• Title/Summary/Keyword: growth ages

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The Possibility Assessment of Age Estimation of the Endangered Reeves' Turtle (Mauremys reevesii) Based on the Number of Growth Lines on Dorsal Scutes (등갑에 나타난 성장선에 근거한 멸종위기 종인 남생이(Mauremys reevesii)의 연령예측 가능성 평가)

  • Jung, Yu-Jeong;Kim, Il-Hun;Park, Daesik
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.970-976
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    • 2016
  • Determining age structure of the population of an endangered species is critical because it could provide basic information about population dynamics. In this study, we assessed the possibility if the growth lines on dorsal scutes of the national monument as well as endangered Reeves' turtle (Mauremys reevesii) can reliably estimate actual ages of the 100 turtles of which actual ages were known and have been housed in Seoul Zoo. We counted the number of growth lines on the first four dorsal scutes and the first left and right lateral scutes of each turtle and compared those with their known actual ages. Ages estimated by the growth lines were overestimated at between 1 and 5 actual ages, but underestimated at between 6 and 9 actual ages, indicating that age estimation using growth lines is only partially applicable at actual ages of less than 6 years old. In addition, using length and width of turtle's dorsal plates, we produced growth curves with equations to estimate actual ages of females combined with juveniles, but its application to estimate actual ages was not reliably possible because all subject turtles which used were at relatively young ages. In conclusion, when estimating actual ages of Reeves' turtles using the number of growth lines on the dorsal scutes, it is recommend to use minimum values at less than 6 lines, but use maximum values at more than 7 lines. As the first study which estimated actual ages of a turtle species using growth lines on the dorsal scutes in Korea, our results could be useful to estimate ages of the endangered Reeve's turtles in the field although its application might be limited.

A Study on the Somatotype Characteristics of Adolescent Girls between the Ages of 13 and 18 (13~18세 청소년기 여학생의 체형 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Sangmi;Kim, Sora
    • Human Ecology Research
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.513-522
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    • 2019
  • This study analyzes the characteristics of somatotype changes of girls from the ages of 13 to 18 that provide basic data on clothing construction for middle and high school girls. We use data obtained from body measurements of 1,590 adolescent girls 13 to 18 years of age provided in the 6th national anthropometric survey report. The differences among the age groups for 56 direct measurements were analyzed by ANOVA, and the structures of the differences by SNK (Students-Newman-Keuls test) were analyzed. The two major growth ages were 'ages 13-14' and 'ages 15-16'. The first major growth ages focused on all measurement items of height, length, circumference, breadth, depth and other items. The second one focused on measurement items of height and length of torso, circumference, and breadth of lower body. The major growth pattern of the age groups was 'ages 13<14&15<16&17&18' which appeared focused on the height and length items of upper body and torso, the width items of lower body and the circumference items of upper body and lower body. The measurement items of front length like waist front length, N.P. to B.P to waistline, N.P. to B.P., and B.P. to B.P. showed the growth pattern for 'ages 13<14<15<16<17&18'.

