• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.436-441
• /
• 2009

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium sources on growth and yield of strawberry 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' in fertigation culture. The plant fresh and dry weight were higher in urea + potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate + potassium sulfate as nitrogen and potassium sources than others in both varieties. But there were no significant difference among nitrogen and potassium sources in other growth characteristics, such as plant height, no. of leaf, crown diameter etc. Also, the marketable yield of fruit were higher in urea + potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate + potassium sulfate in 'Seolhyang' than other treatments. 'Maehyang' was better in both treatments but there was no significant difference. The fruit qualities, such as total soluble solid, hardness, acidity, vitamin C content were not significant difference among the treatments. The acidity of soil was tended to decrease but EC was tended to increase highly in ammonium sulfate treatments as a nitrogen source. As above results, the urea and potassium sulfate were recommended as nitrogen and potassium sources for the fertigation culture of strawberry 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.194-206
• /
• 1998

In 1977, Local governments' planting regulations for the development projects were established in accordance with the revised building law in Korea. A landscaped area, planting densities of trees and shrubs, a percentage of evergreen plants, minimum tree size and species were prescribed in the planting regulations. But the clauses for an excessive planting density and a high ratio of evergreen trees that the regulations includes, have been gradually in the way to a creative planting design, and raise a problem of poor growth of trees an a disordered planting landscape. Therefore, in this study the present planting regulations of 124 local governments throughout the country were analyzed and compared with 13 foreign local governments' of 4 countries ; Japan, the United States of America, Canada and Singapore. And the linitations and characteristics of the regulations are drawn as follows ; 1. The regulations focus on controlling the green spaces and plantings by quantitative methods such as controlling the number of trees and the landscaped area, which are inadequate for estimating the crown coverage of mature trees, and which areinadequate for estimating the crown coverage of mature trees, and implementing the function of polantings and the use of green spaces. 2. Minimums of tree densities are higher than those of foreign countries, especially higher about 10 times to 100 times than those of the United States of America. 3.Excessive number of evergreen trees and fruit trees should be planted under the present planting regulations, that results in constricting the creativity in planting design. 4. An article for using specific tree size, 2.0ms over in height makes it difficult to use a wide variety of different sizes of trees. And there is no incentive measures when larger trees are planted. To enhance the quality of green spaces and plantings, it is needed that the function and locating of green spaces and plantings have to be emphasized, and the planting density should be concerned about the mature tree size. The incentive measure to use various sizes of trees is also needed, and the regulations to use excessive number of evergreen trees or fruit trees should be loosened.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.769-779
• /
• 2019

Chilli peppers are predominantly cultivated in open field systems under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Abiotic and biotic factors have a considerable effect on plant performance, fruit quantity, and quality. Chilli peppers grow well in a tropical climate due to their adaptation to warm and humid regions with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30℃. Nowadays, chilli peppers are cultivated all around the world under different climatic conditions, and their production is gradually expanding. Expected climate changes will likely cause huge and complex ecological consequences; high temperature, heavy rainfall, and drought have adverse effects on the vegetative and generative development of all agricultural crops including chilli peppers. To gain better insight into the effect of climate change, the growth, photosynthetic traits, morphological and physiological characteristics, yield, and fruit parameters of chilli peppers need to be studied under simulated climate change conditions. Moreover, it is important to develop alternative agrotechnologies to maintain the sustainability of pepper production. There are many conceivable ideas and concepts to sustain crop production under the extreme conditions of future climate change scenarios. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the adverse impacts of climate change and discusses how to find the best solutions to obtain a stable chilli pepper yield.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.502-511
• /
• 1997

