hepatitis. Sera obtained from the participants were studied for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and Anti-HCV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method and for liver function tests. Results : Among the study subjects (N=1,350), the seropositivities of HBsAg 7.9%(95% CI=7.8-8.0), 7.6%(95% CI=7.6-7.7) in male and 8.1%(95% CI=8.0-8.2) in female. And the seropositivity of Anti-HBs was 69.7%(95% CI=69.0-70.4), 70.5%(95% CI=69.8-71.2) in male and 69.2%(95% CI=68.5-69.9) in female. The seropositivity of Anti-HCV was 0.4%, 0.2% in male and 0.5% in female. The seropositivity for HBsAg in the subjects not having a hepatitis B vaccination history was twice(95% CI=1.0-4.4) that of those that did. Also, the seropositivity for HBsAg in subjects having experienced sexual intercourse was 1.7 times (95% CI=0.9-3.0) that of the subjects who had not. Conclusions : The present study confirmed the high prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity and sexual transmission of HBV among adolescents and young adults may occur. Further studies to evaluate the relationship between HBV vaccination and sexual transmission are required for the young population in Korea.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.18-18
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• 2003

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become a major public health issue and is prevalent in most countries. HCV infection starts frequently without clinical symptoms, and progresses in the majority of patients (70 to 85％) to persistent viremia and chronic hepatitis including cirrhosis and hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) [1]. Alcohol is one of the independent cofactors accelerating the development of HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients. This is of great interest because a synergy between excessive alcohol intake and HCV infection has been documented in the development of HCC in chronic hepatitis C patients [2]. The aim of this study is to investigate liver changes in ethanol feeding HCV-transgenic (Tg) mouse and to establish an animal model system. (omitted)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

HCV의 가족 내 집단 감염은 드물게 발생하며 배우자에서 감염의 위험이 가장 높고 수직 감염의 빈도는 매우 낮게 보고되고 있다. 저자들은 환자와 환자의 어머니, 외할머니, 이모, 이종 사촌 언니에서 HCV 감염이 확인되어 가족 구성원의 50%가 HCV에 감염된 극히 드문 가족 내 집단 감염을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2485-2490
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• 2016

The liver is one of the most common sites of cancer in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predominating. HCC is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death overall. Hepatitis C is a major risk factor and HCV is a rapid spreading virus which has become a problem globally, including in Pakistan. Interferon alpha therapy is used against HCV disease to regulate cell reproduction and to boost the immune system. In minute amounts interferon alpha is produced naturally by the immune system in HCV patients in response to hepatitis C virus and binds to receptors in the target cells and starts transcription of 20-30 genes due to which it develops an antiviral influence. Interferon is also administered artificially to overcome HCV disease and remove the biological effect of the virus from the infected site. The use of interferon or Peg-IFN plus Ribavirin treatment is also associated with adverse effects on body. For the current study, a convenient sample of 156 HCV positive patients of both males and females were taken. To collect blood CP and ALT, a reduction of level data and other important information were collected from the patients at regular intervals. Findings were 11.4 % in the red blood cells (RBC), 9.64 % in the total leukocyte count (WBC), 8.4 % in the hemoglobin levels (HB), 30.3 % in the platelet (Plt) count in both sexes. There was significant reduction in ALT levels due to Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy. Hence strict haemotological monitoring of blood CP and ALT levels is necessary at regular intervals to reduce severe side effects which may lead to morbidity and mortality.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
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• pp.28-33
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• 2003

Over 100 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of hepatitis C virus (HCV)(1). Chronic viral infections of the liver can prouess to cirrhosis, which may ultimately lead to hepatic failure or the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. There are a limited number of antiviral drugs on the market approved fur clinical management of chronic HCV infections; interferon-alpha (IFN$\alpha$) and the nucleoside analog ribavirin. However, whether used as monotherapy or in combination, adverse side-effects are associated with each drug and better therapeutic regimens are needed. (omitted)

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.228-237
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• 2002

Acute hepatitis is caused by virus, alcohol. toxins and drugs. Clinical symptoms of acute hepatitis are severe fatigue, jaundice, nausea, hepatomely, lymphadenopathy. We encountered two cases of acute hepatitis, one C type viral hepatitis and the other hepatitis by overuse of medicine. The symptoms of the latter are severe fatigue, petechia and heartburning. The symptoms of the latter are severe fatigue, nausea, dyspepsia, yellow urine and skin. We recognized that total bilirubin. direct bilirubin, serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase were elevated. We treated both patients with herb medicine(Gagamsaenggan-tang). Gagamsaenggan-tang has been used to hepatic diseases and have been known to have beneficial effects. The patients' symptoms began to improve after about two weeks of treatment. After 3 weeks on medication, the clinical symptoms and liver function of two patients were improved.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2008

Viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor VIII concentrates from human plasma. With particular regard to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor VIII concentrate. The loss of factor VIII activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor VIII compared with those of the factor VIII before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor VIII was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV, murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Bovine herpes virus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. However porcine parvovirus (PPV) was slightly resistant to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\geq}5.55$ for HAV, ${\geq}5.87$ for EMCV, ${\geq}5.15$ for HIV, 6.13 for BHV, 4.46 for BVDV, and 1.90 for PPV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor VIII concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid-enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

CD8+T cells are key factors mediating hepatitis B virus (HBV) clearance. However, these cells are killed through HBV-induced apoptosis during the antigen-presenting period in HBV-induced chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Interferon-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) delays type I interferon-induced apoptosis in cells. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IFI6 could affect the chronicity of CLD. The present study included a discovery stage, in which 195 CLD patients, including chronic hepatitis B (HEP) and cirrhosis patients and 107 spontaneous recovery (SR) controls, were analyzed. The genotype distributions of rs2808426 (C > T) and rs10902662 (C > T) were significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (odds ratio [OR], 6.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64 to 26.52, p = 0.008 for both SNPs) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). The distribution of diplotypes that contained these SNPs was significantly different between the SR and HEP groups (OR, 6.58; 95% CI, 1.63 to 25.59; p = 0.008 and OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.61; p = 0.008, respectively) and between the SR and CLD groups (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.25 to 15.26; p = 0.021 and OR, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.18 to 14.44; p = 0.027, respectively). We were unable to replicate the association shown by secondary enrolled samples. A large-scale validation study should be performed to confirm the association between IFI6 and HBV clearance.