A Study on Growth Acceleration in Korean as Indirected by the Maximum Growth Age in Body Height (한국인(韓國人) 신장(身長)의 최대발육연령(最大發育年齡)으로 본 발육촉진현상(發育促進現象)의 추이(推移)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Hyung-Gyun;Park, Soon-Young;Park, Yang-Won
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.173-192
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    • 1984
  • On the basis of the study intended to research by crosssectional study keeps pace with semilongitudinal study the growthaccelerating phenomena that Maximum Growth age in teenager's body-height. By the random sampling method, the subject of study are 12659 persons(male; 6355, female; 6304) that they are from 7 ages to 17 ages in the whole country including the rural community. The measurement period passed three month days, the statistical data became electronic data processing system with computer. The other side, body-height and MGA of Koreans who had been for during the period from 1925 to 1966 proved transition of the growth-accelerating phenomena by research data reported between 1913 and 1983. The results are as follows; 1. The Growth and Development-Value of Body-height An age bracket the growth and development-value of body-height were, respectively, male is $123.88{\pm}5.05cm$ and female is $123.29{\pm}5.54cm$ for 7 ages group. these indices increased with age. the top-value reach, respectively. $169.08{\pm}5.62cm$ and $157.57{\pm}6.13cm$. The intersecting ages of male and female were the age $8.5{\sim}12.5$, during these periods, female excelled male but after these periods, male excelled female again. In case of body-height, MGA's are 7.0cm for male between 12 and 13 ages, and 7.01cm for female between 8 and 9 ages. As a rule, body-height of male excelled female but intersection phenomena of male and female appeared between 8.5 and 12.5 ages. By reginal groups, it is most prevailing is Seoul, and medium size cities and rural community rome in order. By regional groups, intersection phenomena of male and female are. a region of Seoul; $$8.5{\sim}11.5$$ ages a region of Daejeon; $$7.5{\sim}9.5$$ ages rural community; $$11.5{\sim}14.5$$ ages the whole country's average; $$8.5{\sim}12.5$$ ages By regional groups, the rate of maximum increase in a year are a region of Seoul; male is 7.23cm as 13 ages female is 7.65cm as 9 ages. a region of Daejeon; male is 7.85cm as 11 ages. female is 8.39cm as 9 ages. rural community; male is 7.65cm as 14 ages. female is 6.25cm as 12 ages. the whole country's average; male is 7.0cm as 13 ages. female is 7.01 as 9 ages. 2. Maximum Growth Age (M.G.A.) By reginal groups, maximum Growth Age's are as below in a region of Seoul, MGA's are 12.63 for male and 9.01 for female, which shows that MGA for female appears about 3.5 years earlier than that for male. In a region of Daejeon, MGA's are 9.20 for male and 8.93 for female, which. show that they are all much the same in M.G.A. In rural community, MGA's are 14.00 for male and 11.89 for female, which shows that MGA for female apperars about 2 years earlier than that for male. In the whole average, MGA's are 13.01 for male and 8.97 for femal, which shows that for female appears about 4 years earlier than that for male. For boy, M.G.A. shows fastest-growing in Daejeon, and Seoul and rural commonly come in order. For girl, It shows equal growth in Seoul and Daejeon, rural community comes later. 3. The M.G.A's in body height of male are respectively the age 15.02 in 1913, 14.23 in 1956, 13.86 in 1967, 13.62 in 1975, and 12.82 in 1981, while those of female are the age 12.0 in 1940, 11.52 in 1965, 9.53 in 1975, and 11.16 in 1980; these data show that the MGA of the Koreans has been getting younger. 4. The equation of linear regression of all the MGA's in body height are as follow; Male: Y(M.G.A)=$-0.020{\times}$ (the year)+15.19: female:Y(MGA)=$-0.028{\times}$(the year)+13.2549. 5. The corelation of all the MGA's in body height are as below; male; r=-0.329 female;r=-0.252 6. From the transition of the growth-accelating phenomena in 1980 we can capture the fact that the MGA's has been getting younger by 0.2 year per 10 years. 7. The MGA's in bodyheight are shown in table 4... 8. The future growth-accelating phenomena in body height are expected to show the similar tendency like that of the past, in 1910's but it should by more precisely reviewed after investigating the phenomena of the years directly ahead.

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Effects of weaning and castration ages on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers

  • Lim, Hwan;Ahn, Jun Sang;Kim, Min Ji;Son, Gi Hwal;Park, Joong Kook;Shim, Jae Yoon;Kim, Il Young;Kim, Ji Hyung;Cho, Sung Myoun;Kwon, Eung Gi;Shin, Jong Suh;Park, Byung Ki
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.60 no.12
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    • pp.30.1-30.11
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    • 2018
  • Background: Recently, as production costs have been increasing owing to rising feed prices worldwide, shortening the age of slaughter has been recognized as a way to increase farm income. In Korea, the raising period for Hanwoo steers is over 31 months with the delay of weaning and castration stated as one of the reasons for the increase in the raising period. Thus far, studies on age of weaning and castration have been conducted individually, and there have been no studies on the combined effects of weaning and castration ages on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Methods: Weaning ages were calculated at 80 or 130 days of age, and castration ages were calculated at 90 days and 180 days of age. Calves were allocated to one of the four treatment groups: W80C90 (weaning at 80 days of age and castration at 90 days of age), W80C180, W130C90, and W130C180. Results: For the entire experimental period, weaning and castration ages did not significantly affect growth performance of Hanwoo steers. In addition, weaning and castration ages did not affect the overall yield and quality traits of carcass in Hanwoo steers. Conclusion: Weaning and castration ages had small effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. Therefore, the early weaning and castration ages are recommended to reduce the slaughter age without any negative effects on meat quality grade.