This study was to Investigate the consumer's understanding and purchasing foods, which were produced by organic agricultured method. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When shopping foods, the items which were deeply considered were taste of family and food safety. 2 Contaminants which were considered to be dangerous were, in decreasing order, agricultural chemical residue, food additives, environmental contaminant, and microbial hazard. Consumer's perception to agricultural chemical residue In foods was 'be much serious' and over 4.0 by Likert 5 scale. 3. Among of characteristics which was associated with organic farmming foods, taste and nutrition were considered the least important characteristic, whereas safety and good health were considered the most important characteristic. 4. The foods which were thought to be polluted by agricultural chemical residue were, in decreasing order fruit, vegetable, cereal, egg, meat, milk, and fish & shellfish. 5. The respondants' purchasing degree for organic farmming foods was 'often purchase' and 3.44 by Likert 5 scale. These result showed significant difference for age(p＜0.05), for education level (p＜0.05), for income(p＜0.05) and for food expenditure(p＜0.05), respectively 6. The type of organic farmming food which frequently purchased were, in decreasing order, vegetable. fruit, egg, cereal, milk, and meat. The reasons why consumer purchased organic farmming food were, in decreasing order, no pesticide/therbicides, no artifical fertilizer, no growth regulators, residue free, and good quality. 7. 78% of respondants Indicated that they bought organic farmming food in this year increasely or same as last year and 91.9% of respondants Indicated that they plan to buy organic farmming foods in next year.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.204-207
• /
• 2005

A Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer occurred on Momordica charantia at Daesan-myon, Chang-won city, Gyeongnam province from 2003 to 2005. The disease usually started from wound on fruit with water-soaking lesions. The lesion rapidly expanded and softened. The fungal mycelia grew vigorously and sporangia, sporangiophores, and stolons were formed on surface of the fruit. Spoyangiophores were $15\~30{\mu}m$ in width. Sporangia were globose or hemispheric and $90\~180{\mu}m$ in size. The color of sporangia was white and cottony at first and turned to brownish black with many spores at maturity. Columella were hemispheric and $80\~150{\mu}m$ in size. Sporangiospores were irregular round or oval, brownish-black streaked and $7\~18{\times}6\~12{\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the fungus on PDA was $25^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to host plants, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenberg ex. Fr,) Lind. This is the first report of Rhizopus soft rot on M. charantia caused by R. stolonifer in Korea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.74-78
• /
• 2012

This research was carried out to investigate the shoot growth characteristics and climatic factors for early harvest and stable yield by greenhouse on mulberry ($Morus$ $alba$) in Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Budbreak and coloring date of mulberry in greenhouse were earlier 18~19 days than those in field, and from bud-break to coloring was 39 days in both cultivation types. Shoot length and fruit number per shoot of mulberry in greenhouse were not significantly different with those of field, but number of node was significantly little than that of field. For 39 days in greenhouse, weekly cumulative radiation were 0.3~0.8 times. But weekly cumulative temperature was not different with that of field. And relative humidity as range of 53.0~94.5% in greenhouse was higher than that of field. Therefore, mulberry is suitable to greenhouse cultivation for early harvest and stable yield.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2004

To establish a genetic relationships of collected Ganoderma strains, mycelium growth according to media and temperature, colony morphology, chlamydospore formation and fruitbody morphology were investigated. For the identification of optimal growth conditions of the strains, five different growth media and four different temperature were tested. GCM (Ganoderma complete medium) at $30^{\circ}C$ was the most effective for mycelial growth of 68 strains with more or less variation. The strains were divided into 28 groups based on their colony shapes, and most of them belong to CM3 or CM8 group. Chlamydospores were observed in the mycelia of 16 strains including ASI 7022 on microscope, but not in most G. lucidum domestic strains, which showed relatively lagging growth on $35^{\circ}C$ in mycelial growth experiment. These results were not similar to those of G. lucidum but those of G. tsugae imported from USA. The strains were cultivated on oak sawdust media to see their fruit body formation. Ninety-seven among 115 strains formed fruitbodies in sawdust cultivation. They showed two forms of fruitbodies, 89.7% of flat type or 10.3% of antler type, although these shapes can be affected by $CO_2$ concentrations. These results suggest that the native strains formerly considered to belong to G. lucidum have to be re-classified with further study.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.122-126
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate plant growth characteristics and anatomical studies of Korean mistel (Viscum album var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi). Parasite position was upper part that has a plenty of sunshine area 5 to 10m apart from the ground, regardless host tree. Stem developed two branch stems from the each basal stem, leaf was grown from the end stems as opposite. Fruit has a light yellow color and berry size was 7 to 8 mm long diameter and it contains seed. Floral bud differentiation initiated with forming rounded dome and arch-shaped floral apex at the beginning stage, and produced heart-shaped sepal following the differentiation of leaf primordia. Floral bud formation processed centeral part first and following bilateral sides were developed in order. Leaf was thick and stoma and guard cell were observed from the two or three inner layers from the epidermis. Mistletoe penetrated cork cambium of host plant and was growing by rooting on xylem. Korean mistel connected to host plant through parasitic organ, haustorium structurally and physiologically.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.25 no.4 s.83
• /
• pp.257-267
• /
• 1997