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF CHANGE IN MANDIBULAR LATERAL SURFACE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE BODY HEIGHT (측면적계측에 의한 하악골 성장에 관한 연구)

  • Chung, Kyu-Rhim;Lee, Ki-Soo
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.215-221
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    • 1987
  • This study was designed to investigate the growth amount and rate of mandible by the measurements of mandibular lateral surface and the relationship of peak growth increments between mandible and body height The sample consisted of twenty-five boys and fifteen girls between the ages of 6 and 13 The surface of mandible was measured from digitized roentgenocephalometric analysis (A 27 point mandibular model) The findings of this study can be summarized as follows 1 No significant difference was found between mandibular lateral surfaces of the both sexes at the ages studied. 2 The mean growth amount of mandibular lateral surface from 6 to 13 years of ages was $9\;09cm^2$ in boys and $8\;29cm^2$ in girls, and the mean growth rate was 46 07% in boys and 42 57% in girls 3 The prepubertal peak growth increment in mandible was found between the ages of 11-12 in girls and 12-13 in boys 4 The prepubertal peak growth increments of mandible occured one year later that of body height in boys and girls.

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A Study on Changes of Body Measurements in Teenage Boys: Focused on ages 13 to 18 (13-18세 남학생의 인체치수 변화 경향에 관한 연구)

  • Hyun, Eun-Kyong;Nam, Yun-Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.59 no.6
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    • pp.58-71
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to examine the increments of body measurements of the teenage boys between the ages of 13 and 18 and provide a fundamental data for apparel manufacturers in order for them to make clothing that reflect the appropriate body characteristics of the teenage boys. The total of 1587 male subjects between the ages of 13 and 18, from the 5th Anthropometric survey of Korea (Size Korea) data, were used for this study. The changes in the body dimensions were analyzed with anthropometric measurements and anthropometric index mesurements. First, anthropometric measurement results show that most of the height related measurements increased in accordance with age, and that the boys between the ages of 13 and 15 experience dramatic growth. Standard deviation is the largest between the age of thirteen and fourteen which indicates that in these ages there is a wide difference in a growth rate Second, anthropometric index measurement results show that in accordance with age, bust, waist and hip depth/width rate decreased; however, waist and hip depth/width rate increased at the age of 18. In accordance with age, upper body length rate increased, whereas lower body length rate decreased. Bust circumference, armhole length, and upperarm circumference rate increased gradually, whereas waist circumference decreased.

Experimental Planting of the Seedlings for the Restoration of Abies koreana forest in Hallasan (한라산 구상나무림 복원을 위한 묘목식재시험)

  • 김갑태;추갑철;고정군
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.207-212
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    • 2001
  • To seek for restoration method of Abies koreana forest with planting seedlings, Abies koreana seedlings(2, 3 and 5 year old) were planted by date(spring and summer) and surface treatment (coir-mat, coir-net and control) at Janggumok area in Hallasan. Survival rate and shoot growth of the seedlings were measured and compared by planting date, seedling age and surface treatments. For summer planting, survival rates of the seedlings are increased with increasing seedling ages, and those are not differed between surface treatments. For spring planting, survival rates of the seedlings are increased with decreasing seedling ages, and those are not differed between surface treatments. For summer planting, shoot growth of the seedlings are significantly differed between surface treatments. Shoot growth of the seedlings was the highest value 2.11mm at coir-matted plot, and the lowest value 1.49mm at control B)lot. Shoot growth of the seedlings are not differed between the seedling ages, but the highest shoot growth was 2.26mm at coir-matted and 3-year old plot. For spring planting, survival rates and shoot growth of the seedlings are not differed between seedling ages and surface treatments.

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A Roentgenographic Study on the Growth and Development of Mandibular Permanent Teeth (하악영구치 발육에 대한 방사선학적 연구)

  • Woo-Cheon Kee;Kwang-Woo Lee;Byung-Kook Kim
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 1988
  • The authors have studied the growth and development of mandibular permanent teeth in order to the make basic data that are necessary to determine the forensic age. The 631 subjects whose ages range from 3 years to 18 years were selected to analyze calcification degree of mandibular teeth. The results were as follows: 1. There were significant differences between adjacent ages, except 14-15 years and 17-18 years. 2. In each tooth, these were differences between adjacent ages from 3 years to 10 years, except central incisor and third molars. 3. All teeth were almost completely developed at the age of about 14 years, except second and third molars. 4. In each tooth, there were the widest significances between adjacent ages in premolars.

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Body Size Changes Characteristics of Elementary School Girls Using 3D Body Scan Data (3차원 인체형상을 이용한 학령기 여아의 신체 치수 변화 특성)

  • Jang, Ja-Moon
    • Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.79-91
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    • 2011
  • This study divided school age by considering a change in the stage of body growth by age in elementary schoolgirls with the use of body scan data, and considered by comparing body size characteristics by school age. Elementary schoolgirls' body shape cannot be divided clearly. However, ages 7-10 were bound into the same group for the majority of girth, width, and thickness items. 7-8 years old, 9-10 years old, and 11-12 years old were bound into the same group in most items except ages 9 and 10 for the height item. Thus, significant difference was indicated between groups. Accordingly, this study divided the school age into three periods such as early stage(ages 7-8), middle stage(ages 9-10), and late stage(ages 11-12) in consideration of the stages for elementary schoolgirls' body-shape growth. As a result of analyzing body size according to division of school age, the higher school age leads to continuous growth. The notable growth was indicated especially in the middle stage and late stage. Examining centering on typical items related to the clothing construction, there was notable increase in waist thickness and hip thickness between early and middle stages and in height, weight, breast girth, waist circumference, back length, breast width, and waist width between middle and late stages. On the other hand, hip circumference, hip width, breast thickness, and length between shoulder edges were indicated to grow relatively and evenly among early, middle, and late stages. The lateral form was shown a clear difference in the forms of early, middle, and late stages in height and length of the whole body shape and in side thickness. The early and middle stages belong to body shape that abdomen is projected to be curved. The late stage showed right body shape which is straight and stable form in posture.

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Studies on the Physical Growth and Development, Standard Body Weight and Normal Adapted Body Weight in Korea (한국인의 표준체중치와 정상적응체중치에 관한 연구)

  • 김대봉;윤태영;최중명;박순영
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.128-162
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    • 1996
  • Using Random Sampling, the authors measured the body heights and weights of 31,151 persons - 17,102 in males and 14,049 in females from metropolitan, urban and rural areas between 6 to over 80 year old - for the purpose of investigating the type and the actual condition of the Korean's growth and development. At first, on the basis of the results, the authors measured the growth and development, various kinds of physiques, nutritional index of the 6 to 20s age group. Second, the authors presented the standard body weight of males and females by their body height, who were in the end of their growth (20-29 age group). Third, the authors calculated and presented the normal adapted body weight of the age group who were over 30 age after the growth had been completed. Forth, the author presented the obesity rate of the adults over 20 years old by body mass index. Finally, the authors compared chronological change of the Koreans' body heights and body weights with the results of other researchers. 1. Body Measurement Rapid growth, in terms of body height, which is described by a straight line on a growth curve has been observed among males in the ages 6-13 and among females 6-14. That growth curve turned out to be slower among the people of higher ages by both sexes. The cross-over occurred in both sexes at 11-14. The highest growth rate for a year is at 13-16 for males and 11-13 for females. This indicates that females enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than males. 2. Various Physiques and Nutritional Index Rapid growth, in terms of Relative Body Weight Index, which is described by a straight line, has been observed among males in the ages 6-16 and females in the ages 6-14. The cross-over occurred in both sexes 12.5-14.5 age in the adolescencent period. Whereupon females outgrow males. The Roher Index displayed more good value in case of females than male and in the adolescent period, the level of fullness is lower than after the completion of development. The Kaup Indices of both sexes increase with age. The index is less than 2.0 for males in 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state4 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state Body Mass Index is less than 20 for males 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group. In the case of the higher age group, that index maintains a normal state.

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