Fruit bodies similar to the Phellinus sp. residing on the mulberry were collected at Yang-yang in Kang-won-do province and one strain of Phellinus sp. was isolated from the fruit bodies. For mass production of the isolated mycelia in a submerged culture, the culture conditions, medium composition, and the effect of various culture systems on the mycelial growth, were investigated. The morphological characteristics of the fruit body were as follows: covered with blackish to black and rough, lower surface with yellowish-brown to dull-brown and smooth, 5-7 cm thick and hard woody. Also, the pure cultured mycelia showed yellowish-brown color, capability of purplish-brown pigment production on the PDA plate media, no-formation of clamp-connection, much binding branch, and enzyme activities such as laccase, tyrosinase and peroxidase. Therefore, pure cultured strain was identified to be Phellinus sp. In the flask culture, the optimum culture conditions for the mycelial production were obtained after cultivation of 8 days at inoculum level of 5%(v/v), media volume of 70 mL, 150 rpm, initial pH 6, and temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. Optimum medium composition from the response surface analysis were determined to be glucose 12.12 g/L, sucrose 12.12 g/L, yeast extract 11.15 g/L, malt extract 11.15 g/L, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.855 g/L and $CaCl_2$ 0.855 g/L. The production of the mycelia after 4 and 8 days of cultivation was 1.95 and 9.89 g/L, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate and productivity were $0.020\;hr^{-1}$ and 1.25 g/L/day, respectively. Among the three different culture systems for the growth of mycelia, the maximum mycelial dry weight of 7.5 g/L was obtained after cultivation of 4 days in the air-lift fermentor under aeration rate of 2.5 vvm. The maximum specific growth rate and productivity were $0.033\;hr^{-1}$ and 1.9 g/L/day, respectively, which were about 1.7 and 4.2 times higher than those of flask culture.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted for the domestic new cultivar to expand cultivation area and sustainable production. The new domestic cultivar, 'Jinok' and control cultivar, 'Campbell Early', had been investigated on vine growth and fruit quality by different cultivating conditions as open field, rain shelter and unheated plastic house. The growth period of 'Jinok' was faster than 'Campbell Early'. The harvesting date of 'Jinok' was on 13th of Aug. faster than 'Campbell Early' which was on 17th of Aug., and it was on 25th and 29th of Aug. for 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' on field cultivation, respectively. The growing length and width of new shoots were similar among the cropping systems. In the result of fruit characteristic evaluation, the soluble solids content of the 'Jinok' and 'Campbell Early' cultivating on the unheated plastic house were $15.4^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.9^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. In the open field condition, those were $15.9^{\circ}Brix$ and $15.8^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. The titratable acidity and chromaticity were similar among the treatments. In the appearance of past and disease, Phomopsis blight was occurred on mid of June and in the end of cultivation period on about early Aug., the damage by Phomopsis blight was the lowest about 14% in the unheated plastic house cultivation on the 'Jinok' cultivar and it was 39% in the open field condition. However, in the open filed cultivation for 'Campbell Early', Phomopsis blight was highly occurred about 49%. During this period, or the end of cultivation, it is necessary for the intensive control.